Electrode Material For Supercapacitor Applications Research Articles

Bioinspired flavin analogues as organic electrode materials for supercapacitor applications

With the increasing interest in incorporating redox-active organic molecules as potential materials in energy storage systems, we envisaged a chemical design around naturally occurring redox-active flavin core structure.

Electrochemical performance of Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 (2D–2D) hybrid heterostructure as negative electrode materials for supercapacitor application

Electrochemical performance of Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 (2D–2D) hybrid heterostructure as negative electrode materials for supercapacitor application

Optimized electrospun MnFe2O4 nanofibers as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications: physical and electrochemical properties

Optimized electrospun MnFe2O4 nanofibers as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications: physical and electrochemical properties

Electrochemical performance of a Li+-enriched metallohydrogel as electrolyte and electrode materials for supercapacitors

Li+-enriched metallohydrogel (MG-Co) has been synthesized via insitu LiOH deprotonation of pre-gelator (H9SAL) followed by coordination with Co2+ to develop pure gel electrolyte and electrode materials without using any external...

Sustainable biomass conversion into activated carbon for supercapacitor devices: a promising approach toward renewable energy storage

ABSTRACT In recent years, exploitation of biomass as an economical and environmentally friendly source for the production of energy to power supercapacitor devices has gained momentum. It is a viable alternative to current methods of energy consumption and chemical production, offering a more cost-effective and sustainable solution. Additionally, biomass has an inherently high energy capacity, making it a promising source of energy for the production of supercapacitor devices. The current investigation utilizes Spathodea campanulata leaves and flowers to synthesize KOH-activated carbon (AC) through microwave approach. In this study, two types of biomass-derived materials, AC-SPL and AC-SPF, were evaluated for their suitability as electrode materials for supercapacitors. FTIR results suggested the presence of O- and N- functionalities in the synthesized carbon materials. XRD results reflected an amorphous structure with an increased crystalline size due to KOH activation. The specific capacitance values of AC-SPF were found to be 9.2F/g while for AC-SPL 6.03 F/g. The investigated samples were found to possess good physicochemical properties and promising electrochemical performance, making them suitable for use in the development of an inexpensive and eco-friendly electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

1D Layered LiVO3 Nanorods Synthesized by Ultrasonic‐Assisted Chemical Route for Supercapacitor Applications

Herein, 1D layered lithium vanadate (LiVO3) nanorods are successfully synthesized using a facile ultrasonic‐assisted chemical route using V2O5 as the starting material. The as‐prepared LiVO3 nanorods are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. The reaction and growth mechanism of LiVO3 nanorods formation are provided. The synthesized LiVO3 nanorods are used as electrode material for supercapacitor applications and exhibit a high specific capacitance of 426.2 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. Additionally, the LiVO3 // AC asymmetric coin cell supercapacitor device fabricated with LiVO3 as the cathode shows an excellent energy density of 25.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 228.5 Wkg−1 along with superior cyclic stability of ≈80% after 5000 cycles and wide operating voltage window of 1.6 V. Density functional theory studies show that the decrease in the bandgap of the LiVO3 is one of the intrinsic reasons that the conductivity and capacitive charge storage performance are greatly improved over V2O5. This design of a 1D layered LiVO3 nanorods presented in this work will provide a path to discover high performing electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Geranium Leaves Activated Carbon for Energy Storage Applications

Supercapacitors have emerged as a promising energy storage technology due to their high power density and fast charging times. One of the critical components of supercapacitors is the electrode material, which can significantly impact their performance. This study investigates the potential of geranium leaves-derived activated carbon as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Geranium leaves were pyrolyzed at an optimized temperature and activated with a chemical activating agent to obtain activated carbon. The synthesized material was characterized using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy to determine its morphology, crystallinity, and surface functional groups. The electrochemical properties of the activated carbon were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Our results show that the geranium leaves derived activated carbon exhibit excellent electrochemical properties such as a high specific capacitance and good cyclic stability. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the mesoporous structure of the activated carbon, which provides a large surface area and facilitates efficient electrolyte ion diffusion. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that geranium leaves derived activated carbon can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The use of natural resources like geranium leaves for the synthesis of activated carbon not only offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach but also reduces the environmental impact associated with the disposal of organic waste materials.

Temperature Study on Vanadium Oxide Nano-Spheres As an Efficient Electrodes for Supercapacitor

Due to the intermittence nature of renewable sources of energy, the research community has paid close attention to energy storage devices for ensuring the continuous supply of energy. Among the other transition metal oxides, V2O5 nanostructures have some inherent properties such as their layered structure, numerous oxidation states, low cost, ease of availability, and low toxicity, seems to fit to work as an electrode material for supercapacitor application. In the current study, V2O5 nanospheres were created using a solvothermal technique. To determine the ideal calcination temperature for the synthesis of V2O5 nanospheres, a thorough experimental examination was conducted. The resulting V2O5 nanospheres were thoroughly evaluated for their temperature-dependent morphological, structural, and compositional characteristics using a variety of cutting-edge analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The diameters of the nanospheres range from 1-2 micrometers, but their widths are only a few nm. The generated nanospheres electrochemical examination was performed using an aqueous LiCl electrolyte. The generated nanospheres exhibit a cyclic stability of 66% capacitance retention after 500 cycles and the maximum specific capacitance of about 360 F/g at 0.5 A/g. The exceptional reversibility and cyclic stability of the nanospheres were caused by the surface alteration brought on by calcination. The slower kinetics of electrode dissolving can be used to explain the improved cycle performance seen in this study as a result of the reduction in stress during the electrochemical reaction. Keyword: Supercapacitor, Vanadium Pentoxide, Energy storage, Electrochemistry.

NiCo2S4 nanosheet/Co9S8 hollow nanoparticle derived from MOF hierarchical core/shell electrode material for supercapacitor applications

NiCo2S4 nanosheet/Co9S8 hollow nanoparticle derived from MOF hierarchical core/shell electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Design 3D hierarchical flower-shaped NH4V4O10/N-GQDs/cellulose nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitor application

In recent years, materials based on carbon dioxide compounds and transition metal oxide nanocomposites with desirable synergistic properties have attracted a great deal of attention as potential candidates for high efficiency electrochemical supercapacitors. Our work presents the development of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes using the 3D-flower-shaped NH4V4O10 microstructures combined with nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and cellulose (NHV-NGC). A simple in-situ hydrothermal synthesis was used to synthesize the NHV-NGC. Various methods are employed to characterize the physiochemical properties of the synthesized composite. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to examine the electrochemical behavior of the materials as designed. According to the GCD profiles, the optimized NHV-NGC electrode has a specific capacitance of 1852.9 Fg−1 (878 Cg−1) at a current density of 2 Ag−1 in 3.0 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. As well, the specific capacitance of the NHV-NGC electrode is about three times greater than the specific capacitance of the NHV electrode (631 Fg−1 (300 Cg−1). The electrode shows a high retention specific capacitance of 83.5% after 3000 charge-discharge cycles at a scanning rate of 100 mVs−1. Additionally, the fabricated supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 57.8 Whkg−1 at a power density of 473.9 Wkg−1. Based on the GCD plots of the optimized NHV-NGC electrode, the specific capacitance was calculated to be 1852.9, 1224.9, 981.8, and 286.2 Fg−1 (878, 587.1, 466, and 137.1 Cg−1) at 2, 3, 4, and 5 Ag−1, respectively. Synergistic effects between the three-dimensional flower-shaped NH4V4O10 microstructures, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and cellulose in the nanocomposites structure resulted in extraordinary conductivity, excellent electrochemical performance, and the development of suitable routes for rapid ion/electron transport via reversible redox reactions. In terms of electrochemical performance, the NHV-NGC nanocomposite is proving to be a promising candidate for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.

Microwave-assisted sol-gel synthesis of mesoporous NiO-decorated silica nanostructures utilizing biogenic silica source for supercapacitor applications

Developing efficient and sustainable energy storage materials is essential for supercapacitor technology. This study presents a microwave-assisted sol-gel synthesis of nickel oxide-decorated SiO2 nanostructures employing rice husk as a silica source for supercapacitor application. Rice husk, an abundant agricultural waste, was utilized as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly precursor for silica synthesis. Sol-gel synthesis assisted by microwaves allowed rapid and controlled formation of the silica nanostructure via alkaline extraction with NaOH, acidification with acetic acid, and capping with PEG. Likewise, nickel precursor with an appropriate concentration was introduced during the formation of silica nanostructures, leading to NiO-decorated silica nanostructures. XRD, FTIR, BET, FESEM, EDS, and HRTEM analysis demonstrated that NiO was decorated on the silica nanostructure distinctly depending on the concentration of nickel precursor. The electrochemical studies using 2 M KOH electrolyte revealed that the maximum specific capacitance of RH-SiO2, NiO@RH-SiO2-1, and NiO@RH-SiO2-2 was found to be 102 F/g, 405 F/g, and 506 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g with superior energy density and power density. It is also found that the electrode exhibits high-capacitance retention and good cycle stability after 5000 cycles. The obtained result revealed that when the nickel precursor concentration was increased, the specific capacitance was also increased because high nickel precursor concentration leads to the formation of NiO species which can serve as reactive surfaces for carrier transport. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated using NiO@RH-SiO2-2 and it provides an excellent energy density of 31.25 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 745 W kg−1 with long-term cyclic stability (96.4% specific capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). Based on these results, NiO-decorated silica nanostructures can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Graphene supported In2S3 nanostructure as electrode material for lithium sulfur batteries and supercapacitors

A facile one-pot fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported In2S3-rGO is presented here with improved electrochemical performance in lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Increasing the concentration of rGO in the nanostructures successfully mitigated the conversation kinetics, polysulfide shuttle effect and improved the overall cyclability in Li–S batteries. A battery made from In2S3-rGO30 electrode loses only 8 % of its discharge capacity after 250 continuous charge-discharge cycles, compared to a 36 % loss from a bare In2S3 electrode. It presented a high discharge capacity of 947.3 mA h g−1 at 1C, superb rate performance of 821.65 mA h g−1 at 5C, excellent capacity retention and Columbic efficiency of ⁓100 % over 250 cycles are achieved. The In2S3-rGO30 electrode provides a specific capacitance of 645.2 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 for SC application. The electrode retains 96 % of its capacity after 1000 continuous discharge cycles at a higher current density of 5 A g−1, performing well and staying ahead of other nanocomposites. This study successfully demonstrates the integration of In2S3 with a two-dimensional conductive substrate as a multifunctional and cost-effective host for designing high-performance cathode for Li–S batteries and battery-type electrode material for SC application.

Probing the Synergy of Ni(OH)2/NiO Nanoparticles Supported on rGO for Battery‐Type Supercapacitors

Herein, a direct hydrothermal protocol for the synthesis of nickel‐based hydroxide/oxide nanocomposites grown on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is presented. The materials are employed as a high‐performance active layer for advanced supercapacitors. Ni(OH)2/rGO and NiO/rGO nanocomposites demonstrate a high specific capacitance of 1255.12 and 636.84 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 obtained from cyclic voltammetry curves while 1092.5 and 1070 F g−1 are estimated from galvanostatic charge–discharge at 1 A g−1, respectively. Subsequently, symmetric devices with a broad potential window of 1.4 V for both the materials are also fabricated. Symmetric devices deliver maximum specific capacitance of 115.71 and 80.28 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with an energy density of 31. 5 and 22 Wh kg−1 at power density of 1.4 kW kg−1, which indicates the high‐rate capability of the devices. The devices have maximum capacity retention of 81% and 93%, when tested for 1000 discharge cycles at 3 A g−1, showing high cycle stability. The superlative performance of nanocomposites can be attributed to the synergistic effects they exhibit, demonstrating that they are appealing electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

Fabrication of MnSe/WSe2 nanohybrid electrode prepared through hydrothermal method for supercapacitor applications

The advancement of energy storage technology is vital in addressing the worldwide energy challenges which has garnered attention of researchers due to limited availability of non-renewable resources. Energy storage equipment's such as supercapacitor, batteries and capacitors have limitations because of poor electrochemical performance and reduced cycle stability exhibited by electrode materials. In order to assess suitability of electrode material for supercapacitor applications, it was crucial to achieve notably high electrochemical performance and stability. Due to larger values of power, energy density and excellent life cycle pseudocapacitor have gained the attention of researchers. The work employed hydrothermal method to produce MnSe, WSe2 and MnSe/WSe2 composite materials. Various methodologies were employed to ascertain the distinctive features of structural, electrochemical, and morphological attributes. The utilization of a 3-electrode setup yielded findings indicating that the MnSe/WSe2 composite possesses the highest specific capacitance value of 1326 F g−1, a specific energy value of 37 Wh kg−1 and a power density value of 225 W kg−1. The analysis of electrochemical stability of MS@WS composites showed that structural stability over 5000th cycles for 40 h. The Nyquist plot gives numerical value of charge transfer resistance of MS@WS nanohybrids (1.5 Ω) which was smaller than MS (1.7 Ω) and.WS (1.9 Ω). These values suggested that prepared electrode material may have potential to use in supercapacitor applications and other electronic devices.

Decorating 2D graphene oxides sheets with spherical shaped Fe3O4 for the applications of supercapacitors and sunlight induced sonophotocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

This study introduces a versatile nanocomposite material composed of Fe3O4 and GO/Fe3O4, demonstrating remarkable enhancements in sonication involved sonophotocatalytic and supercapacitor applications. The GO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (NCs) were synthesized through a facile chemical precipitation method and subjected to comprehensive characterization using diverse techniques, including Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The successful synthesis of both Fe3O4 and GO/Fe3O4 NCs was confirmed through XRD analysis, while UV-Vis measurements indicated a reduced bandgap for the nanocomposites. FESEM and TEM examinations unveiled a uniform distribution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles over the GO nanosheets, reinforcing the meticulous design of the nanostructure. Leveraging their unique properties, the synthesized nanocomposites were employed as efficient sonication and sun-light driven photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Impressively, the GO/Fe3O4 NCs exhibited exceptional sonophotocatalytic process, achieving rapid degradation rates (98.68% in 30 min) for MB dye under direct sunlight exposure. Furthermore, the engineered nanocomposites demonstrated outstanding suitability as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. The GO/Fe3O4 NCs showcased a peak specific capacitance of 690.03 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 was achieved, with the cyclic stability remaining at 91% after 8000 cycles. The enhanced catalytic and the specific capacitance is due to the synergistic effect create between the Fe3O4 NPs and GO via the effective bonding of Fe-O-C. These findings reveals that the prepared nanohybrid is effective material for the dye degradation and the energy storage applications.

Enhanced supercapacitor materials from pyrolyzed algae and graphene composites

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of supercapacitor materials derived from pyrolyzed natural compounds. Four compounds were investigated: methylcellulose with lysine (ML), methylcellulose with lysine-graphene composite (MLG), algae (A), and algae-graphene composite (AG). The pyrolysis process was utilized to convert these natural compounds into carbon-based materials suitable for supercapacitor applications. The properties of the resulting materials were analyzed extensively to evaluate their potential as supercapacitor electrodes. The electrochemical performance, including specific capacitance, cyclic stability, and rate capability was measured using various characterization techniques. The effects of incorporating graphene into the lysine-methylcellulose and algae matrices were also studied to explore the enhancements in supercapacitor performance. In both cases, the addition of graphene resulted in a positive effect. Among all the materials investigated, the algae-graphene composite exhibited the most favorable properties, demonstrating a specific capacitance of 192 F g−1 after 10,000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles at a current of 5 A g−1 in K2SO4 electrolyte. This exceptional performance underscores the potential of the algae-graphene composite as a highly efficient and durable electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

β-Cyclodextrin-Stabilized CuO/MXene Nanocomposite as an Electrode Material for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors are the best energy storage systems due to their high power density, quick charge/discharge rate, and long-term reliability. In this study, β-cyclodextrin-stabilized CuO nanoparticles (CuO@βCD NPs) were synthesized through a simple reduction method and anchored on the surface of MXene nanosheets in three different proportions (1:1, 4:1, and 1:4) to obtain CuO@βCD/MXene nanocomposites through the wet-impregnation method. The formation of CuO@βCD NPs and their physicochemical characteristics were verified by XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM analysis. The actual focus is on the evaluation of the electrochemical performances of CuO@βCD, MXene, and CuO@βCD/MXene nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis revealed the pseudocapacitance and an improved specific capacitance of 1693.43 F g-1 at 0.90 A g-1 for the CuO@βCD/MXene (1:1) nanocomposite. The electrochemical impedance analysis displays superior electrical conductivity with a low charge transfer resistance value on incorporating CuO@βCD between the MXene layers. Furthermore, the CuO@βCD/MXene (1:1) nanocomposite exhibited improved long-term cycling stability by retaining 86% of its initial specific capacitance even after the 10,000th cycle at the current density of 4.54 A g-1. Based on the electrochemical performance, the CuO@βCD/MXene (1:1) nanocomposite proves its suitability as an electrode material for supercapacitor application with long-term cycling stability and rate capability.

Transition Metal Selenides for Supercapacitors

AbstractThe advancements in high‐performance flexible energy storage devices are crucial to realize the integration and multifunctionality of wearable devices. Transition metal selenides (TMSes), possess high theoretical capacity and electrical conductivity, which hold great promise for energy storage applications. This review provides a succinct summary of the progress of TMSes as high‐performance electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. First, the energy storage mechanism of TMSes and the effective strategies for achieving high‐performance TMSes are discussed. Subsequently, the recent process of TMSes‐based supercapacitors and other multifunctional applications is summarized. This paper aims to provide the superiority of TMSes as electrode materials and their recent advances for energy devices, to promote the development of high‐performance TMSes electrode materials in the fields of energy storage.

A review on Co3O4 nanostructures as the electrodes of supercapacitors

Usage of supercapacitors in energy storage applications has now become a new trend due to their auspicious features. The introduction of pseudocapacitance has increased its weightage to be used in a greater number of practical applications. Electrodes are the major constituents of a supercapacitor, based on which the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor is decided. Among the varieties of electrode materials available, transition metal oxides are the most suitable ones to fulfill the required criteria. Due to the occurrence of faradic redox reactions on the surface of electrodes, the selection of efficient and favorable electrode material plays a major role. Co3O4 (cobalt (III) oxide) is one of the most desirable electrode materials due to its various peculiar features. This paper reviews briefly several factors of Co3O4 as electrode material in supercapacitor applications. It includes comparative discussions towards different synthesize methodologies and the influence of its dimensional morphology on the electrochemical outputs like specific capacitance, energy density, and power density.

An Aniline‐Complexed Bismuth Tungstate Nanocomposite Anchored on Carbon Black as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Applications

AbstractThe development of efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors has been a topic of extensive research. In this study, a novel electrode material composed of carbon black anchored bismuth‐tungstate‐aniline complex (Bi2(WO4)3/Aniline/CB) (BTACB) nanocomposite was synthesized for supercapacitor applications. The BTACB nanocomposite exhibited excellent electrochemical properties with a specific capacitance of 306 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and excellent cycling stability. The improved electrochemical performance of the BTACB electrode material is attributed to the synergistic effects of the bismuth‐tungstate and aniline complex, and the conductive carbon black, which provides high surface area and good conductivity. These findings suggest that the carbon black anchored bismuth‐tungstate‐aniline complexed electrode material is a promising candidate for high‐performance supercapacitors.