Electrode Material For Supercapacitor Applications Research Articles

Zn-MOF-derived γ-Zn(OH)2/Zn(OH)2.0.5H2O/Zn(OH)2/activated charcoal-based electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Zn-MOF-derived γ-Zn(OH)2/Zn(OH)2.0.5H2O/Zn(OH)2/activated charcoal-based electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Hydrothermal Development of Bimetallic Sulfide Nanostructures as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application

Hydrothermal Development of Bimetallic Sulfide Nanostructures as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application

Synthesis of water-soluble nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots-polypyrrole nanocomposite via in-situ polymerization for high performance supercapacitor application

In this work, water-soluble nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal approach, and nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots-polypyrrole nanocomposites (NCQDs/PPy) were synthesized using In-Situ chemical polymerization methods. The synthesized pure NCQDs, PPy, and NCQDs/PPy nanocomposites are characterized with help of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques to study their chemical changes, structural phase, morphology, and optical properties. The electrochemical performance is investigated through a two-electrode system, and the NCQDs/PPy-2 nanocomposite shows a high specific capacitance (Csp) of 750 Fg−1 at a current density (CD) of 1 Ag−1 with a wide operating potential window from −0.8 V to 0.8 V. In addition, the fabricated symmetrical device shows an energy density (ED) of 43.47 Whkg−1 and a high-power density (PD) of 3129.84 Wkg−1. Besides, the NCQDs/PPy-2 shows a higher cycle life span with 77.82 % of capacitance retention and 97.04 % of coulombic efficiency even after 8000 charging and discharging cycles. These findings demonstrate that NCQDs/PPy-2 nanocomposite material is a highly prominent electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Design and development of diamond-shaped Silver-Trimesic acid based Metal-Organic framework for high-performance supercapacitor application

A metal–organic framework serves as one of the promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications due to its tunable porous structures. The concentration of silver salt and trimesic acid plays a vital role in the formation of the Ag-TA metal–organic framework. Herein, we successfully synthesized the orthorhombic crystal structured Ag-TA with high surface area which enhances the ions intercalation and deintercalation during charging/discharging process. The prepared material exhibits diamond shaped morphology with a large surface area of 106.569 m2 g−1. The Ag-TA electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacity of 917 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and also has excellent cycling stability of 90 % capacity retention with an efficiency of 99.8 % after 5000 cycles. In addition to that the asymmetric (Ag-TA//AC) supercapacitor device is constructed which delivers a maximum energy density of 77.46 W h kg−1 at a power density of 0.65 kW kg−1 and also exhibits a remarkable specific capacity of 408 C g−1 at 1 A/g with excellent capacity retention of 97 % of its initial capacity and 98.4 % of Coulombic efficiency. The results of this work suggest that the possibility of using pristine Ag-TA MOF serves as a suitable electrode material for supercapacitor application.

Design and development of porous CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy (Cantor alloy) with outstanding electrochemical properties

CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloys are among the most well-studied high entropy alloys that exhibit reasonable strength and outstanding ductility. In the present study, porous CoCrFeNiMn foams have been developed by the addition of copper in the base high entropy alloy by arc melting followed by its removal through an electrochemical dealloying process. Microstructure characterization of the as-cast samples confirmed limited solubility of copper in the matrix while the majority of the copper was found to segregate to interdendritic areas. Removal of copper from the interdendritic areas was successfully carried out by an electrochemical dealloying process which resulted in the development of foams with interconnected porosity. CoCrFeNiMn foams with different levels of porosities were successfully developed by varying the amount of added copper in the base HEA and its removal by a dealloying process. The electrochemical performance of the developed foams was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). One of the developed foams was found to exhibit an areal capacitance of 1.56 F cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 which is more than 2x times higher than the value reported for recently developed porous AlCoCrFeNi high entropy foam. Developed foam, besides showing excellent values of areal capacitance, demonstrated capacitance retention of 114.6% after 5000 cycles at 8 mA cm−2. The excellent electrochemical performance of the developed high entropy foams exhibits their potential to be used as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications and was attributed to the insertion of interconnected porosity in the base HEA.

Investigation of supercapacitor electrode performances of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide electrodes in various deep eutectic solvents and symmetric supercapacitor application

A one-step preparation method of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide electrode (P-GOE) was used as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. Phosphorus-doped graphene oxides were synthesized on pencil graphite electrodes in one step with easy, cheap, and non-toxic chemicals by using the chronoamperometric process. Electrochemical analyses were carried out to examine the capacitive behavior of the electrodes in different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) (choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG), choline chloride:urea (ChCl:U), choline chloride:phenol (ChCl:Ph)). The electrolytes used make research valuable because these electrolytes were environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and inexpensive. Electrodes were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates, charge-discharge test at different current densities, 1000-cycle galvanostatic charge-discharge test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Structural and morphological properties of the electrodes were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, and XPS. As a result of the characterization and electrochemical analysis, it was seen that the phosphorus doping to the electrodes were carried out successfully. The maximum areal capacitances of phosphorus-doped graphene oxide electrodes were calculated to be 450 mF.cm−2, 140 mF.cm−2, and 400 mF.cm−2 in electrolytes for supercapacitor applications. In this study, high-performance P-doped graphene oxide electrodes were produced with an easy method using inexpensive and non-toxic solvents, providing an important contribution as environmentally friendly and sustainable electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

Phosphorization Engineering on a MOF-Derived Metal Phosphide Heterostructure (Cu/Cu3P@NC) as an Electrode for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance.

A highly conductive and rationally constructed metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived metal phosphide with a carbonaceous nanostructure is a meticulous architecture toward the development of electrode materials for energy storage devices. Herein, we report a facile strategy to design and construct a new three-dimensional (3D) Cu-MOF via a solvent diffusion method at ambient temperature, which was authenticated by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, revealing a novel topology of (2,4,7)-connected three-nodal net named smm4. Nevertheless, the poor conductivity of pristine MOFs is a major bottleneck hindering their capacitance. To overcome this, we demonstrated an MOF-derived Cu3P/Cu@NC heterostructure via low-temperature phosphorization of Cu-MOF. The electronic and ionic diffusion kinetics in Cu3P/Cu@NC were improved due to the synergistic effects of the heterostructure. The as-prepared Cu3P/Cu@NC heterostructure electrode delivers a specific capacity of 540 C g-1 at 1 A g-1 with outstanding rate performance (190 C g-1 at 20 A g-1) and cycle stability (91% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles). Moreover, the assembled asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor (ASC) achieved a high energy density/power density of 45.5 Wh kg-1/7.98 kW kg-1 with a wide operating voltage (1.6 V). Long-term stable capacity retention (87.2%) was accomplished after 5000 cycles. These robust electrochemical performances suggest that the Cu3P/Cu@NC heterostructure is a suitable electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

ZnFe-MOF derived ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite as an electrode material for supercapacitor application

ZnFe-MOF derived ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite as an electrode material for supercapacitor application

Rice husk-derived sodium hydroxide activated hierarchical porous biochar as an efficient electrode material for supercapacitors

In this study, one-step pyrolysis technique and NaOH chemical activation method were used to synthesize hierarchical porous biochar from rice husk. The existence of carbonaceous structure in biochar samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Activation of NaOH in rice husk biochar (ARB) sample suggested seven-fold enhancement of BET specific surface area (307.42 m2 g−1) as compared to rice husk biochar (RB). The NaOH activation also provides the enhancement of specific capacitance in RB. The boosting of supercapacitors (SCs) performance of ARB was proved by a larger loop in cyclic voltammetry and triangular shape along with a longer discharge time in galvanostatic charge-discharge curves as compared to RB. The electrode revealed excellent cyclic stability up to 4000 cycles with 94% retention. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge-discharge curves showed evidence of electrode stability. The mechanisms related NaOH activation and enhancement of supercapacitor performance were well explained. These results suggest that NaOH treated RB could be promising low-cost electrode material for SCs application.

Activated carbon derived from oleander seeds supported ceria-zirconia mixed oxides for enhanced supercapacitive behaviour

Oxides of metals in combination with large surface area carbons have considered as a top contender for energy storage systems. In similar line, the present study explores the utilisation of a bi-metallic mixed oxide with activated carbon generated from biological sources as a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The combination of activated carbon synthesized from the seeds of an Oleander plant that is readily available in North-east India, and the bimetallic mixed oxide (ceria-zirconia) synthesized through a conventional co-precipitation process is observed to have a specific capacitance of 270 F/g (at 1 A/g) and cycling stability with 98 % retention of specific capacitance up to 10,000 cycles. The produced electrode materials were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All the analyses revealed that the synthesized materials have the potential to be used as supercapacitor electrodes.

Wrapped nanochain microstructures of Ni3V2O8 nanoparticles for supercapacitor applications using the hydrothermal method

With the improved microstructure, porosity, and surface area, bimetal oxides make excellent electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. Here, the hydrothermal method for different molar concentration ratios of Nickel and Vanadium sources was successfully used to synthesize the Ni3V2O8 microballs with a porous microstructure. At a current density of 3 mA/cm2, the electrode prepared at a Ni:V molar ratio of 1:0.5 exhibits excellent areal capacitance of 1.56 F/cm2. The Ni3V2O8//AC device is an asymmetrical one, delivering 6.6 mWh/cm2 energy density at 2.2 W/cm2 power densities while exhibiting an area capacitance of 39 mF/cm2 at 8 mA/cm2 current density. With a retention of 72 % for the most recent 5 K GCD cycles, the device exhibits excellent stability for use in practical applications over 5 k GCD cycles at 12 mA/cm2. This research offers a Ni3V2O8 microstructure that offers excellent areal capacitance for energy storage applications.

Electrochemical performance of hybrid spinel ferrite/carbon (NiFe2O4/C) nanocomposite derived from metal organic frameworks (MOF) as electrode material for supercapacitor application

Electrochemical performance of hybrid spinel ferrite/carbon (NiFe2O4/C) nanocomposite derived from metal organic frameworks (MOF) as electrode material for supercapacitor application

Graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of CoWO4 and CoWO4/MWCNT nanocomposites for highly efficient supercapacitor applications

Electrochemical supercapacitor is valid and as an innovative type of energy storage device in the recent years. In this study, we successfully produced the CoWO4 nanoparticles and CoWO4/MWCNT nanocomposites using a straightforward hydrothermal method and an annealing procedure. The created nanocomposites are evaluated using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the electrical conductivity is determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further, the specific capacitance is determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) techniques. Higher electrochemical behavior is exhibited by the CoWO4/MWCNT composite electrode, delivers the capacitance of 543 F/g at 5 mV/ s. The CoWO4/MWCNT composite electrode demonstrates the exceptional 93 % cycle stability and 98 % coloumbic efficiency, showing better ion storage behavior in their huge electroactive areas. A possible source of electrode materials for supercapacitor applications has been found in this CoWO4/MWCNT composite due to its charge-storing capabilities.

Preliminary Study of Utilizing Polyaniline as Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application: Juxtaposition of Electrochemical Performances

Polyaniline (PANI) were prepared via a one-step electrochemical polymerization method in 0.2 M aniline and 0.2 M dopants for supercapacitors (SCs) application. To determine the appropriate conditions and materials for SCs application, the type of substrate, scan rate, dopants, and electrolyte on PANI were varied. The PANI composite's potential to store energy was conducted and evaluated using cyclic voltammetry in a three-electrode setup. The PANI-carbon felt demonstrated the best electrochemical performance compared to other substrate namely carbon and stainless steel. It is found that utilising H2SO4 as both dopant and electrolyte results in high specific capacitance.

Optimization of ternary composite @PANI/MoO3/h-BN and its electrochemical evaluation as an electrode material for supercapacitor application

The rapid charge-discharge process, high power density and longer cycle life which supercapacitor possess paves way as an important energy storage device in the electronic technology sector. Fast expanding applications in electric vehicles and portable electronics demand high energy storage electrodes. The expansive applications of two dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanostructures accelerate usage in energy storage systems. Synthesis of Ternary composite consisting of polyaniline (PANI), h-BN (hexagonal boron nitride), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is reported with highest capacitance 518 F/g for PMB-135 composite at current density of 1 A/g. The highest energy density among all the composites was PMB-135 observed as 10.34 Wh/kg. This study with controlled size and uniformity may provide extensive self-attaining property for high performance energy storage materials.

Sm-MOF/rGO/PANI composite as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications

In recent years, scientists have been paying a lot of attention to metal-organic frameworks, often known as MOFs, as a possible material for use as electrodes in supercapacitors. MOFs are capable of functioning as high-quality pseudocapacitors because of their crystalline structure, which enhances the specific surface area and provide mechanical support for composite materials. The objective of this study is to synthesize an electrode material that can be used as supercapacitors by synthesizing Sm-MOF and then combining it with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polyaniline (PANI) to make a hybrid material. Here, the effect of incorporation of PANI and rGO in Sm-MOF is investigated, and its application as a supercapacitor is examined. Due to the high surface area and pore size, Sm-MOF/rGO/PANI material exhibits high specific capacitance. The computed specific capacitance of the composite Sm-MOF/rGO/PANI material is 1935.6 F g−1 when subjected to a current density of 1 A g−1. The Sm-MOF/rGO/PANI device is fabricated and exhibits a specific capacitance of 218 F g−1. The specific power and energy are calculated to be 59.3 Wh kg−1 and 581 W kg−1, respectively.

Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of porous carbon derived from sanitary pad waste for high performance in symmetric supercapacitor application

In recent years, the renewable energy storage system has attracted considerable attention from both industry and academia to address the ongoing global climate change. The waste derived porous materials gained attention as excellent electrode materials due to large specific area, good electrical conductivity to enhance ion transport and charge transfer. In this study, waste sanitary pad biomass has been successfully converted into carbon material through one-step simultaneous carbonization and activation by KOH. The as-prepared activated carbon at various temperatures was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. The prepared biomass derived activated carbon (SWAC 800) electrode, with a large surface area of 396.1 m2g−1 delivered high specific capacitance of 306 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 with excellent cyclic stability in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the SWAC 800 electrode in a symmetric supercapacitor was evaluated in 6 M KOH and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes. The neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte assist SWAC 800 symmetric supercapacitor device produce excellent energy density of 32.7 Wh.kg−1 in 1.6 V operating potential window. Overall the SWAC from renewable biowaste is prospective candidate for high performance electrode material for supercapacitor application.

Capacitive performance of electrode materials affected by the Cu2O template morphologies in graphene/polyaniline nanotube/ZIF-67 nanocages porous composite

Graphene/polyaniline nanotube/ZIF-67 nanocages (G/PANI-NT/Z) composites were successfully prepared in a co-precipitation manner and used as electrode material for supercapacitor application. ZIF-67 nanocages, including cube and hexapod, were designed via a simple and fast one-step Cu2O template etching route. The properties of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were perused by N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and electrochemical manners. In particular, the super-capacitive performance of the synthesized materials was perused by changing the morphology of the nanostructures. Results represent that the as-synthesized ZIF-67 nanocages maintain the shape and size of the Cu2O templates with a hollow, which depicts various capacitive demeanors. Amongst, the two morphologies, the G/PANI-NT/Z-hexapod (h) composite has a larger specific capacitance of 4400 mF g−1, while G/PANI-NT/Z-cubic (c) has a lower one of 3630 mF g−1 at 10 mA g−1 current density. This is mainly due to the presence of ZIF-67 nanocages with hexapod morphology and a larger surface area of 73.58 m2/g in the G/PANI-NT/Z-h composite, which leads to fast interfacial electron transfer and an increase in the diffusion rate of electrolyte ions for higher power density. This demonstrates G/PANI-NT/Z-h electrode is promising for applications in renewable energy storage.

Cobalt-doped tungsten suboxides for supercapacitor applications

A crucial hurdle in developing supercapacitors is the creation of metal oxides with nanoscale structures that possess improved chemically active surfaces, ion/charge transport kinetics, and minimized ion-diffusion pathways. A metal-doping strategy to produce oxygen vacancies and increase electrical conductivity has proven effective for designing high-performance materials for energy storage devices. Herein, cobalt-doped tungsten suboxide (Co-doped W18O49) is grown on carbon cloth (CC) using a solvothermal approach and used as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications for the first time. Through this strategy, structurally distorted W18O49 is obtained by detecting a more apparent amorphous area caused by forming more oxygen vacancies with the bending of the lattice fringes. Benefiting from the synergy of more oxygen vacancies, increased lattice spacing, a high specific surface area, and accelerated ion diffusion, the Co-doped W18O49/CC electrode achieves a specific capacity of 475 C g−1 (792 F g−1) at a current density of 1.0 A g−1, which is superior to that of the undoped W18O49/CC (259 C g−1, 432 F g−1) and among the highest reported to date. Interestingly, the asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled using Co-doped W18O49/CC//AC/CC can provide a high energy density of 35.0 Wh kg−1. This strategy proves that the distortion of the W18O49 structure by Co doping improves the ion storage performance and self-discharge behavior. Also, it can enhance the energy storage performance of other electrode materials.