Electrochemiluminescence Platform Research Articles

CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated electrochemiluminescence platform for environmental and human serum SARS-CoV-2 RNA monitoring using a self-enhanced ruthenium complex linked to zeolitic imidazole framework-8

Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using self-enhancing ruthenium compounds attached to ZIF-8 and CRISPR–Cas12a trans-cleavage properties.

Electrochemiluminescent nanostructured DNA biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection.

This work focuses on the development of an electrochemiluminescent nanostructured DNA biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Gold nanomaterials (AuNMs), specifically, a mixture of gold nanotriangles (AuNTs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), are used to modified disposable electrodes that serve as an improved nanostructured electrochemiluminescent platform for DNA detection. Carbon nanodots (CDs), prepared by green chemistry, are used as coreactants agents in the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and the hybridization is detected by changes in the ECL signal of [Ru(bpy)3]2+/CDs in combination with AuNMs nanostructures. The biosensor is shown to detect a DNA sequence corresponding to SARS-CoV-2 with a detection limit of 514 aM.

Erratum to “A Portable 3-D Printed Electrochemiluminescence Platform With Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Point-of-Care Multiplexed Analysis With Smartphone-Based Read Out”

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Electrochemiluminescence Sensors based on Lanthanide Nanomaterials as Modifiers

Background: The rapid and increasing use of the nanomaterials in the development of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors is a significant area of study for its massive potential in the practical application of nanosensor fabrication. Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely applied in vast majority of ECL studies to remarkably amplify signals owing to their excellent conductivity, large surface area and sometimes catalytic activity. Lanthanides, as f-block-based elements, possess remarkable chemical and physical properties. This review covers the use of lanthanide NMs, focusing on their use in ECL for signal amplification in sensing applications. &lt;p&gt; Methods: We present the recent advances in ECL nanomaterials including lanthanides NMs with a particular emphasis on Ce, Sm, Eu and Yb. We introduce their properties along with applications in different ECL sensors. A major focus is placed upon numerous research strategies for addressing the signal amplification with lanthanide NMs in ECL. &lt;p&gt; Results: Lanthanide NMs as the amplification element can provide an ideal ECL platform for enhancing the signal of a sensor due to their chemical and physical properties. Function of lanthanide NMs on signal amplification remarkably depend on their large surface area to load sufficient signal molecules, high conductivity to promote electron-transfer reaction. &lt;p&gt; Conclusion: ECL as a powerful analytical technique has been widely used in various aspects. As the development of the nanotechnology and nanoscience, lanthanide nanomaterials have shown the remarkable advantages in analytical applications due to their significant physical and chemical properties. We predict that in the future, the demand for ECL sensors will be high due to their potential in a diverse range of applications. Also, we expect the research in nanomaterial-based sensors will still continue intensively and eventually become effectively routine analysis tools that could meet various challenges.

Ultrasensitive near-infrared aptasensor for enrofloxacin detection based on wavelength tunable AgBr nanocrystals electrochemiluminescence emission triggered by O-terminated Ti3C2 MXene

Toxic-free and easily accessible electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter/luminophore with near-infrared (NIR) emission is highly anticipated for ECL biosensor evolution. In this study, well-dispersed AgBr nanocrystals (NCs) decorated Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposites (Ti3C2–AgBrNCs) were prepared using a simple wet chemical technique and demonstrated highly efficient NIR ECL emission. For the first time, Ti3C2–AgBrNCs displayed wavelength-tunable ECL emission with varied Ti3C2 contents. Interestingly, further experimental data revealed that the ECL emission wavelength of Ti3C2–AgBrNCs red-shifted from 550 to 665 nm as Ti3C2 content increased, which can be attributed to the surface-defect effect generated by the oxygen-containing functional groups in Ti3C2 MXene. In particular, the ECL emission at 665 nm of Ti3C2–AgBrNCs nanocomposites not only revealed a 3.5 times increased ECL intensity but also a more stable ECL signal compared to pure AgBr NCs. As a proof of concept, a direct-type NIR ECL aptasensor with signal-on strategy was constructed with the Ti3C2–AgBrNCs nanocomposites as an ECL platform and enrofloxacin (ENR) as a model analyte. The NIR ECL aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity, a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10−12 mol/L to 1.0 × 10−6 mol/L and a low detection limit (5.97 × 10−13 mol/L). This research offered a viable alternative way for producing toxic-free and efficient near-infrared ECL luminophores in bioanalysis and wavelength-tuning light-emitting devices.

A brief review on miniaturized electrochemiluminescence devices: From fabrication to applications

Miniaturized electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems are widely recognized as a highly detection, user-friendly, and turnkey strategy to develop point-of-care-testing devices. The ECL sensing approach provides numerous advantages over other methods, including high signal-to-noise ratio and measurement with minimal or no background signal. The ECL signal can be easily controlled by a small external potential while providing high sensitivity and decreased electrode fouling, resulting in the use of ECL-based miniaturized systems for detection and monitoring of different analytes, including DNA and bacteria. In this work, different types of miniaturized ECL systems with various fabrication techniques are reviewed and their application in point-of-care-testing is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, such ECL platforms have been summarized based on the type of the ECL mechanism, electrodes, range of detection, and limit of detection. Finally, some of the upcoming technological interventions to make such a miniaturized ECL platform amenable for portable and on-field analysis have been discussed.

Vertically Ordered Mesoporous Silica-Nanochannel Film-Equipped Three-Dimensional Macroporous Graphene as Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Platform.

Three-dimensional (3D) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform with high sensitivity and good anti-fouling is highly desirable for direct and sensitive analysis of complex samples. Herein, a novel ECL-sensing platform is demonstrated based on the equipment of vertically ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel films (VMSF) on monolithic and macroporous 3D graphene (3DG). Through electrografting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) onto 3DG as molecular glue, VMSF grown by electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method fully covers 3DG surface and displays high stability. The developed VMSF/APTES/3DG sensor exhibits highly sensitized ECL response of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium (Ru (bpy)3 2+) taking advantages of the unique characteristics of 3DG (high active area and conductivity) and VMSF nanochannels (strong electrostatic enrichment). The VMSF/APTES/3DG sensor is applied to sensitively detect an important environmental pollutant (4-chlorophenol, with limit of detection or LOD of 30.3 nM) in term of its quenching effect (ECL signal-off mode) toward ECL of Ru (bpy)3 2+/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA). The VMSF/APTES/3DG sensor can also sensitively detect the most effective antihistamines chlorpheniramine (with LOD of 430 nM) using ECL signal-on mode because it acts as co-reactant to promote the ECL of Ru (bpy)3 2+. Combined with the excellent antifouling ability of VMSF, the sensor can also realize the analysis of actual environmental (lake water) and pharmaceutical (pharmacy tablet) samples. The proposed 3D ECL sensor may open new avenues to develop highly sensitive ECL-sensing platform.

High Humoral Response after Anti-Sars-Cov-2 mRNA-Based Vaccines in Patients with Active Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Relationship with Disease Status/Line of Therapy

High Humoral Response after Anti-Sars-Cov-2 mRNA-Based Vaccines in Patients with Active Multiple Myeloma (MM) and Relationship with Disease Status/Line of Therapy

One-pot synthesis of ZnO quantum dots/N-doped Ti3C2 MXene: Tunable nitrogen-doping properties and efficient electrochemiluminescence sensing

Nitrogen doping has been proven to be a facile modification strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of 2D MXenes, and thus broaden the potential of MXene-based materials in electrochemistry. Herein, a unique 0D/2D heterostructure of ZnO quantum dots (QDs) decorated nitrogen-doped Ti3C2 MXene (ZnO/N-Ti3C2) with high nitrogen-doping level has been designed and prepared using glycine as N precursor via a facile thermal treatment. During the synthesis process, Ti3C2 MXene matrix acted as an important role to confine the nucleation and growth of ZnO QDs, and thus resulted in the well-dispersed ZnO QDs of 2 ∼ 5 nm on the surface of MXene. Meanwhile, the nitrogen-doping level of Ti3C2 MXene in the composites can be simply tuned from 1.52 wt% to 5.43 wt% by adjusting the amount of glycine. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the increasing doping contents in Ti3C2 MXene could boost the Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performances, which might be attributed to that more nitrogen contents were beneficial for accelerating electron transfer and decreasing the barrier of ZnO QDs reduction. Remarkably, ECL testing of the ZnO/N-Ti3C2 with 5.43 wt% N revealed that the ECL intensity enhanced by 2.8-fold and the ECL onset potential increased for about 250 mV than those of ZnO QDs/undoped Ti3C2 MXene. By using the resultant ZnO/N-Ti3C2 nanocomposites as an efficient ECL platform, a novel ECL sensor was constructed for sensitive and selective detection of chloramphenicol, which displayed a wide linear range (0.1 ng/mL ∼ 100 ng/mL), a low detection limit (0.019 ng/mL) and high stability.

MicroRNA-Triggered Deconstruction of Field-Free Spherical Nucleic Acid as an Electrochemiluminescence Biosensing Switch.

Herein, a new field-free and highly ordered spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanostructure was self-assembled directly by ferrocene (Fc)-labeled DNA tweezers and DNA linkers based on the Watson-Crick base pairing rule, which was employed as an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) quenching switch with improved recognition efficiency due to the high local concentration of the ordered nanostructure. Moreover, with a collaborative strategy combined with the advantages of both self-accelerated approach and pore confinement-enhanced ECL effect, the mesoporous silica nanospheres (mSiO2 NSs) were prepared to be filled with rubrene (Rub) as ECL emitters and Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) as coreaction accelerators (Rub-Pt@mSiO2 NSs), which demonstrated high ECL response in the aqueous media (dissolved O2 as coreactant). When the SNA nanostructure was immobilized on the Rub-Pt@mSiO2 NSs-modified electrode, it presented a "signal off" state owing to the quenching effect of the Fc molecules. As a proof of concept, the SNA-based ECL switch platform was applied in the detection of microRNA let-7b (let-7b). Impressively, in the presence of the target let-7b, a deconstruction of the SNA nanostructure was actuated, causing the Fc to leave the electrode surface and achieved an extremely high ECL recovery ("signal on" state). Hence, a sensitive determination for let-7b was realized with a low detection limit of 1.8 aM ranging from 10 aM to 1 nM by employing the Rub-Pt@mSiO2 NSs-based ECL platform combined with the target-triggered SNA deconstruction, which also offered an ingenious method for the further applications of biomarker analyses.

In-situ monitoring of cell-secreted lactate by electrochemiluminescence sensing under biomimetic microfluidic confinement

Cell migration proceeds in 3D matrices in vivo, which can naturally switch to distinct phenotypes for better invasion in confined microenvironments. The studies of important metabolites under confinement are extremely meaningful for comprehensive insights into cancer metastasis. The integration of cell confinement device and analytical techniques is a key point for in-situ analysis of significant metabolites in vitro. Herein, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing platform was designed for in-situ monitoring of cell-secreted lactate in highly confined microenvironments. The 3-µm confiner was exactly fabricated via microfabrication and microfluidics technique, and cells in high confinement and low adhesion tended to be round with contractile blebs on cell margins. Significantly, in-situ monitoring of lactate was successfully achieved on the ECL platform with the catalysis of lactate oxidase, in which the levels in different time intervals were acquired in the luminol-hydrogen peroxide system. Furthermore, the results were verified by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology, which showed similar fluctuations with the ECL platform. This system offered an available avenue for metabolites analysis in highly confined microenvironments, which may advance deeper insights into metabolic mechanisms of cancer metastasis

Self-Photocatalysis Boosted Electrochemiluminescence Signal Amplification via In Situ Generation of the Coreactant.

The classic luminol-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform generally suffers from self-decomposition of the coreactant (i.e., H2O2) during the reaction process, seriously hampering the luminous signal stability, as well as its practical application. To address this issue, apart from the introduction of complex exogenous species, preoxidation of the luminophore, and electrocatalysis for ECL signal amplification, we proposed a novel ECL model to realize the signal enhancement via in situ self-photocatalytic generation of the coreactant H2O2. Interestingly, the luminescence of luminol was simultaneously utilized as the light source to promote the conversation of O2 to H2O2 with the assistance of the photocatalyst resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, which could further improve the luminescence of luminol in turn. In comparison with the traditional case, this new ECL model not only exhibited obvious signal amplification but also efficiently boosted its stability of signal output. To sum up, an exogenous coreactant-free, highly stable ECL platform was obtained via simply integrating the photocatalyst RF and the luminol-based system. This work will not only inspire the design of a new integrated ECL system with a coreactant translator but also provide an ingenious insight for the construction of a new generation of ECL models.

Multiplex immunoassay to measure antibody response to nine HPV vaccine types

Well-characterized HPV serology assays are required to evaluate performance of biosimilar candidate vaccines, reduced dosing schedules and novel administration methods. We report characterization of an expanded assay, M9ELISA, that detects antibodies to HPV virus-like particles (VLP) of nine types using direct IgG ELISA on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) electrochemiluminescence platform. The method is based on the previously published M4ELISA which detects antibodies to HPV6,11,16, and 18. It has been modified to add detection of antibodies to HPV31,33,45,52 and 58, and to streamline assay and reduce background.The M9ELISA plates were prepared with purified type specific L1 + L2 VLPs coated on 10-spot/well standard MSD microplates. Results of ELISA on three serial dilutions of serum were read on MSD imager, and titers calculated using the parallel line method. Evaluations included dynamic range, assay reproducibility, and stability over time. We compared M9ELISA results to those from a pseudovirion-based neutralization assay in sera from a mixed cohort of unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals (n = ~116) and to competitive Luminex immunoassay (cLIA) results in sera from a predominantly unvaccinated cohort (n = 4426).The linear range of the assay extended over 5 logs, with inter-assay reproducibility coefficient of variation ≤25% for all types. The pre-coated plates were stable for at least 2 years. Spearman correlation of antibody titers showed excellent correlation with PBNA (r = 0.86–0.97) and moderate correlation (r = 0.52–0.68) with cLIA. Thus, the M9ELISA can serve as a useful platform for high-throughput, sensitive and simultaneous quantitation of the antibody responses to nine HPV vaccine types.

Highly selective electrochemiluminescence aptasensor coupled with mesoporous Fe3O4@Cu@Cu2O as co-reaction accelerator for ATP assay based on target-triggered emitter release

For most of the sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensors, the probe molecules often need complex chemical modification to the aptamer or target. Herein, a novel and facile ECL platform was fabricated to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP), based on the target-triggered DNA conformation change and emitter release. Concretely, the luminophore, [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+, was anchored on single strand DNA owing to its extended aromatic structure and the electrostatic attraction. Benefiting from this model, sophisticated chemical labeling was avoided. Additionally, mesoporous Fe3O4@Cu@Cu2O nanocomposite was synthesized as the substrate to load plenty of ATP aptamers, and for the first time, it was used to expedite the oxidation of co-reactant TEA, achieving abundant cation radicals (TEA+) and enhanced ECL signal. As a function of relative ATP concentration, changes in ECL intensity, was further studied, where a favorable linear range from 0.5 nmol/L to 2500 nmol/L was obtained with a low detection limit of 0.17 nmol/L. On account of the abovementioned points, this proposed ECL aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity and excellent specificity. These results demonstrate that the present platform may open a window to develop versatile implement for biomolecules detection in clinical diagnosis and bioanalysis.

All-sealed paper-based electrochemiluminescence platform for on-site determination of lead ions

Lab-on-paper (LOP) devices are urgently required for the rapid development of point-of-care diagnoses and environmental assays. Herein, an all-sealed paper-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform was developed to achieve lead ions (Pb2+) sensitive analysis via incorporating convenient plastic package technology. Benefiting from transparent plastic encapsulation, the sealed devices effectively avoided the interference of O2. Meanwhile, myrica rubra-like Pt nanomaterials (MPNs) prepared by an economical and easy-to-operate ultrasound method were employed to catalyze H2O2 decomposition. With the help of Pb2+-specific DNAzymes, the oligonucleotide probe functionalized via MPNs could be detached from the device in the presence of target, resulting in the reduced ECL intensity. Moreover, the combination of modified paper electrode with functional regions separated by multiple layers of wax enhanced the practicability of the LOP device for rapid detection. Under the optimal conditions, the all-sealed platform achieved wide linear relationship ranging from 0.01 nM to 0.05 μM with a low detection limit of 0.004 nM for sensitive detecting Pb2+. It is believed that this platform could provide a robust, simple and versatile strategy for sensitive determination of heavy metal ions, and be applied in on-site contamination analysis in the future.

Ultrasensitive all-solid-state electrochemiluminescence platform for kanamycin detection based on the pore confinement effect of 0D g-C3N4 quantum dots/3D graphene hydrogel

Quests for stable and highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters and a full understanding of the relation between the ECL emitter structure and its properties are a continual and active theme in the fields of ECL. In this work, an intense and stable ECL platform was achieved by encapsulating 0D graphite carbon nitride quantum dots (g-C3N4 QDs) into 3D graphene hydrogel via a facile hydrothermal approach. The architectures of the as-fabricated 0D g-C3N4 QDs/3D graphene hydrogel nanocomposites showed 4.3-fold ECL intensity relative to that of pure g-C3N4. This phenomenon was caused by a pore confinement effect, which could increase the electrochemical reaction efficiency because the pore channels could promote electron transfer and mass transport. The confinement effect could also localise a very large luminophore near the electrode surface, resulting in enhanced ECL emission. Moreover, the as-fabricated architecture ensured the stability of the g-C3N4 QDs in the ECL field due to the increased dispersibility. On the basis of the excellent ECL performances, a novel ECL biosensor was fabricated for highly selective and sensitive detection of kanamycin (KAN) with the assistance of an aptamer. The proposed ECL sensor can quantify KAN from 1 pM to 50 nM with a limit of detection of 0.33 pM. Such work offers an efficient design idea for achieving a high-performance ECL platform and provides new insight into developing and applying a g-C3N4-based ECL system.

Bifunctional Moderator-Powered Ratiometric Electrochemiluminescence Enzymatic Biosensors for Detecting Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Dual-Signal Combined Nanoprobes.

The bifunctional moderator is urgently needed in the field of ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing since it can mediate simultaneously two ECL signals to conveniently realize their opposite change trend. This work designed a novel dual-signal combined nanoprobe with carboxyl-functionalized poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1',3}-thiadazole)] nanoparticles (c-PFBT NPs) as the anodic ECL probe and L-cysteine capped CdS quantum dots (L-CdS QDs) as the cathodic ECL probe, which performed a dual-signal output capability without any additional coreactants. More importantly, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced in situ by enzyme-catalyzed reaction was developed as a bifunctional moderator for simultaneously regulating two signals. The dual-signal combined nanoprobe (c-PFBT NPs@CdS QDs) served as the matrix to immobilize acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase for organophosphorus (OPs) analysis. In the absence of OPs, H2O2 was produced by catalyzing the substrate acetylthiocholine (ATCl) with enzymes and it quenched the anodic ECL signal from c-PFBT NPs and simultaneously promoted the cathodic ECL signal from L-CdS QDs. When OPs was present, the activity of AChE was inhibited, the anodic signal would increase, and the cathodic signal would accordingly decrease. The integration of the bifunctional moderator H2O2 and dual-signal combined nanoprobe c-PFBT NPs@CdS QDs not only provides an attractive ECL platform for enzymatic sensing involving the generation or consumption of H2O2 but also paves a new pathway for other ratiometric ECL systems involving enzyme catalytic amplification for detecting antigens, antibodies, DNA, RNA, etc.

A Solid‐State Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Based on Novel Two‐Dimensional Ti3C2 MXene

AbstractHerein, highly conductive MXene‐Ti3C2 was employed as effective nanocarriers for anchoring electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophore of Ru(bpy)32+ (Ti3C2−Ru). Different from the previous work, the Ti3C2−Ru composite was achieved in several seconds due to the electrostatic interaction between positively charged Ru(bpy)32+ and negatively charged Ti3C2. A series of characterizations indicated the successful formation of Ti3C2−Ru. Then, the solid‐state ECL platform was constructed with the assistance of membrane material, Nafion. The introduction of Ti3C2 with large surface area provided a rapid strategy for capturing luminophore of Ru(bpy)32+ and endowed the solid‐state platform with good electron transfer capacity owing to the super conductivity. Based on the stable loading of Ru(bpy)32+, the as‐designed platform was successfully used for the analysis of lidocaine and the satisfied analytical results were obtained in human plasma. More importantly, the proposed approach not only enriched the application of Ti3C2 in the sensing field, but also shed light on the label‐free ECL bioanalysis.

“Signal-on” molecularly imprinting-aptamer electrochemiluminescence platform for ultrasensitive detection of thrombin

A novel “signal-on” molecular imprinting-aptamer electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform is designed for ultrasensitive bioanalysis of thrombin (TB) based on the SiO2 loaded with Ru(bpy)32+/polyetherimide-graphene oxide (RuNP/PEI-GO) nanocomposite as signal labels. Specifically, “signal-on” ECL sensing strategy and molecular imprinting technology is combined together to fabricate sensing platform. The nanocavity corresponding to TB produced by molecular imprinting can be used for multiple specific recognition of TB together with aptamers. Moreover, high-quality ECL nanocomposite luminophore is achieved by means of RuNP/PEI-GO nanocomposite with significant ECL efficiency and stability. Simultaneously, PEI, as a co-reaction, can shorten the electron-transfer path of this ECL system to reduce the energy loss, resulting in the enhancement of ECL signal effectively. ECL signal strength of RuNP/PEI-GO is about 7 times higher than that of RuNP due to the synergy effect of PEI, GO and RuNP, thus further expanding the detection range of TB. This ECL sensing platform for TB detection shows satisfactory sensitivity with a low detection limit of 28.73 fM in the concentration range from 10−13 M to 10−8 M. This developed “signal-on” ECL platform with RuNP/PEI-GO nanocomposite is expected to become a promising tool for detecting other biomarkers in the future.

Portable Electrochemiluminescence Platform With Laser-Induced Graphene-Based U-Shaped Bipolar Electrode for Selective Sensing of Various Analytes

In recent years, rising need of microfluidics-based point-of-care devices has led to cost-effective solutions at or near the location of patients. With this motivation, herein, laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system loaded with U-shaped bipolar electrode (U-BPE) has been developed and its application for enzymeless sensing of various biomarkers has been validated. Low-cost and easily available flexible polyimide (PI) sheet has been effectively used for the fabrication of LIG U-BPE ECL device. With optimized speed and power, the ablation of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> laser on PI has been carried out to create graphenized driving electrodes and U-BPE in a single step. A cost-effective and portable 3-D printed platform has been developed for image sensing of ECL signals. The bulky power supply was effectively replaced by a dual-functional android smartphone to provide power to the LIG U-BPE ECL sensor and to capture the ECL signals. With this mini-platform, determination of various analytes, such as H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , D-glucose, lactate, and choline, has been accomplished in a linear range of 0.1-50, 0.1-70, 1-100, and 1- 100 μM with limit of detection (LOD) of 4.36, 2.51, 5.32, and 4.01 μM, respectively. An interference study has been performed and it was found that after adding interfering compounds in analytes, ECL signal intensity was reduced to less than 5%. Hence, it was proven that LIG U-BPE ECL device was very selective to different analytes concerning to their voltages.