Electrochemiluminescence Method Research Articles

Accurate biodetection of trace uranium by electrochemiluminescence and its application inIn vivo toxicokinetic dynamic research

Due to the technical barriers and complexity of biological detection equipment, the intensive study of the toxicokinetics of uranium has been limited. In other words, efficient biodetection system for accurately and conveniently uranium analysis is the core demand. In this study, an efficient monitoring system was developed for rapid visual detection of trace UO22+ in biological samples by using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging technology. In detail, poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-(1-cyanovinylene-1,4-phenylene)] (CN-PPV) was prepared as polymer dots (Pdots), which give a low background signal and notable visual UO22+ response in accurate monitoring as well as high selectivity. This sensor was successfully applied to visual UO22+ detection in blood and urine in an oral uranyl metabolism rat model. The results showed that UO22+ concentration in rat blood reached the maximum 30 min after administration and then decreased rapidly. Even after 48 h, trace UO22+ could still be detected with the developed method, demonstrating its ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity. This work is the first visualized UO22+ detection via ECL in biological samples. This ECL method for accurate trace UO22+ monitoring in biological samples indicates its wide field of application with good prospects such as nuclear forensics, evidence-based medicine, and toxicological research.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio and C-Reactive Protein Levels are not Associated with Strength, Muscle Mass, and Functional Capacity in Kidney Transplant Patients.

Chronic inflammation has been associated with components of sarcopenia; however, these associations are unknown in kidney transplant patients (KTPs). The aim of this study was to associate neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with strength, muscle mass, and functional capacity in KTPs. A cross-sectional study evaluating 108 KTPs was performed. Strength was evaluated by handgrip strength and five-times-sit-to-stand test (5STS), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The ASM index (ASMI) was calculated using the ASM (kg)/height (m2). Functional capacity was assessed by the 4-m gait speed test and short physical performance battery (SPPB). The electrochemiluminescence method was used for analyzing CRP levels, and the cytometric method XN-3000 Sysmex was used for obtaining leukogram values to calculate the NLR. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between systemic inflammation and sarcopenia components, adjusting for confounders. NLR and CRP levels were not associated with handgrip strength (β = - 0.231, p = 0.389; β = - 0.291, p = 0.577), 5STS (β = - 0.114, p = 0.288; β = - 0.202, p = 0.334), ASM (β = - 0.027, p = 0.813; β = 0.062, p = 0.788), ASMI (β = - 0.036, p = 0.242; β = 0.040, p = 0.505), 4-mgait speed (β = 0.013, p = 0.082; β = 0.004, p = 0.769), and SPPB (β = 0.076, p = 0.170; β = 0.152, p = 0.157), respectively. In conclusion, NLR and CRP levels were not associated with muscle mass, strength, and functional capacity in KTPs.

In Situ Synthesis of a Bi2Te3-Nanosheet/Reduced-Graphene-Oxide Nanocomposite for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Dopamine Sensing.

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps cells to transmit pulsed chemicals. Therefore, dopamine detection is crucial from the viewpoint of human health. Dopamine determination is typically achieved via chromatography, fluorescence, electrochemiluminescence, colorimetry, and enzyme-linked methods. However, most of these methods employ specific biological enzymes or involve complex detection processes. Therefore, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors are attracting attention owing to their high sensitivity, speed, and simplicity. In this study, a simple one-step fabrication of a Bi2Te3-nanosheet/reduced-graphene-oxide (BT/rGO) nanocomposite was achieved using a hydrothermal method to modify electrodes for electrochemical dopamine detection. The combination of the BT nanosheets with the rGO surface was investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry were performed to analyze the electrochemical-dopamine-detection characteristics of the BT/rGO nanocomposite. The BT/rGO-modified electrode exhibited higher catalytic activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of 100 µM dopamine (94.91 µA, 0.24 V) than that of the BT-modified (4.55 µA, 0.26 V), rGO-modified (13.24 µA, 0.23 V), and bare glassy carbon electrode (2.86 µA, 0.35 V); this was attributed to the synergistic effect of the electron transfer promoted by the highly conductive rGO and the large specific surface area/high charge-carrier mobility of the two-dimensional BT nanosheets. The BT/rGO-modified electrode showed a detection limit of 0.06 µM for dopamine in a linear range of 10–1000 µM. Additionally, it exhibited satisfactory reproducibility, stability, selectivity, and acceptable recovery in real samples.

Evaluation of selected semen parameters and biomarkers of male infertility - preliminary study.

Background: Because the etiopathogenesis of male infertility is multifactorial our study was designed to clarify the relationship between standard semen parameters, testicular volume, levels of reproductive hormones and the fragmentation of sperm nuclear DNA (SDF). Methods: Patients (n = 130) were clustered as subjects: 1) with an abnormal volume (utrasonography) of at least one testis (<12 mL) or with a normal volume of testes and 2) with abnormal levels of at least one of the reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, PRL, TSH, total T - electrochemiluminescence method) or with normal hormonal profiles and 3) with high level of SDF (>30%), moderate (>15-30%) or low (≤15%) (sperm chromatin dispersion test). Results: In subjects with a decreased testicular volume and in subjects with abnormal levels of reproductive hormones, decreased basic semen parameters were found. Participants with abnormal testicular volume had a higher percentage of SDF and a higher level of FSH (Mann-Whitney U test). In turn, men with a high level of SDF had lower testicular volume and conventional sperm parameters than men with a low level of SDF (Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusions: We showed that spermatogenesis disorders coexisted with decreased testicular volume and increased FSH levels. The disorders of spermatogenesis were manifested by reduced basic sperm characteristics and a high level of sperm nuclear DNA damage.

The Benefits of Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 during Pregnancy in Favor of the Mother/Newborn Dyad.

When the first vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 emerged, pregnant women were excluded from clinical trials, so vaccine recommendations were initially adjourned, with late initiation for this populational category. The present study aims to quantify the serum and breastmilk values of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in both the mother and her newborn after complete vaccination during pregnancy. Ninety-one vaccinated patients were included, some of whom presented COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. In the delivery room, venous blood was collected from the mother and umbilical cord blood from her offspring. All samples were processed using the ECLIA (electrochemiluminescence) method. Breastmilk was collected and tested during the third postnatal day. The highest maternal serum values were 19,523 U/mL (detection limit > 0.8 U/mL) and in breastmilk, 206.7 U/mL. Every single newborn had antibody values higher than 0, with a mean serum value (M = 5288.37, SD = 5661.49) significantly higher than 0, t(90) = 8.91, p < 0.001. Consequently, this study intents to emphasize the importance of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. This double kind of neonatal protection, attained by placental and breastmilk transfer, can be accomplished by encouraging vaccination, breastfeeding, bonding, and providing maternal empowerment to participate in her infant’s care.

Titres of Antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen following Hepatitis B Vaccination among Medical Students

Aim: To estimate antibody titres to Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among vaccinated medical students.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross sectional study&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Study was done in the Department of Microbiology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara between October 2019 to November 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: Study included 281 medical students who had taken three doses of Hepatitis B vaccination. Informed consent and Institutional Ethical clearance was obtained. Under aseptic precautions, 5 ml of venous blood was collected and serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 min. Serum were stored at -200 C. Antibodies to Hepatitis B surface antigen were estimated by Electro Chemiluminescence method (Anti-HBs G2 Elecsys cobas e 100- Roche Diagnostics India Pvt. Ltd.) as per manufacturer’s instruction using quality controls.&#x0D; Results: In the present study, 98.9% of students had Anti HBs antibody titres &gt;10mIU/ml. Only one (1.1%) student had titre &lt;10mIU/ml. Seventy (77.8%) students had antibody titres &gt;1000 mIU/ml and 15 (16.7%) had antibody levels &gt;100≤1000 mIU/ml. Higher seroconversion rates were noted among female students (100%) but was not statistically significant (P value=0.34)&#x0D; Conclusion: Except for one, all other study participants were found to have protective antibody titres. Vaccination cards containing the vaccination details and the antibody titres should be made available to all medical students to guide infection control practices in case of accidental exposure.

Electrochemical fabrication of Ru[bpy]32+@Cu-MOF(-SH)/Au photo/electrochemical coupling interface and its DNA-based biosensing performance

An electrochemical fabrication method of Ru[bpy]32+@Cu-MOF(-SH)/Au (MOF = metal–organic framework) was developed with a photo/electrochemical information characterization and a DNA-based biosensing validation for the proposed interface. Applying an anodic synthesis method, a modification layer of Ru[bpy]32+ encapsulated with MOF was formed on the Au electrode surface to fabricate an interface with photo/electrochemical dual-signal response. Combining the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging technology with electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection, the information about the interfacial photo/electrochemical bi-functional properties was explored from three aspects of the parameter variable, intensity variable, and morphology variable. The results show that the effect of parameter variables on the interfacial response follows an “interference effect” mechanism. Under the optimized conditions, the background and the saturation ECL intensities are 610.0 and 24.0 with a quenching efficiency of 96.1% and a detection limit of 30 fM. The saturation current is 48.8 µA with a detection limit of 330.0 nM. Both ECL and electrochemical imaging methods can corroborate each other, validating the logical correlation between the interface fabrication and the response performance in the regional interfacial distribution and laying a methodological foundation for evaluating the interface fabrication quality based on imaging morphology qualitatively. The proposed interface can construct photo/electrochemical dual-signal DNA-based biosensors.

Reversible Ratiometric Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on DNAzyme Regulated Resonance Energy Transfer for Myocardial miRNA Detection.

Myocardial miRNAs in peripheral blood are closely related to the pathogenic process of myocardial infarction. Rapid identification and accurate quantification of myocardial miRNAs are of great significance to clinical interventions for treating cardiovascular lesions. Therefore, a ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor integrating DNAzyme with a resonance energy transfer (RET) system was designed to detect myocardial miRNA. The dual-signal system was composed of rA marked substrate strand functionalized CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as reductive-oxidative (R-O) emitters and Cy5-labeled strand-functionalized Ru(bpy)32+-filled silica nanoparticles (RuSi NPs) as oxidative-reductive (O-R) emitters. In the presence of target miRNA, DNAzyme was activated to cut substrate strands on the CdTe QDs and release triggers for opening hairpin probes. Then, the Cy5 molecule-labeled hairpin DNA on the RuSi NPs was opened to introduce Cy5 molecules and RuSi NPs into the system. The R-O ECL was quenched by ECL-RET between CdTe QDs and Cy5 molecules and the O-R ECL was introduced by the RuSi NPs. In this way, based on the simultaneous changing of the ECL signal, the dual-potential dynamic signal ratiometric ECL sensing platform was developed. By measuring the ratio of O-R ECL signal to R-O ECL signal, the concentration of miRNA-499 was accurately quantified in the range of 10 fM to 10 nM, and the detection limit was as low as 2.44 fM (S/N = 3). This DNAzyme guided dual-potential ratiometric ECL method provides a sensitive and reliable method for myocardial miRNA detection, and it has great potential in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Serum markers, morphological index, RMI, and ROMA in preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Background/Aim: Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide and is the deadliest among gynecological cancers. It is important that this cancer, which is usually diagnosed in advanced stages, is referred to a gynecologist oncologist without delay. An ideal screening method does not yet exist. Although CA 125 is still the most used tumor marker, it cannot detect early-stage ovarian cancer. Also, CA 125 is not specific for ovarian malignancy. Therefore, new serum markers, such as HE4, and more complex algorithms, like ROMA and RMI, have emerged. Here we evaluate the preoperative potential of patients with adnexal mass to have a malignant or benign mass with morphological index, CA 125, HE4, RMI, and ROMA tests. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study. A power analysis was done before starting the study. The sample size was at least 80 when the Type I error was set at 0.05, and the confidence interval was 95%. We included into the study 84 patients admitted to our clinic because of pelvic mass and underwent operation between March 2016 and October 2018. To homogenize the benign and malignant groups, 42 patients were collected from each group. CA 125 and HE4 levels of the samples were studied by the electrochemiluminescence method. ROMA and RMI values were calculated, and the data were entered into SPSS. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical package program. Results: Each of the CA 125 (P = 0.002), HE4 (P < 0.001), morphological index (P < 0.001), ROMA (P < 0.001), and RMI (P < 0.001) tests has been successful in differentiating malignant masses from benign masses. In the malignant-benign differentiation of adnexal masses preoperatively, CA 125 was the test with the lowest sensitivity, and RMI had the highest sensitivity. However, in the ROC analysis, the morphological index has a higher area under the curve. Conclusion: Although CA 125 is still the most frequently used marker in the preoperative evaluation of adnexal masses, it has low specificity and sensitivity, especially in premenopausal patients. The use of new tumor markers (e.g., HE4) and other algorithms (e.g., ROMA and RMI) is supported by our findings and the literature. However, here we show that an expert ultrasonographic evaluation with morphological index alone could be effective.

Cord blood 25(OH)D3, cord blood total immunoglobulin E levels, and food allergies in infancy: A birth cohort study in Chongqing, China

BackgroundFood allergy (FA) in infants has become a common disease worldwide. There are many controversies surrounding the relationships among levels of cord blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and FA. MethodsIn this study, we recruited pregnant women in the third trimester undergoing obstetric examination in Chongqing City, Western China. Healthy full-term singleton births between May to August 2018 and November 2018 to January 2019 were included in the summer-birth and winter-birth cohorts, respectively. Questionnaires on vitamin D status in pregnancy and family allergies were used to investigate the pregnant women. The levels of <12 ng/mL, 12～20 ng/mL, and >20 ng/mL 25(OH)D3 in cord blood detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were considered deficient, insufficient, and sufficient, respectively. The electrochemiluminescence method was used to detect the total lgE levels in cord blood, classified into low-IgE (<0.35IU/mL) and high-IgE (≥0.35IU/mL) levels, respectively. Within postnatal 6 months, allergic symptoms in infants were investigated using questionnaire during the infants’ monthly physical examinations. Suspected cases of FA underwent a history inquiry, skin prick test, food elimination test, and open-food challenge for diagnosis of FA. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of FA in infants. ResultsIn this study, we recruited 741 pairs of pregnant women and infants, including 343 infants in the summer-birth cohort and 398 infants in the winter-birth cohort. The incidence of FA within postnatal 6 months was 6.88%, showing significantly higher incidence of FA in the winter-birth cohorts than in the summer-birth cohorts (10.3% vs. 2.9%, χ2 = 15.682, P = 0.000). Among the 741 infants, 47.1%, 27.5%, and 13.8% of infants had deficient, insufficient, and sufficient 25(OH)D3, respectively, in the cord blood; 81.5% and 18.5% of infants had total low-IgE and total high-IgE levels, respectively, in the cord blood. No significant correlation was found between the 25(OH)D3 and IgE levels (r = −0.038, P = 0.300). Logistic regression analysis showed that winter birth [odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.292 (2.003～8.359)] compared with infants in summer birth group, and sufficient (>20 ng/mL) 25(OH)D3 levels in cord blood [OR (95% CI): 2.355 (1.129～4.911) compared with infants in the deficient group (<12 ng/mL) and 3.782 (1.680～8.514) compared with infants in the insufficient group (12～20 ng/mL)] were independent risk factors for FA in infants within postnatal 6 months. ConclusionsWinter birth and sufficient 25(OH)D3 levels in infant cord blood were independent risk factors for FA in infants. 25(OH)D3 and total IgE levels in cord blood cannot be used as predictors of FA in early infancy.

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Detection of Polyamines on a Microfluidic Device Using Micromolded Carbon Paste Microelectrodes

AbstractA simple, sensitive, and rapid electrochemiluminescent (ECL) method was developed for the detection of several polyamines on a microfluidic chip. Rapid prototyping of poly(dimethylsiloxane) was used to fabricate flow channels and carbon paste microelectrodes. These devices are easily fabricated and amenable to ECL detection due to their planar and optically transparent nature. The ECL reaction between tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and amine‐containing co‐reactants was used to generate the ECL signal. Experimental parameters were optimized and low micromolar limits of detection (S/N=3) were determined for four different polyamines. The method was successfully used to determine the concentration of spermine in milk samples.

Highly Efficient Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence of Cyanophenyl-Functionalized Tetraphenylethene and Its Application in Biothiols Analysis.

Exploring new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores with high ECL efficiency and good stability in aqueous solution is in great demand for biological sensing. In this work, highly efficient aggregation-induced enhanced ECL of cyanophenyl-functionalized tetraphenylethene (tetra[4-(4-cyanophenyl)phenyl]ethene, TCPPE) and its application in biothiols analysis were reported. TCPPE contains four 4-cyanophenyl groups covalently attached to the tetraphenylethene (TPE) core, generating a nonplanar three-dimensional twisted conformation structure. TCPPE nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size of 15.84 nm were prepared by a precipitation method. High ECL efficiency (593%, CdS as standard) and stable ECL emission (over one month) were obtained for TCPPE NPs in aqueous solution. The unique properties of TCPPE NPs could be ascribed to the efficient suppression of nonradiative transition, the decrease of the energy gap, and the increase of anionic radical stability, which were proved by theoretical calculation and electrochemical and fluorescence methods. Contrasting aggregation-induced ECL chromic emission was first observed for TCPPE NPs. As a proof-of-methodology, an ECL method was developed for three biothiol assays with detection limits of 6, 7, and 300 nM for cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione, respectively. This work demonstrates that TCPPE NPs are promising ECL luminophores, and the incorporation of appropriate substituents into luminophores can improve ECL efficiency and radical stability.

Reduced Circulating Levels of miR-491-5p and miR-485-3p Are Associated with the Occurrence of Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.

Objective Postmenopausal women experiences osteoporotic structural damage and bone fragility resulting from reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. Osteoporosis frequently affects the vertebral column and causes compression fractures. This study aims to characterize roles of miRNAs in osteoporosis and subsequent incidence risk of vertebral fractures for postmenopausal women. Methods. Differentially expressed miRNAs between osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures and osteoporotic patients without fracture were identified. This retrospective study included 78 osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures and 82 osteoporotic patients without vertebral fractures. The plasma levels of bone metabolic markers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)VitD), propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), and β-Carboxyl terminal peptide (β-CTx), were detected using the patented electro-chemiluminescence (ECLIA) method. The expression levels of miR-491-5p and miR-485-3p were determined by qRT-PCR. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between miR-491-5p, miR-485-3p, and bone metabolic markers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of miR-491-5p and miR-485-3p in diagnosing the occurrence of vertebral fractures in osteoporotic patients.Results: The plasma levels of PINP and β-CTx were elevated but the plasma level of 25-(OH)VitD was declined in osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures when comparable to those without (< 0.05). The plasma expression levels of miR-491-5p and miR-485-3p were declined osteoporotic patients with vertebral fractures when comparable to those without (< 0.001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the relative expression level of miR-491-5p was negatively correlated with the level of 25-(OH)VitD (r = -0.518, < 0.001) but positively correlated with the levels of PINP (r = 0.547, < 0.001) and β-CTx (r = 0.380, < 0.001). We also observed a negative correlation between the relative expression level of miR-485-3p and 25-(OH)VitD (r = -0.388, < 0.001), a positive correlation between miR-485-3p and PINP (r = 0.422,< 0.001). ROC curves for prediction of vertebral fracture following osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by miR-491-5p expression yielded 0.866 AUC and by miR-485-3p expression produced 0.848 AUC. Conclusion The data suggest that downregulated expressions of miR-491-5p and miR-485-3p may be involved in the occurrence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Effect Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage on Serum Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Pressure Ulcer by Intelligent Algorithm-Based CT Image.

This work was to explore the efficacy of intelligent algorithm-based computed tomography (CT) to evaluate platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of patients with pressure ulcers. Based on the u-net network structure, an image denoising algorithm based on double residual convolution neural network (Dr-CNN) was proposed to denoise the CT images. A total of 84 patients who were hospitalized in hospital were randomly divided into group A (without any intervention), group B (PRP treatment), group C (VSD treatment), and group D (PRP+VSD treatment). Procalcitonin (PCT) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) combined with immunofluorescence method, C-reactive protein (CRP) was detected by rate reflectance turbidimetry (RRT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected by electrochemiluminescence method. The results showed that after treatment, 44 cases (52.38%) of pressure ulcers patients recovered, 24 cases (28.57%) had no change in stage, and 16 cases (19.04%) developed pressure ulcers. The pain scores of group D at 1 week (3.35 ± 0.56 points) and 2 weeks (2.76 ± 0.55 points) after treatment were significantly lower than those in group C (7.77 ± 0.58 points and 6.34 ± 0.44 points, respectively). The time of complete wound healing in group D (24.5 ± 2.32) was obviously lower in contrast to that in groups A, B, and C (35.54 ± 3.22 days, 30.23 ± 2 days, and 29.34 ± 2.15 days, respectively). In addition, the medical satisfaction of group D (8.74 ± 0.69) was significantly higher than that of groups A, B, and C (4.69 ± 0.85, 5.22 ± 0.31, and 5.18 ± 0.59, respectively). The levels of IL-6 and PCT in group D were lower than those in groups A, B, and C, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The average values of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of the Dr-CNN network model were 37.21 ± 1.09 dB and 0.925 ± 0.01, respectively, which were higher than other algorithms. The mean values of root mean square error (MSE) and normalized mean absolute distance (NMAD) of the Dr-CNN network model were 0.022 ± 0.002 and 0.126 ± 0.012, respectively, which were significantly lower than other algorithms (P < 0.05). The experimental results showed that PrP combined with VSD could significantly reduce the inflammatory response of patients with pressure ulcers. PRP combined with VSD could significantly reduce the pain of dressing change for patients. Moreover, the performance model of image denoising algorithm based on double residual convolutional neural network was better than other algorithms.

Vitamin D levels in children with celiac disease

Background. A significant increase in understanding of the role of vitamin D in the body, more effective detection of celiac disease, and the need to monitor the health of children against the background of long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet were prerequisites for our study. The study was aimed to analyze the level of vitamin D in children with celiac disease. Materials and methods. The results of the examination of 29 children aged from 6 months to 18 years with a verified diagnosis of celiac disease were analyzed. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by the electrochemiluminescent method (Roche Diagnostics GmBH, Mannheim, Germany). The results of vitamin D supplementation in patients with celiac disease were compared with the control group of 30 healthy children aged from 1 to 18. Mathematical processing of the material included a standard algorithm for statistical research using Microsoft Excel 2016, Attestat. Results. Among the patients included in the study, typical celiac disease was found in 24 (82.7 %) cases, which is 4.8 times more common than atypical — in 5 (17.4 %) children. The gastrointestinal symptoms dominated in a clinical picture. Manifestation of the disease in most patients was observed in the first year of life — in 17 (58.6 %) cases, in 7 (24.1 %) patients aged from 1 to 3 years, and only in 5 (17.4 %) children older than 3 years. The average rate of vitamin D in children with celiac disease was probably lower than in healthy children and accounted for 24.4 ± 1.2; 21.2 [16.45–35.21] ng/ml. The number of children with normal vitamin D content is the highest among young patients, while the frequency of vitamin D deficiency is the lowest. The median serum vitamin D in patients on a gluten-free diet was 1.4 times higher (p &lt; 0.05) than in the acute period, but 1.3 times lower (p &lt; 0.05) than in the control group. Adherence to a gluten-free diet leads to increased levels of vitamin D but does not allow reaching the level in healthy children. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is registered in children with celiac disease. All patients with celiac disease, regardless of the stage of the disease and adherence to a gluten-free diet, need to be monitored for vitamin D levels.

The Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Enhanced CT Combined with Tumor Markers AFP and CA199 in Liver Cancer.

Background Early screening and diagnosis are of great significance to the treatment and prognosis of patients with liver cancer. This study aims to explore the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT combined with tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) in the diagnosis of liver cancer. Methods Liver cancer group (n = 256), benign disease group (n = 110), and control group (n = 50) participated in this study. The liver cancer and benign disease groups were diagnosed pathologically by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT before operation. The electrochemiluminescence method was used to detect the content of AFP and CA199. And the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. Results The detection rate of contrast-enhanced ultrasound is higher than that of enhanced CT. Serum levels of AFP and CA199 in the liver cancer group were significantly higher than those in the benign lesion group and the control group. The ROC curve showed that the sensitivity, accuracy, and negative prediction rate of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT combined with tumor markers AFP and CA199 in the diagnosis of liver cancer were significantly higher than that of a single test. Conclusion The combined detection of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT, AFP, and CA199 significantly improved the sensitivity and accuracy of liver cancer diagnosis. It has a significant effect on the early diagnosis of liver cancer and can be used as an important means of early screening.

Highly selective and sensitive detection of mercury (II) and dopamine based on the efficient electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ with acridine orange as a coreactant

Developing highly specific, rapid, and cost-effective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) methods capable of detecting multiple analytes remains a compelling research goal but it is still a substantial challenge due to narrow choice of ECL systems. In this study, efficient ECL detections were achieved by using anodic Ru(bpy)32+-acridine orange (AO) ECL system. In present system, dimethylamino substituent on acridine ring acts as active sites for strong ECL generation, while heterocyclic nitrogen atom (–N–) contributes to specific complex formation with metal ion. Accordingly, this anodic ECL method was exploited for highly sensitive detection of both mercury (II) (Hg2+) and dopamine (DA), with detection limits as low as 0.36 nM (linear range 0.01–50 μM) and 1.0 nM (linear range 0.01–10 μM), respectively. The mechanism of Hg2+ detection was supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, the ECL method exhibit superior selectivity over numerous competing interfering agents. Moreover, the method achieved the detection of both targets in practical media with excellent recoveries (96.0–103.8%). Importantly, the method demonstrates potential advantages in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity, and low cost. This work realizes a successful attempt to further expand the analytical applications of ECL systems and may initiate new thoughts in utilizing acridines in diverse ECL-based sensing and imaging applications.

Abstract WP182: Association Of The RNF213 p.R4810k Variant With Thyroid Disease And Autoantibodies In Ischemic Stroke

Background: Thyroid diseases and elevated thyroid autoantibodies are associated with moyamoya disease (MMD). MMD susceptibility variant RNF213 p.R4810K is known to increase the risk of ischemic stroke (IS), but whether thyroid diseases and thyroid autoantibody levels are altered in IS patients carrying the RNF213 p.R4810K variant remains elusive. Methods: Of the consecutive adult IS patients from 2011 to 2020 admitted in our institute, patients who signed a consent form for RNF213 genotyping were included, while definitive MMD patients were excluded. We compared the patient background, history of thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism), and levels of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), and antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) between the variant carrier and non-carrier. Each thyroid autoantibody was measured by the electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Results: Of the 1570 patients (525 women; 72 years of median age) analyzed, 74 (4.7%) patients had the RNF213 p.R4810K variant. The variant carriers were more likely to be female (52.7% vs. 35.3%, P &lt;0.01), younger (58 years vs. 73 years, P &lt;0.01), and have a history of hypothyroidism (18.9% vs. 1.8%, P =0.01), middle cerebral artery M1 stenosis (29.7% vs. 6.0%, P =0.01), and large-artery atherosclerosis (47.3% vs. 25.0%, P &lt;0.01) than the variant non-carriers. Both mean TPOAb (17.60 IU/mL vs. 3.96 IU/mL, P &lt;0.01) and TgAb levels (25.09 IU/mL vs. 15.64 IU/mL, P &lt;0.01) were higher in the variant carriers, and there were no inter-group differences for history of hyperthyroidism, TSH, free T3/T4, and administration of levothyroxine sodium hydrate. A multivariate regression analysis showed that hypothyroidism(odds ratio [OR], 8.30; 95% confidential interval [CI], 2.83-24.33) and the elevated TPOAb levels (OR per 1 IU/mL increment, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.43-7.78) were independently associated with variant carriers versus non-carriers. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism and elevated TPOAb levels were frequently observed in IS patients with the RNF213 p.R4810K variant, which may be associated with immune aberrancies relevant to or underlying thyroid autoimmunity, contributing to the different features of IS.

Вплив дефіциту вітаміну D на показники структурно-функціонального стану кісткової тканини, дослідженої методом ультразвукової денситометрії, у жителів Донецької області

Метою дослідження було встановити зв’язок між рівнем 25(ОН)D у сироватці крові та структурно-функціональним станом кісткової тканини в населення Донецької області. Було обстежено 215 осіб віком 20–79 років. Дослідження проводилися протягом осінньо-весняного періоду року. Середній вік обстежених становив 54,5 ± 12,2 року. Вимірювання рівня 25(OH)D у сироватці крові здійснювали за допомогою електрохемілюмінесцентного методу на аналізаторі Elecsys тест-системами cobas. Дослідження структурно-функціонального стану кісткової тканини проводили ультразвуковим денситометром Sahara (Hologic) на п’ятковій кістці нижньої кінцівки. Проведені спостереження виявили високу частоту дефіциту вітаміну D (87,5 %) у жителів Донецької області. Вторинний гіперпаратиреоз реєструвався в 10,7 % оглянутих. Системний остеопороз діагностувався в 6,6 % оглянутих, а системна остеопенія — у 44,9 % обстежених. Тільки в групі людей літнього та старечого віку показники структурно-функціонального стану кісткової тканини були вірогідно вищими в осіб із рівнем 25(ОН)D у сироватці крові 50 нмоль/л і вище порівняно із обстеженими із тяжким дефіцитом вітаміну D.

Preparation and Energy Storage Performance of Perovskite Luminescent Materials by an Electrochemiluminescence Method

In recent years, metal halide perovskites have become attractive photosensitive materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Due to its good characteristics, perovskites are used in solar photovoltaic power generation, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, photocatalysis, and sensors and many other fields. Considering the wide application of perovskites and the study of potential bifunctional devices, the application of perovskites in energy storage devices is relatively small, and a small number of studies focus on organic-inorganic hybrid lead-halide perovskites. However, the related energy storage research on all-inorganic lead-halide perovskites with better stability, which has also been widely concerned, is very scarce. And nontoxic all-inorganic nonperovskite has zero research in energy storage. Based on the above situation, this paper selects the lead-free perovskite Cs2AgSbCl6, and two lead halide perovskites with different dimensions, -0-dimensional Cs4PbBr6 and 3-dimensional CsPbBr3, these three all-inorganic perovskites. It was for electrochemical performance testing.