Electrode Material For High-performance Supercapacitors Research Articles

Heterostructure of MnSe2@NiCo2Se4 as novel electrode material for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

For high-performance electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications, controllable nanoarchitecture arrays of the transition metal selenide on conductive substrates are attractive electrode materials. In this work, a heterostructure comprising of MnSe2 nanorods over NiCo2Se4 nanosheets with a large specific surface area is rationally generated on nickel foam (NF) substrate (MnSe2@NiCo2Se4) using a hydrothermal process. The formation mechanism of the MnSe2@NiCo2Se4 heterostructure was also examined by adjusting the selenium feeding during the selenization process. The MnSe2@NiCo2Se4-2 electrode exhibits remarkable capacitance (1078C g−1 at 1 A g−1), and superior cycle stability (90.7 % after 8000 cycles) as a result of the cooperative effect of MnSe2 and NiCo2Se4. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was developed employing the improved MnSe2@NiCo2Se4-2 and activated carbon materials (AC) as the positive electrode and negative electrode (MnSe2@NiCo2Se4-2//AC), respectively, which has a high energy density of 63.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 396 W kg−1. The impressive performance indicates that the MnSe2@NiCo2Se4 electrode has a bright potential in supercapacitors.

Chitosan derived porous carbon prepared by amino acid proton salt for high-performance quasi-state-solid supercapacitor

The electrode material and electrolyte are the major factors influencing the performance of supercapacitor, and they are the current research hotspots in this field. Herein, three chitosan (CS) based gel electrolytes were prepared by mixing CS with different acidity of amino acids (acidic, neutral and basic) proton salts. The CS/[Asp]NO3 gel film is prepared from aspartate nitrate proton salt ([Asp]NO3) formed by acid amino acid (aspartic acid, Asp) and CS exhibits superior mechanical property. This gel film can immerse in KOH or Na2SO4 solution directly and get alkaline and neutral gel electrolyte films. It possesses high ionic conductivity and excellent mechanical properties when used as gel electrolyte and separator in supercapacitor. Furthermore, the gel film can use as carbon precursor to prepare N-doped porous carbon (HN-HPCs). The as-prepared porous carbon exhibits large specific surface area (1599 m2 g−1), high micropore ratio (88%), hierarchical porous honeycomb structure and high N doping content (7.04 at%). The specific capacitance can reach up to 459 F g−1 in 6 M KOH. The assembled flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitor using HN-HPCs and prepared gel electrolyte exhibits high energy densities of 28.3 Wh kg−1. It demonstrates an efficient strategy to prepare CS based gel electrolyte and simultaneously use the gel to prepare high N doping and hierarchical porous carbon. This work will provide guidelines for designing high-performance electrode material and electrolyte for flexible supercapacitor.

Nanoporous Hollow Carbon Spheres Derived from Fullerene Assembly as Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors

The energy storage performances of supercapacitors are expected to be enhanced by the use of nanostructured hierarchically micro/mesoporous hollow carbon materials based on their ultra-high specific surface areas and rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions through the interconnected channels of their mesoporous structures. In this work, we report the electrochemical supercapacitance properties of hollow carbon spheres prepared by high-temperature carbonization of self-assembled fullerene-ethylenediamine hollow spheres (FE-HS). FE-HS, having an average external diameter of 290 nm, an internal diameter of 65 nm, and a wall thickness of 225 nm, were prepared by using the dynamic liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation (DLLIP) method at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. High temperature carbonization (at 700, 900, and 1100 °C) of the FE-HS yielded nanoporous (micro/mesoporous) hollow carbon spheres with large surface areas (612 to 1616 m2 g-1) and large pore volumes (0.925 to 1.346 cm3 g-1) dependent on the temperature applied. The sample obtained by carbonization of FE-HS at 900 °C (FE-HS_900) displayed optimum surface area and exhibited remarkable electrochemical electrical double-layer capacitance properties in aq. 1 M sulfuric acid due to its well-developed porosity, interconnected pore structure, and large surface area. For a three-electrode cell setup, a specific capacitance of 293 F g-1 at a 1 A g-1 current density, which is approximately 4 times greater than the specific capacitance of the starting material, FE-HS. The symmetric supercapacitor cell was assembled using FE-HS_900 and attained 164 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 with sustained 50% capacitance at 10 A g-1 accompanied by 96% cycle life and 98% coulombic efficiency after 10,000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. The results demonstrate the excellent potential of these fullerene assemblies in the fabrication of nanoporous carbon materials with the extensive surface areas required for high-performance energy storage supercapacitor applications.

Nanostructured Fe-substituted NiCo2O4@NiMnCo-LDH ternary composite as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors

Nanostructured Fe-substituted NiCo2O4@NiMnCo-LDH ternary composite as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors

CoNi bimetallic engineering on porous carbon for high energy density hybrid supercapacitors

Rationally designed, structurally stable, and high-capacity transition metal alloy decorated carbon composites have attracted considerable attention as electrode materials for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). A unique electrode material composed of mixed transition metals (Co and Ni) on fryums-derived porous carbon was synthesized using a facile one-step pyrolysis approach. The CoNi@C composite exhibited rich redox kinetics and good electrochemical performance in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte. In particular, the CoNi@C composite delivered a maximum specific capacity of 390 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 with good capacitance retention of 91 % over 5000 cycles. The gravimetric specific capacity of the CoNi@C composite was 1.3 times better than that of the single alloy composite. Moreover, the HSC fabricated with CoNi@C, and activated carbon electrodes exhibited a high energy density of 57.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 742 W kg−1 and good cycling stability with a low-capacity loss of 8 % after 5000 cycles. Utilizing high-voltage and energy density, the HSCs can power light-emitting diodes of different wavelengths, demonstrating its practical applicability in energy storage technologies. The structural verification of fryum-derived carbon revealed a good graphitization degree, ensuring its remarkable adaptability for device fabrication.

Formation of hierarchical core-shell hollow Co3S4@NiCo2S4 nanocages with enhanced performance for supercapacitor

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have sparked considerable interest as prospective metal precursors or sacrificial templates to design high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. Here Co3S4@NiCo2S4 nanocages supercapacitor electrode material with a dual-core layer hollow structure was successfully constructed through an appropriate ion-exchange strategy of MOFs and the subsequent vulcanization treatment. The specific capacitance of the Co3S4@NiCo2S4 electrode was up to 1202 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and could still attain 80% initial capacity at 10 A g−1. The integrated Co3S4@NiCo2S4//AC asymmetric supercapacitor achieved 58 Wh kg−1 of energy density at 750 W kg−1 of power density. The asymmetric supercapacitor retained 81.8% of its capacitance after 10,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. In this study, the individual nanostructure and excellent electrochemical properties of Co3S4@NiCo2S4 nanocages provide a rational strategy for developing high-energy-density supercapacitor electrode materials based on MOFs derivatives.

Fabrication of dual functional 3D-CeVO4/MWNT hybrid nanocomposite as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitor and L-Tryptophan detection

The development of a novel material with excellent properties for energy storage and sensors has been considered the best material to overcome the future energy demand and economic crisis. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) hybrid nanocomposite (3D-CeVO4/MWNT HNC) was fabricated based on; i) synthesis of cerium vanadate nanoparticles (CeVO4 NPs) through simple precipitation, and ii) successful inclusion of CeVO4 NPs on multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) by using ultrasonication approach. To reveal the physicochemical parameters of 3D-CeVO4/MWNT HNC, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and electrochemical techniques are utilized. As synthesized 3D-HNC possessed the specific features of both CeVO4 NPs and MWNT exhibits high electrocatalytic behavior due to its high surface area and conductivity. It has been more attractive for the application of energy storage and as an electrochemical sensor. 3D-CeVO4/MWNT HNC reveals high specific capacity value of 378 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 with long cycle life with 90.8% retention. Also, the proposed sensor shows a low detection limit of 0.07 μM and sensitivity of 20.71 µA µM−1 cm−2 with a dynamic linear range of 2-322.5 μM. Then the resulting sensor was also applied to detect the L-Trp in the real-time sample. Hence 3D-CeVO4/MWNT HNC could be a promising material for both applications of the electrochemical sensor and supercapacitor.

Ni-MOF derived NiO/Ni/r-GO nanocomposite as a novel electrode material for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor

Ni-MOF-derived NiO/Ni nanoparticles embedded on r-GO have been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by a calcination procedure (400 °C at Ar atmosphere) with different mass ratios of Ni-MOF and GO (1:0.1, 1:0.5, 1:1). The influence of GO addition with various mass ratios could enhance the electrochemical performance of Ni-MOF derived NiO/Ni electrode material. The mass ratio of (1:0.5) demonstrated the highest specific capacity (649.22 C g−1 at 3 A g−1) and maintained 81.1 % of its initial capacity value after 5000 cycles at 20 A g−1. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) with Ni-MOF derived NiO/Ni/r-GO composite and r-GO as the anode and cathode also displayed outstanding electrochemical performance. The value of maximum energy density reached 39.59 W h kg−1 and the maximum power density of 4.136 kW kg−1 with 85 % capacity retention. All these results confirmed that the MOF-derived NiO/Ni/rGO composite can be a potential electrode material for supercapacitors.

NiO/g-C3N4/PANI/Ni-metal-organic framework composite for high-energy supercapacitor electrodes

This work is prioritized in tuning the capacitive performance of nanostructured nickel-metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) as a high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors. The enhancement in performance is conducted by choosing a material combination that includes a metal oxide, carbonaceous, and conductive polymer comprising nickel oxide/graphitic carbon nitride/polyaniline. The material coupling is carried out by a simple reflux method using benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid as an organic ligand. Various characterization tools are used to confirm structural, chemical, electronic, thermal, and morphological properties. The tuned quaternary composite, nickel oxide/graphitic carbon nitride/polyaniline/Ni-MOF, exhibited a battery-type storage mechanism delivering a high specific capacitance (specific capacity) of 2,420 F/g (584 mAh/g) at the current density of 5 A/g, with a specific capacitance retention ability of 75% at 20 A/g. A kinetic study using a rotational disk electrode is carried out, and the highest diffusion coefficient of 8.64 × 10−9 cm2/s is obtained. In the fabrication supercapacitor, the quaternary composite delivered an energy density of 31.3 Wh/kg at a power density of 1,491 W/kg. It was found to be 1.5 times more than the ternary-based supercapacitor. Finally, stability tests were carried out, and the fabricated supercapacitors reached 99.5% stability even after 3,000 charges and discharges. For practical application demonstration, Swagelok cells are manufactured and charged to glow with different color light-emitting diode lights. This work brings a clear path to developing MOF-based composites for high-energy storage applications.

In Situ Growth of Ni-MOF Nanorods Array on Ti3C2Tx Nanosheets for Supercapacitive Electrodes.

For the energy supply of smart and portable equipment, high performance supercapacitor electrode materials are drawing more and more concerns. Conductive Ni-MOF is a class of materials with higher conductivity compared with traditional MOFs, but it continues to lack stability. Specifically, MXene (Ti3C2Tx) has been employed as an electrochemical substrate for its high mechanical stability and abundant active sites, which can be combined with MOFs to improve its electrochemical performance. In this paper, a novel Ni-MOF nanorods array/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite was prepared via a facile hydrothermal reaction, which makes good use of the advantages of conductive Ni-MOF and high strength Ti3C2Tx. The high density forest-like Ni-MOF array in situ grown on the surface of Ti3C2Tx can provide abundant active electrochemical sites and construct a pathway for effective ion transport. The formation of a "Ti-O···Ni" bond accomplished during an in situ growth reaction endows the strong interfacial interaction between Ni-MOF and Ti3C2Tx. As a result, the Ni-MOF/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite can achieve a high specific capacitance of 497.6 F·g-1 at 0.5 A·g-1 and remain over 66% of the initial capacitance when the current density increases five times. In addition, the influence of the Ti3C2Tx concentration and reaction time on the morphology and performance of the resultant products were also investigated, leading to a good understanding of the formation process of the nanocomposite and the electrochemical mechanism for a supercapacitive reaction.

TiO2/C aerogel composites as high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors

[Formula: see text]/C aerogel composites are primarily composed of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) and low-cost commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles. These composites are synthesized through a simple process of freeze-drying and high-temperature carbonization under inert gas protection. [Formula: see text] nanoparticles in the [Formula: see text]/C aerogel composites produce partial oxygen vacancies by high-temperature treatment under anoxic conditions which is beneficial to increase the carrier density of the material. Electrochemical characterizations confirm the excellent specific capacitance, which reaches a maximum of 250 F [Formula: see text] at a current density of 0.2 A [Formula: see text]. Moreover, after 5000 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 10 A [Formula: see text], capacitance retention can be up to 98% or more. These properties are attributed to a synergistic effect of electrical double layer capacitance and pseudo-capacitance.

Nitrogen and sulfur-codoped porous carbon derived from zein/poly(ionic liquid) complexes as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor

Nitrogen and sulfur-codoped porous carbon derived from zein/poly(ionic liquid) complexes as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor

Efficient Oxygen Doping of Graphitic Carbon Nitride by Green Microwave Irradiation for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Material

A highly efficient microwave irradiation method was employed for doping oxygen into the g-C3N4 framework using H2O2, which entailed 10 min compared to energy- and time-intensive calcination and hydrothermal methods. HR-XPS revealed that O doping preferentially occurred through replacement of two coordinated N atoms of the triazine units. The effects of the ensuing electronic structure modulation were investigated with electrochemical tests where the metal-free catalyst displayed a specific capacitance of 262.5 F/g at a 1 A/g current density and a satisfactory capacitance retention of 73.17% at 6 A/g after 2000 cycles, which is comparable to those of various metals containing g-C3N4-based catalysts. The designed asymmetric supercapacitor device revealed a specific energy of 36.45 Wh/kg at a specific power of 2.5 kW/kg. The microwave-irradiated O-doped g-C3N4 showed an 8-fold increase in specific capacitance compared with bulk g-C3N4 in both CV and GCD analyses. The improved surface structure and O content enhanced the electrode–electrolyte contact area, thus making ion transfer highly efficient for EDLCs. These results also opened the potential of microwave-synthesized O-doped g-C3N4 as a base material for designing binary and ternary electrode materials.

Synthesis of organic hybrid ruthenium oxide nanoparticles for high-performance supercapacitors

Ruthenium oxide has long been considered as an excellent pseudocapacitive electrode material with high specific capacitance and high energy density, but suffers from poor electrochemical stability. In this work, the capacitive performance and electrochemical stability of RuO2 are significantly enhanced by applying hybrid RuO2 materials, which are prepared by precipitation reaction using RuCl3 in the presence of polyhydroxy organic molecules. RuO2 wrapped by sorbitol and tween is defined as RuO2@S+T, and by glucose and tween is defined as RuO2@G+T. It is shown that the specific capacitances of RuO2@S+T and RuO2@G+T at 1 A g−1 are 1865.7 and 1792.0 F g−1, much larger than the 602.6 F g−1 of pristine RuO2. The improvement in electrochemical stability is also evident, with the capacitance retention of 93.9% and 90.2% for RuO2@S+T and RuO2@G+T, respectively, after 8000 charging-discharging cycles, which is much more stable than the 30.2% for pristine RuO2. This improvement can be attributed to the small size and uniform distribution of RuO2@S+T and RuO2@G+T nanoparticles that facilitate proton and electron transfer, as well as the surrounding organic molecules that can stabilize RuO2 structure and also facilitate proton transfer. The hybrid RuO2 material used in this work could be extended to design and invent stable electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors.

Carbon-Shielded Selenium-Rich Trimetallic Selenides as Advanced Electrode Material for Durable Li-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors.

In order to achieve a sustainable future, researchers must continue to research improved electrode materials. Considering the high electronic conductivity, versatile redox activity, and enhanced energy storage performance, nanostructures have been employed as a novel electrode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors. Herein, carbon-coated selenium-rich trimetallic selenide (Cu2 NiSnSe4 @C) nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient electrode material in energy storage devices are prepared. The prepared core-shell Cu2 NiSnSe4 @C NPs electrode is employed as ananode material for LIBs, which demonstrated a high reversible specific capacity of 988.46mA h g-1 over 100 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 with good rate capability. Additionally, the core-shell Cu2 NiSnSe4 @C NPs electrode exhibited an outstanding capacity of 202.5mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1 even after 10 000 cycles. Exploiting the synergistic characteristics, the core-shell Cu2 NiSnSe4 @C NPs material is also investigated as a battery-type electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor with Cu2 NiSnSe4 @C NPs and activated carbon showed excellent rate capability including high power (5597.77W kg-1 ) and energy (64.26Wh kg-1 ) densities. Considering the simple synthesis and enhanced energy storage properties, carbon-coated selenium-rich trimetallic selenide can be used as a durable electrode material for practical energy storage devices.

Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Functionalization of Nanostructured Carbon Spheres for Energy Storage Applications

The development of energy storage devices providing high energy and power densities and long-term stability will play an important role in the future utilization of sustainable energy sources. Numerous efforts have been devoted to achieving these requirements, especially the design of advanced electrode materials. For this reason, there is growing interest in the innovation of new carbon-based materials with enhanced electrochemical performance. Nanostructured carbon spheres (CSs) have attracted significant attention due to their prominent properties, such as high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, tunable porosity, and surface functionality. This review offers a comprehensive overview into the recent advances of nanostructured CSs within the last five years, focusing on synthetic strategies for producing carbon particles with precisely controlled morphologies and interior structures, as well as the potential applications of these particles as high-performance electrode materials in rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. The challenges and perspectives on future research directions are highlighted, focusing on the controlled synthesis and functionalization of nanostructured CSs with tunable structures and properties that are well-suited to practical applications. This review is intended to serve as a helpful resource to researchers involved in the fabrication of new CS materials and the development of methods to control their structure and morphology.

Polyaniline-modified graphitic carbon nitride as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors

Polyaniline-modified graphitic carbon nitride as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors

Direct growth of AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2 on nickel foam as a porous electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors

In this study, an AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2 composite with nanoflower structure is synthesized in situ on a nickel foam by three-step hydrothermal method. The thickness of the sample can be controlled by the time of hydrothermal reaction. AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2 with excellent electrochemical properties is attributed to the fact that the ultrathin nanoflower structure provides a large number of electrochemical active sites in the electrochemical reaction process, good electrical conductivity and synergy between multiple components. AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2 possesses superior electrochemical properties with a maximum specific capacity of 1034.52 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The assembled AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2//AC hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device achieves a maximum energy density of 48.99 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1, and excellent cycle stability with about 90.6% capacitance retention after continual charge/discharge of 3000 cycles. The supercapacitor prepared in this study has potential application prospect in high efficiency energy storage devices.

Evaluation of nanostructured electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors using multiple-criteria decision-making approach

<abstract> <p>The enhancement of electrode materials' properties for improving mercantile supercapacitors' performances is a remarkable research area. Throughout recent years, a significant amount of research has been devoted to improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors via the improvement of novel electrode materials. The nanocomposite structure provides a greater specific surface area (SSA) and lower ion/electron diffusion tracks, consequently enhancing supercapacitors' energy density and specific capacitance. These significant properties offer a wide range of potential for the electrode materials to be applied in diverse applications. For instance, their applications are in portable electronic systems such as all-solid-state supercapacitors, flexible/transparent supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors. The authors of this paper introduced a multi-criteria model to assess the priority of nanostructured electrode materials (NEMs) for high-performance supercapacitors (HPSCs). This work combines Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) methods. Herein, the rough concept addresses the uncertainties resulting from the group decision-making process and the vague values of the properties of the NEMs. The modified R-AHP method was employed to find the criteria weights based on the multi-experts' opinions. The results reveal that specific capacitance (SC) and energy density (ED) are the most important criteria. R-AHP was integrated with R-EDAS and R-GRA models to evaluate the fourteen NEMs. The results of the R-EDAS method were compared with those provided by the R-GRA method. The results of the proposed integrated approach confirmed that it results in reliable and reputable ranks that will provide a framework for further applications and help physicists find optimal materials by evaluating various alternatives.</p> </abstract>

Recent advancements in zero- to three-dimensional carbon networks with a two-dimensional electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors have gained significant attention owing to their exceptional performance in terms of energy density and power density, making them suitable for various applications, such as mobile devices, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems. This review focuses on recent advancements in the utilization of 0-dimensional to 3-dimensional carbon network materials as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitor devices. This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of carbon-based materials in enhancing the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. The combination of these materials with other cutting-edge materials, such as Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs), MXenes, Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Black Phosphorus (BP), and perovskite nanoarchitectures, has been extensively studied to achieve a wide operating potential window. The combination of these materials synchronizes their different charge-storage mechanisms to attain practical and realistic applications. The findings of this review indicate that hybrid composite electrodes with 3D structures exhibit the best potential in terms of overall electrochemical performance. However, this field faces several challenges and promising research directions. This study aimed to highlight these challenges and provide insights into the potential of carbon-based materials in supercapacitor applications.