Electrode Material For Supercapacitor Applications Research Articles

Sustainable Supercapacitor Electrode Based on Activated Biochar Derived from Preserved Wood Waste

Due to the inherent metals (Cu, As and Cr) in preserved wood waste (CCA-treated wood waste) that pose a risk to both the environment and human health, it is crucial to dispose of CCA-treated wood properly. Carbon materials have received widespread attention for their high porosity, renewability and simplicity of fabrication. This work presents a simple and effective process for producing carbon materials from leftover CCA-treated wood (chromated copper arsenate). Utilizing CCA-treated wood derived carbon (CCA-BC) and activating it with KOH (CCA-AC), electrode materials for supercapacitor applications were created and its electrochemical characteristics were investigated. The resulting material combines the conductivity of the metal in preserved wood with the good porosity provided by carbon materials. Compared with common wood biomass, carbon (W-BC) and common wood activated carbon (W-AC), CCA-BC and CCA-AC have better electrochemical properties. After being pyrolyzed at 600 °C for two hours, CCA-AC performed optimally electrochemically in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte, demonstrating a 72% capacity retention rate after 2000 charge and discharge cycles and a specific capacity of 76.7 F/g. This study provides a novel approach for the manufacture of supercapacitor electrodes, which also allows preserved wood waste an environmentally nondestructive form of elimination.

Carbon Nitride Supported Ultra-fine Bismuth Sulfide Based Supercapacitor for Low Frequency Oscillator Application

In this study, a high temperature in-situ route is reported for the synthesis of one dimensional carbon nitride supported bismuth sulfide nanoparticles. The x-ray diffraction study confirmed the formation of orthorhombic crystal structure of bismuth sulfide with the space group of Pnma (62). The synthesized product was used as an electrode material for supercapacitor application. Electrochemical performance of the three-electrode configuration demonstrated the specific capacitance value of 190 F.g−1 at the current density 1.5 A.g−1. A symmetric supercapacitor device, fabricated using identical synthesized material, resulted a specific capacity of 101.7 mAh.g−1 at 0.02 A.g−1, with energy and power density values of 24.35 mWh.kg−1 and 186.57 W.kg−1, respectively. The symmetric device also exhibited excellent cycling stability that retained 99% of its initial capacity after 500 cycles at 0.12 A.g−1. The coin cell based symmetric supercapacitor can generate the low frequency waveform and functioned as an oscillator.Graphical

Facile synthesis of CuMn2O4 nanoparticles for efficient of high performance electrode materials for supercapacitor application

Copper manganese oxides (CuMn2O4) were prepared through the sol-gel auto-combustion methods followed by different calcination temperatures. Further, these materials were characterized by the surface analytical techniques such as TG-DTA, XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, XPS, and BET. Additionally, the multifunctional properties of these nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated in terms of their magnetic, dielectric, and electrochemical behavior. Structural XRD reveals the spinel formation of CuMn2O4 NPs orientation along with (211) plane tetragonal structure and space group I41/amd (141). XRD shows the increasing nature of crystallite size ∼32–40 nm with calcination temperatures. Molecular vibrational by FTIR study shows two metal-oxygen bonds ∼605 and 517 cm−1 attributed to tetrahedral and octahedral sides. The XPS oxidation studies of metallic species Cu2+ and Mn2+. The NPs depicts the ferromagnetic behaviour from the hysteresis-loop. The dielectric exhibit improved AC conductivity with increasing frequency. Electrochemical of CuMn2O4 NPs as working electrode showed an enhanced specific capacitance of 822 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The electrochemical stability of the CuMn2O4 electrode material provided a good Coulombic efficiency of around 91%, even after 5000 cycles. The high energy and high power density of 18.2 W hkg−1 and 1125 W kg−1, respectively, make the CuMn2O4 NPs an effective material for supercapacitor applications.

Investigating electrochemical behavior of cobalt pentacyano(methylaniline)ferrate(ii) in various aqueous electrolytes for supercapacitor application

Novel Prussian blue analogue (PBA) electrode material for supercapacitor application showed high capacity in 3 M KOH and excellent performance when tested in solid-state asymmetric device with 93% capacity retention over 2000 cycles.

High capacitive pt and NiOx loaded supercapacitors with commercial and green synthesized carbon-based materials

Supercapacitors have gained great interest due to their high-power energy density, suitability for clean energy and energy storage applications. In this study, we used commercial multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), polypyrrole (PPy) and synthesized porous carbon (PC) from Astragalus brachycalyx plant as supporting materials to prepare Pt-NiOx/PPy-MWCNT and Pt-NiOx/PC electrodes by a straightforward method and tested their electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize synthesized electrodes. The XRD results confirmed the composition and crystalline structure of related materials in the Pt-NiOx/PPy-MWCNT and Pt-NiOx/PC electrodes. While the MWCNT supporting materials with PPy exhibited filled rod like structure, PC supporting materials showed porous surfaces according to SEM images. The EDS analysis approved chemical composition of the Pt-NiOx/PPy-MWCNT and Pt-NiOx/PC depending on their ingredients. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were used to characterize capacitor behaviors of the electrode materials in a Swagelok-type cell. The Pt-NiOx/PPy-MWCNT and Pt-NiOx/PC materials displayed 252.36 F/g and 390.97 F/g capacitance values, respectively. The electrochemical experiments revealed that the synthesized materials can be used as energy storage electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

Novel electrospun bead-like Ag2MoO4 nanofibers coated on Ni foam for visible light-driven heterogeneous photocatalysis and high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.

Novel Ag2MoO4 nanocomposite fibers were designed to enhance the photocatalytic response and supercapacitor performance of MoO3 grown via the sol-gel electrospinning technique. The Ag2MoO4 nanocomposite fibers exhibit a high specific surface area of 49.3 m2 g-1 comprising nanobeads that aggregate in the fibrous structure. The photodegradation efficiency of Ag2MoO4 was evaluated as 62% under visible light irradiation which improved to 71% with heterogeneous photocatalysis. The Ag2MoO4@Ni foam exhibited a low Rct of 19.6 Ω, and an enhanced specific capacitance of 1445 F g-1 was obtained at 1 A g-1, with 93% of its initial capacitance remaining after 5000 cycles. In addition, the Ag2MoO4//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor possesses an excellent energy density of 76.6 W h kg-1 at 743.2 W kg-1 and a noteworthy cycling durability of 91% after 5000 cycles. Our findings demonstrate that the electrospun Ag2MoO4@Ni foam is an important and inexpensive electrode material for supercapacitor applications and visible light-driven heterogeneous photocatalysis, drawing on the synergic effects of Ag and Mo to exhibit much better performance.

Investigating electrochemical behavior of cobalt pentacyano(methylaniline)ferrate(ii) in various aqueous electrolytes for supercapacitor application

Novel Prussian blue analogue (PBA) electrode material for supercapacitor application showed high capacity in 3 M KOH and excellent performance when tested in solid-state asymmetric device with 93% capacity retention over 2000 cycles.

Bioinspired flavin analogues as organic electrode materials for supercapacitor applications

With the increasing interest in incorporating redox-active organic molecules as potential materials in energy storage systems, we envisaged a chemical design around naturally occurring redox-active flavin core structure.

Electrochemical performance of Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 (2D–2D) hybrid heterostructure as negative electrode materials for supercapacitor application

Electrochemical performance of Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 (2D–2D) hybrid heterostructure as negative electrode materials for supercapacitor application

Optimized electrospun MnFe2O4 nanofibers as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications: physical and electrochemical properties

Optimized electrospun MnFe2O4 nanofibers as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications: physical and electrochemical properties

Electrochemical performance of a Li+-enriched metallohydrogel as an electrolyte and electrode material for supercapacitors

Li+-enriched metallohydrogel has been utilized as electrolyte and electrode material in supercapacitor applications.

Sustainable biomass conversion into activated carbon for supercapacitor devices: a promising approach toward renewable energy storage

ABSTRACT In recent years, exploitation of biomass as an economical and environmentally friendly source for the production of energy to power supercapacitor devices has gained momentum. It is a viable alternative to current methods of energy consumption and chemical production, offering a more cost-effective and sustainable solution. Additionally, biomass has an inherently high energy capacity, making it a promising source of energy for the production of supercapacitor devices. The current investigation utilizes Spathodea campanulata leaves and flowers to synthesize KOH-activated carbon (AC) through microwave approach. In this study, two types of biomass-derived materials, AC-SPL and AC-SPF, were evaluated for their suitability as electrode materials for supercapacitors. FTIR results suggested the presence of O- and N- functionalities in the synthesized carbon materials. XRD results reflected an amorphous structure with an increased crystalline size due to KOH activation. The specific capacitance values of AC-SPF were found to be 9.2F/g while for AC-SPL 6.03 F/g. The investigated samples were found to possess good physicochemical properties and promising electrochemical performance, making them suitable for use in the development of an inexpensive and eco-friendly electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

1D Layered LiVO3 Nanorods Synthesized by Ultrasonic‐Assisted Chemical Route for Supercapacitor Applications

Herein, 1D layered lithium vanadate (LiVO3) nanorods are successfully synthesized using a facile ultrasonic‐assisted chemical route using V2O5 as the starting material. The as‐prepared LiVO3 nanorods are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. The reaction and growth mechanism of LiVO3 nanorods formation are provided. The synthesized LiVO3 nanorods are used as electrode material for supercapacitor applications and exhibit a high specific capacitance of 426.2 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. Additionally, the LiVO3 // AC asymmetric coin cell supercapacitor device fabricated with LiVO3 as the cathode shows an excellent energy density of 25.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 228.5 Wkg−1 along with superior cyclic stability of ≈80% after 5000 cycles and wide operating voltage window of 1.6 V. Density functional theory studies show that the decrease in the bandgap of the LiVO3 is one of the intrinsic reasons that the conductivity and capacitive charge storage performance are greatly improved over V2O5. This design of a 1D layered LiVO3 nanorods presented in this work will provide a path to discover high performing electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Geranium Leaves Activated Carbon for Energy Storage Applications

Supercapacitors have emerged as a promising energy storage technology due to their high power density and fast charging times. One of the critical components of supercapacitors is the electrode material, which can significantly impact their performance. This study investigates the potential of geranium leaves-derived activated carbon as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Geranium leaves were pyrolyzed at an optimized temperature and activated with a chemical activating agent to obtain activated carbon. The synthesized material was characterized using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy to determine its morphology, crystallinity, and surface functional groups. The electrochemical properties of the activated carbon were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Our results show that the geranium leaves derived activated carbon exhibit excellent electrochemical properties such as a high specific capacitance and good cyclic stability. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the mesoporous structure of the activated carbon, which provides a large surface area and facilitates efficient electrolyte ion diffusion. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that geranium leaves derived activated carbon can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The use of natural resources like geranium leaves for the synthesis of activated carbon not only offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach but also reduces the environmental impact associated with the disposal of organic waste materials.

Temperature Study on Vanadium Oxide Nano-Spheres As an Efficient Electrodes for Supercapacitor

Due to the intermittence nature of renewable sources of energy, the research community has paid close attention to energy storage devices for ensuring the continuous supply of energy. Among the other transition metal oxides, V2O5 nanostructures have some inherent properties such as their layered structure, numerous oxidation states, low cost, ease of availability, and low toxicity, seems to fit to work as an electrode material for supercapacitor application. In the current study, V2O5 nanospheres were created using a solvothermal technique. To determine the ideal calcination temperature for the synthesis of V2O5 nanospheres, a thorough experimental examination was conducted. The resulting V2O5 nanospheres were thoroughly evaluated for their temperature-dependent morphological, structural, and compositional characteristics using a variety of cutting-edge analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The diameters of the nanospheres range from 1-2 micrometers, but their widths are only a few nm. The generated nanospheres electrochemical examination was performed using an aqueous LiCl electrolyte. The generated nanospheres exhibit a cyclic stability of 66% capacitance retention after 500 cycles and the maximum specific capacitance of about 360 F/g at 0.5 A/g. The exceptional reversibility and cyclic stability of the nanospheres were caused by the surface alteration brought on by calcination. The slower kinetics of electrode dissolving can be used to explain the improved cycle performance seen in this study as a result of the reduction in stress during the electrochemical reaction. Keyword: Supercapacitor, Vanadium Pentoxide, Energy storage, Electrochemistry.

NiCo2S4 nanosheet/Co9S8 hollow nanoparticle derived from MOF hierarchical core/shell electrode material for supercapacitor applications

NiCo2S4 nanosheet/Co9S8 hollow nanoparticle derived from MOF hierarchical core/shell electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Design 3D hierarchical flower-shaped NH4V4O10/N-GQDs/cellulose nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitor application

In recent years, materials based on carbon dioxide compounds and transition metal oxide nanocomposites with desirable synergistic properties have attracted a great deal of attention as potential candidates for high efficiency electrochemical supercapacitors. Our work presents the development of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes using the 3D-flower-shaped NH4V4O10 microstructures combined with nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and cellulose (NHV-NGC). A simple in-situ hydrothermal synthesis was used to synthesize the NHV-NGC. Various methods are employed to characterize the physiochemical properties of the synthesized composite. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to examine the electrochemical behavior of the materials as designed. According to the GCD profiles, the optimized NHV-NGC electrode has a specific capacitance of 1852.9 Fg−1 (878 Cg−1) at a current density of 2 Ag−1 in 3.0 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. As well, the specific capacitance of the NHV-NGC electrode is about three times greater than the specific capacitance of the NHV electrode (631 Fg−1 (300 Cg−1). The electrode shows a high retention specific capacitance of 83.5% after 3000 charge-discharge cycles at a scanning rate of 100 mVs−1. Additionally, the fabricated supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 57.8 Whkg−1 at a power density of 473.9 Wkg−1. Based on the GCD plots of the optimized NHV-NGC electrode, the specific capacitance was calculated to be 1852.9, 1224.9, 981.8, and 286.2 Fg−1 (878, 587.1, 466, and 137.1 Cg−1) at 2, 3, 4, and 5 Ag−1, respectively. Synergistic effects between the three-dimensional flower-shaped NH4V4O10 microstructures, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and cellulose in the nanocomposites structure resulted in extraordinary conductivity, excellent electrochemical performance, and the development of suitable routes for rapid ion/electron transport via reversible redox reactions. In terms of electrochemical performance, the NHV-NGC nanocomposite is proving to be a promising candidate for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.

Microwave-assisted sol-gel synthesis of mesoporous NiO-decorated silica nanostructures utilizing biogenic silica source for supercapacitor applications

Developing efficient and sustainable energy storage materials is essential for supercapacitor technology. This study presents a microwave-assisted sol-gel synthesis of nickel oxide-decorated SiO2 nanostructures employing rice husk as a silica source for supercapacitor application. Rice husk, an abundant agricultural waste, was utilized as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly precursor for silica synthesis. Sol-gel synthesis assisted by microwaves allowed rapid and controlled formation of the silica nanostructure via alkaline extraction with NaOH, acidification with acetic acid, and capping with PEG. Likewise, nickel precursor with an appropriate concentration was introduced during the formation of silica nanostructures, leading to NiO-decorated silica nanostructures. XRD, FTIR, BET, FESEM, EDS, and HRTEM analysis demonstrated that NiO was decorated on the silica nanostructure distinctly depending on the concentration of nickel precursor. The electrochemical studies using 2 M KOH electrolyte revealed that the maximum specific capacitance of RH-SiO2, NiO@RH-SiO2-1, and NiO@RH-SiO2-2 was found to be 102 F/g, 405 F/g, and 506 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g with superior energy density and power density. It is also found that the electrode exhibits high-capacitance retention and good cycle stability after 5000 cycles. The obtained result revealed that when the nickel precursor concentration was increased, the specific capacitance was also increased because high nickel precursor concentration leads to the formation of NiO species which can serve as reactive surfaces for carrier transport. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated using NiO@RH-SiO2-2 and it provides an excellent energy density of 31.25 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 745 W kg−1 with long-term cyclic stability (96.4% specific capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). Based on these results, NiO-decorated silica nanostructures can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Graphene supported In2S3 nanostructure as electrode material for lithium sulfur batteries and supercapacitors

A facile one-pot fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported In2S3-rGO is presented here with improved electrochemical performance in lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Increasing the concentration of rGO in the nanostructures successfully mitigated the conversation kinetics, polysulfide shuttle effect and improved the overall cyclability in Li–S batteries. A battery made from In2S3-rGO30 electrode loses only 8 % of its discharge capacity after 250 continuous charge-discharge cycles, compared to a 36 % loss from a bare In2S3 electrode. It presented a high discharge capacity of 947.3 mA h g−1 at 1C, superb rate performance of 821.65 mA h g−1 at 5C, excellent capacity retention and Columbic efficiency of ⁓100 % over 250 cycles are achieved. The In2S3-rGO30 electrode provides a specific capacitance of 645.2 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1 for SC application. The electrode retains 96 % of its capacity after 1000 continuous discharge cycles at a higher current density of 5 A g−1, performing well and staying ahead of other nanocomposites. This study successfully demonstrates the integration of In2S3 with a two-dimensional conductive substrate as a multifunctional and cost-effective host for designing high-performance cathode for Li–S batteries and battery-type electrode material for SC application.

Probing the Synergy of Ni(OH)2/NiO Nanoparticles Supported on rGO for Battery‐Type Supercapacitors

Herein, a direct hydrothermal protocol for the synthesis of nickel‐based hydroxide/oxide nanocomposites grown on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is presented. The materials are employed as a high‐performance active layer for advanced supercapacitors. Ni(OH)2/rGO and NiO/rGO nanocomposites demonstrate a high specific capacitance of 1255.12 and 636.84 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 obtained from cyclic voltammetry curves while 1092.5 and 1070 F g−1 are estimated from galvanostatic charge–discharge at 1 A g−1, respectively. Subsequently, symmetric devices with a broad potential window of 1.4 V for both the materials are also fabricated. Symmetric devices deliver maximum specific capacitance of 115.71 and 80.28 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with an energy density of 31. 5 and 22 Wh kg−1 at power density of 1.4 kW kg−1, which indicates the high‐rate capability of the devices. The devices have maximum capacity retention of 81% and 93%, when tested for 1000 discharge cycles at 3 A g−1, showing high cycle stability. The superlative performance of nanocomposites can be attributed to the synergistic effects they exhibit, demonstrating that they are appealing electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.