Electrochemical Surface Area Research Articles

In-situ growth strategy to synthesize porous nano-coral-like structure OER catalyst based on nife foam alloy substrate

The preparation of alloy-based catalysts is an effective approach to simplify the catalyst synthesis process for electrocatalysis. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is considered a key step in water splitting. By incorporating interface engineering design, electronic state optimization, and heteroatom doping, the electrocatalytic performance can be enhanced. In this study, a simple method was used to activate the NiFe foam (NIF) alloy substrate by acid etching, followed by in-situ S-doping of Cr via a hydrothermal method to synthesize S-Cr0.6@NiFe/NIF catalyst material. Its outstanding porous nanocoral-like structure not only provides abundant active sites but also exhibits superior catalytic water splitting performance, demonstrating superhydrophilic and superaerophobic characteristics. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, only 262 mV overpotential is required to drive the OER (under basic conditions of 1 M KOH), with a low Tafel slope (71.6 mV dec−1) and a large electrochemical active surface area (ECSA = 85.25 cm2). After 80 hours of OER test, the current density of S-Cr0.6@NiFe/NIF shows negligible change. This study provides an attractive, effective, and feasible method for the in-situ growth design of alloy-based catalysts.

Rationalizing the catalytic surface area of oxygen vacancy‐enriched layered perovskite LaSrCrO4 nanowires on oxygen electrocatalyst for enhanced performance of Li–O2 batteries

AbstractEfficient electrocatalysis at the cathode is crucial to addressing the limited stability and low rate capability of Li−O2 batteries. This study examines the kinetic behavior of Li−O2 batteries utilizing layered perovskite LaSrCrO4 nanowires (NWs) composed of lower oxidation states. Layered perovskite LaSrCrO4 NWs exhibited improved rate capability over a wide range of current densities and longer cycle life in Li−O2 batteries than V‐based layered perovskite (LaSrVO4) and simple perovskite (La0.8Sr0.2CrO3) NWs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical surface area analyses showed that the observed performance variations primarily stemmed from active sites such as oxygen vacancies. In situ Raman analysis showed that these active sites significantly modulate the kinetics of oxygen reduction and evolution, which are related to LiO2 intermediate adsorption. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the active sites in layered perovskite LaSrCrO4 NWs contributed to their high charge transfer capability and reduced polarization. This study presents an appealing method for the precise fabrication and analysis of Cr‐based layered perovskites, aimed at achieving highly efficient and stable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis.

Revolutionizing CO2‐to‐C2 Conversion: Unleashing the Potential of CeO2 Nanocores for Self‐ Supported Electrocatalysts with Cu2O Nanoflakes on 3D Graphene Aerogel

AbstractCu serves as a promising electrocatalyst for converting CO2 into valuable C2 products in CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). However, instability in CO* formation is crucial for CO2 adsorption‐ desorption still remains a challenge under reduction conditions. This study explores the impact of lanthanide oxide, particularly CeO2, on Cu‐based catalytic performances. By leveraging Ce's distinctive electronic structure, CO* species are stabilized during the reaction in CeO2─Cu2O, resulting in exceptional catalytic performance for CO2 electroreduction to C2 products. Hybridizing CeO2‐Cu2O with graphene aerogel enhances electrochemical active surface area and CO2RR efficiency. The resulting CeO2─Cu2O(10%)/GA electrocatalyst exhibits a remarkable faradaic efficiency for C2 products, exceeding 62%, alongside exceptional stability over 80 h with wide potential window (−0.8 to −1.2 V) using a H‐cell. Systematic investigations elucidate the intricate interplay between surface properties and catalytic activity. Furthermore, a solar cell‐ powered CO2 reduction system demonstrates consistent performance (−27.8 mA cm−2 at 3.46 V) under solar radiation of ≈100 mW cm−2, showcasing outstanding stability with nearly 100% retention over 4 h of continuous illumination. In short, by harnessing catalytic and electronic effects, this innovation advances the development of electrocatalysts with heightened CO2‐to‐C2 selectivity, bridging fundamental research with technological innovation to tackle critical global challenges.

Pd Nanoparticles Loaded on Cu Nanoplate Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Dopamine.

The detection of dopamine is of great significance for human health. Herein, Pd nanoparticles were loaded on Cu nanoplates (Pd/Cu NPTs) by a novel liquid phase reduction method. A novel dopamine (DA) electrochemical sensor based on the Pd NPs/Cu/glass carbon electrode (Pd/Cu NPTs/GCE) was constructed. This sensor showed a wide linear range of 0.047 mM to 1.122 mM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1045 μM (S/N = 3) for DA. The improved performance of this sensor is attributed to the obtained tiny Pd nanoparticles which increase the catalytic active sites and electrochemical active surface areas (ECSAs). Moreover, the larger surface area of two-dimensional Cu nanoplates can load more Pd nanoparticles, which is another reason to improve performance. The Pd/Cu NPTs/GCE sensor also showed a good reproducibility, stability, and excellent anti-interference ability.

Copper dual-doping strategy of porous carbon nanofibers and nickel fluoride nanorods as bi-functional oxygen electrocatalysis for effective zinc-air batteries

Designing and developing efficient, low-cost bi-functional oxygen electrocatalysts is essential for effective zinc-air batteries. In this study, we propose a copper dual-doping strategy, which involves doping both porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) and nickel fluoride nanoparticles with copper alone, successfully preparing copper-doped nickel fluoride (NiF2) nanorods and copper nanoparticles co-modified PCNFs (Cu@NiF2/Cu-PCNFs) as an efficient bi-functional oxygen electrocatalyst. When copper is doped into the PCNFs in the form of metallic nanoparticles, the doped elemental copper can improve the electronic conductivity of composite materials to accelerate electron conduction. Meanwhile, the copper doping for NiF2 can significantly promote the transformation of nickel fluoride nanoparticles into nanorod structures, thus increasing the electrochemical active surface area and enhancing mass diffusion. The Cu-doped NiF2 nanorods also possess an optimized electronic structure, including a more negative d-band center, smaller bandgap width and lower reaction energy barrier. Under the synergistic effect of these advantages, the obtained Cu@NiF2/Cu-PCNFs exhibit outstanding bi-functional catalytic performances, with a low overpotential of 0.68 V and a peak power density of 222 mW cm−2 in zinc-air batteries (ZABs) and stable cycling for 800 h. This work proposes a one-step way based on the dual-doping strategy, providing important guidance for designing and developing efficient catalysts with well-designed architectures for high-performance ZABs.

Ce-doped cobalt-based hydroxide assisted with low-temperature molten salt for industrial oxygen evolution reaction

Developing low cost and high-performance oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is significant to improve the efficiency of water electrolysis for large-scale hydrogen production. Cobalt hydroxide is a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but its poor conductivity and activity seriously restrict the practical application. A simple one-step low temperature molten salt method was applied to successfully synthesize the Ce-doped cobalt hydroxide nitrate (Ce-CoNH/CF), which exhibits outstanding OER performance with a low overpotential of 448 mV at the current density of 1000 mA/cm2 in 1 mol/L KOH. The remarkable performance of Ce-CoNH/CF electrode in OER may be the comprehensive result of fast reaction kinetics, large electrochemical active specific surface area (ECSA) and small charge transfer resistance (Rct) as revealed by the Tafel, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) analysis. Under the simulated industrial test conditions (6 mol/L KOH, 70 °C), the Ce-CoNH/CF electrode still displays excellent OER performance.

Synergistic effects of 1T–2H MoS2 and laser-reduced graphene Oxide–ZnO scaffold composite catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

A composite catalyst, zinc-doped laser-reduced graphene oxide (LrGO), is synthesized with highly dispersed molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanolayers using laser exfoliation followed by a hydrothermal process. The resultant LrGO–ZnO/1T–2H MoS2 (GZM3) catalyst exhibits enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance and improved stability. It achieves small overpotentials of 94 and 191.5 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. This superior catalytic activity is attributed to the high electrical conductivity and large electrochemical surface area of graphene, along with efficient charge transfer facilitated by Zn ions between LrGO–ZnO and 1T–2H MoS2.

Crystalline/Amorphous Co2P2O7 cathode with outstanding areal capacity for High-Performance Zinc-Cobalt battery

It is still a challenge to develop aqueous rechargeable Zn-based alkaline batteries with high energy density, power density and excellent stability. Herein, a crystalline/amorphous Co2P2O7 self-supporting on the Ni foam is fabricated as a cathode material of aqueous Zn-based alkaline batteries. The unique crystalline/amorphous structure endows the electrode material with more exposed active sites, higher redox species coverage, larger electrochemical surface area (ECSA), smaller charge-transfer resistance, lower reaction energy barriers and faster electrochemical reaction kinetics process, which clarifies an explicit structure–property relationship simultaneously. As a result, the crystalline/amorphous Co2P2O7 (CP-P-450) electrode assembled as CP-P-450//Zn battery achieves an extraordinary areal capacity of 2.49 mAh cm−2 at 5 mA cm−2, satisfactory rate performance, excellent cyclic durability (96.6 % retention after 4000 cycles) and impressive energy density (4.16 mAh cm−2) and peak power density (115.94 mW cm−2). The quasi-solid CP-P-450//Zn battery can drive a variety of electrical appliances working well even under abuse tests, demonstrating excellent safety and application potential. This study provides an effective strategy towards excellent comprehensive energy storage performance of aqueous Zn-based alkaline batteries through structuring the crystalline/amorphous phase in cathodes.

Exploring the electrochemical and electrocatalytic performance of bismuth oxide and bismuth manganese oxide nanostructures for supercapacitor and water splitting

In this research, bismuth oxide (BO) with non-uniform nanorods featuring a monoclinic crystal structure and bismuth manganese oxide (BMO) with irregularly shaped nanosheets exhibiting a cubic crystal structure were synthesized hydrothermally. These materials were designed for applications in supercapacitors and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical analysis of BO-NF (Nickel Foam) and BMO-NF electrodes in KOH highlights BMO's superior performance for both supercapacitor and water splitting applications. BMO-NF electrode exhibit higher specific capacitance, lower resistance, and exceptional cyclic stability compared to BO-NF electrode. In asymmetric liquid-state supercapacitor devices, BMO-NF electrode outperforms BO-NF electrode, showcasing advanced capabilities. Additionally, for water splitting, BMO-NF electrode demonstrates a lower overpotential, a more favourable Tafel slope, a larger electrochemical active surface area, and greater stability, underscoring its enhanced efficiency and reliability. Overall, this study shows that the BMO is found to be the more promising material for the energy storage and electrocatalytic applications.

LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3 perovskites doped with natural Ca2+ as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions.

Perovskite oxides are promising electrocatalysts for various energy applications due to their exceptional catalytic activity, flexible architecture, and low cost. In this study, LCFO was doped with different ratios of Ca2+ from eggshells, resulting in dual-purpose electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution processes. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and XRD. Results clarified the relative surface area and roughness, increasing with Ca2+ doping. LCFO also demonstrated highly magnetic properties, improved charge transfer, catalytic activity, and long-term durability. The results demonstrated the perovskite's cost-effectiveness as a bifunctional electrocatalyst, and the role of Ca2+ in enhancing its properties. La0.6Ca0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3(LCCFO-0.4) showed higher magnetic properties (M s = 13.36 emu g-1 and M r = 2.54 emu g-1). The LCFO sample showed a current density of 5.13 mA cm-2 and 3 mA cm-2 for OER and ORR respectively, at E onset 1.7 V and 0.57 V (vs. RHE). The LCFO electrochemical active surface area is 0.033 cm2.

Highly stable and efficient Sb doped Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 electrode toward organic pollutants degradation by in situ generated oxidizing species

Electrochemical oxidation (ECO) technology has proven to be efficient for organic wastewater treatment. Given the strong demand for the development of anodes with superior stability, high activity, and low cost that can be applied industrially, herein, a stable Sb-doped Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 electrode (SSE) is fabricated and served as an anode for the degradation of aniline using diverse power supply modes. The SSE shows better performance than the Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 electrode (SE) in facilitating electron transport, enlarging the electrochemical active surface area, enhancing stability, and increasing electrocatalytic activity. Theoretical calculations reveal the stability and electronic properties of the synthesized electrodes. Furthermore, by degrading complex molecules and real wastewater, the practical industrial application of SSE is explored. Subsequently, the active species and possible degradation pathways are systematically elucidated. Therefore, this work provides a promising and superior-performance electrode with attractive application prospects for the high-efficient degradation of refractory organic wastewater.

Attaining high-rate hydrogen evolution via SILAR deposited bimetallic nickel cobalt boride electrode: Exploring the influence of Ni to Co ratio

For the first time, a bimetallic Nickel Cobalt Boride (NCB) film with varying Ni to Co ratios was synthesized on stainless steel via the SILAR method. The NCB2 film (1:1 ratio) exhibited a mixed phase of metal boride and oxy-hydroxide with a highly porous, flaky-type morphology, while NCB1 (1:3 ratio) and NCB3 (3:1 ratio) showed only oxidized metal phases and agglomerated clusters. EDX confirmed the purity of the samples, and XPS indicated higher oxidation in NCB1 and NCB3 compared to NCB2. For HER, NCB2 showed the lowest overpotential (80 mV) compared to NCB1 (96 mV) and NCB3 (101 mV), and the smallest Tafel slope value (71 mV/dec). HER kinetics followed a Volmer-Heyrovsky mixed reaction path. NCB2 exhibited the highest Cdl value (16.55 mF/cm2) and the largest electrochemical active surface area (413.7 cm2), outperforming NCB1 (333.125 cm2) and NCB3 (205 cm2). At an overpotential of 100 mV, NCB2's TOF value was 8.23 s⁻1, higher than NCB1 (1.4 s⁻1) and NCB3 (1 s⁻1). For OER, NCB2 showed the highest Cdl value (106 mF/cm2) and ECSA value (2650 cm2). The Faradic efficiency of NCB2 was ∼98% after 190 h. Hydrogen evolution rates for NCB1, NCB2, and NCB3 as cathodes were 952 mL/h, 1022 mL/h, and 800.8 mL/h, respectively. In a prototype electrolyzer, NCB2 enhanced the hydrogen evolution rate by 30% in bifunctional mode to 1334.6 mL/h. After 100 h, performance declined by only 2.7% due to surface oxidation and phase changes. This achievement marks a milestone towards low-cost green hydrogen production, achieving the highest rate of hydrogen evolution as ever reported.

Mesoporous Hollow Carbon Sphere-Embedded MXene Architectures Decorated with Ultrafine Rh Nanocrystals toward Methanol Electrooxidation.

The development of advanced Pt-alternative anode electrocatalysts with high activity and reliable stability is critical to overcoming the technical challenges of direct methanol fuel cells. Here, we propose a robust bottom-up strategy for the spatial construction of mesoporous hollow carbon sphere (HCS)-embedded MXene architectures decorated with ultrafine Rh nanocrystals (Rh/HCS-MX) via stereoscopic coassembly reactions. The rational intercalation of HCS effectively separates the MXene nanowalls to achieve a rapid mass-transfer efficiency, while the intimate coupling of the hybrid carrier with Rh nanocrystals enables their electronic structure optimization, thus contributing to strong synergistic catalytic effects. Accordingly, the resulting Rh/HCS-MX architectures exhibit outstanding methanol electrooxidation properties in terms of large electrochemical active surface areas, high mass/specific activities, and good long-term stability, all of which are significantly superior to the traditional Rh/carbon black, Rh/HCS, and Rh/MXene as well as commercial Pt/carbon balck and Pd/carbon balck electrocatalysts.

Deepening the Understanding of Carbon Active Sites for ORR Using Electrochemical and Spectrochemical Techniques.

Defect-containing carbon nanotube materials were prepared by subjecting two commercial multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of different purities to purification (HCl) and oxidative conditions (HNO3) and further heat treatment to remove surface oxygen groups. The as-prepared carbon materials were physicochemically characterized to observe changes in their properties after the different treatments. TEM microscopy shows morphological modifications in the MWCNTs after the treatments such as broken walls and carbon defects including topological defects. This leads to both higher surface areas and active sites. The carbon defects were analysed by Raman spectroscopy, but the active surface area (ASA) and the electrochemical active surface area (EASA) values showed that not all the defects are equally active for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). This suggests the importance of calculating either ASA or EASA in carbon materials with different structures to determine the activity of these defects. The as-prepared defect-containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes exhibit good catalytic performance due to the formation of carbon defects active for ORR such as edge sites and topological defects. Moreover, they exhibit good stability and methanol tolerances. The as-prepared MWCNTs sample with the highest purity is a promising defective carbon material for ORR because its activity is only related to high concentrations of active carbon defects including edge sites and topological defects.

Co, N co-doping controlled preparation of FeS/FeS2 heterojunction for efficient overall water splitting

The low electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of transition metal sulfides have been identified as the primary factors limiting their application in the field of electrocatalytic water splitting. In this study, FeS2 and Co-FeSx were initially synthesized through a hydrothermal method, followed by further annealing in an NH3 atmosphere to obtain Co,N-FeSx. The introduction of Co led to adjustments in the electronic structure, resulting in the formation of FeS2/FeS (FeSx) heterojunctions that facilitated accelerated charge transfer. Simultaneously, Co element doping increased the electrochemical active surface area, providing more active sites for the reactions. N element doping, on the other hand, introduced sulfur vacancies, thereby enhancing electrical conductivity and improving charge transfer efficiency. As a result, Co,N-FeSx exhibited significantly higher activities for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall water splitting compared to FeS2, with overpotentials of 290 mV and 330 mV, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability. The designed structure of the catalyst provides theoretical support for the study of Fe-based catalysts in OER and overall water splitting.

Enhanced water and urea electrolysis at industrial scale current density using self-supported VxNi1-xO trifunctional catalysts

An advance of highly efficient nanostructured electrocatalysts based on non-noble metals for water electrolysis and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) are of great significance for urea-enriched wastewater remediation and producing hydrogen. Herein, we report VxNi1-xO catalysts supported on three-dimensional Ni-foam scaffold for catalytic water and urea electrolysis. VxNi1-xO catalysts show rapid water and urea electrolysis due to enhanced electrochemical surface area (ECSA). Most important of all, the urea oxidation reaction has a lower potential of 1.418V vs RHE as compared to oxygen evolution reaction (1.684 V vs RHE) system to generate 100 mA/cm2. Additionally, a two-electrode cell for bi-functional water electrolysis generates 100 mA/cm2 at a potential of 2.10 V at 20 °C and just 1.86 V at 60 °C temperature due to regulated the adsorption/desorption of intermediates species, enhanced charge and mass transport, and easier desorption of oxygen molecules from the anode. The stability of VxNi1-xO catalyst was measured at 1000 mA/cm2 current density for up to 17 h.

Rough-surfaced polybenzimidazole membranes incorporating sulfonated porous aromatic frameworks for simultaneous enhancement of proton conduction and membrane electrode assembly optimization

The interface between the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and the catalyst layer (CL) has a substantial impact on the performance of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). However, studies on the interface in HT-PEMFCs have been rarely reported. In this work, an effective strategy to mitigate interface problems was designed. A rough-surfaced membrane was successfully constructed by depositing high-surface-area sulfonated porous aromatic frameworks (SPAFs) in poly[2,2′ −(p-oxydiphenylene)-5,5′ −benzimidazole (OPBI) to achieve a dual goal. The catalyst was sprayed on the rough-surfaced side of the composite membranes, and the surface area was significantly increased. Meanwhile, an efficient proton transport pathway within the rough-surfaced membrane was constructed based on hydrophilic nanochannels in SPAFs. As a result, a substantial increase of 1.7 times in the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) was achieved relative to that of a flat membrane. Compared to a pristine OPBI membrane, the membrane with a high content of 20 wt% SPAFs exhibits a 236% increase in proton conductivity at 170 °C and a considerable 1.82-fold enhancement in fuel cell performance under analogous circumstances. This strategy, which simultaneously enhances the proton conductivity of the membrane and strengthens the interface between the membrane and the catalyst layer, provides a new approach to improving the performance of HT-PEMFC.

High-performance direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell using Ni foam-supported Ni-Co nanoparticles as a noble-metal free anode electrocatalyst

The Ni-Co nanoparticles with various Ni/Co ratios are immobilized on a Ni foam (NF) template, coated with reduced graphene oxides (rGO), and used as a novel noble-metal-free anode electrocatalyst for enhanced performance direct borohydride fuel cells. The electrochemical active surface area (EASA) of Ni50Co50 /rGO/NF (1515 cm2) catalyst is 45.5 times larger than NF (33.3 cm2). A comprehensive study of direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DBHPFC) by Pt/C (0.5 mg cm−2) as a cathode and Ni50-Co50/rGO/NF as an anode is accomplished, so an open-circuit potential (OCP) of 1.90 V and the maximum power density of 309 mW cm−2 is obtained at 60 ◦C. These results show that electrocatalyst Ni50Co50/rGO/NF is a suitable candidate for use as an electrocatalyst in DBHPFC due to its low cost, ease of synthesis, excellent structural stability, and high catalytic performance.

Pd-Ru pair on Pt surface for promoting hydrogen oxidation and evolution in alkaline media

Hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline media is critical for alkaline fuel cells and electrochemical ammonia compressors. The slow hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline electrolytes requires large amounts of scarce and expensive platinum catalysts. While transition metal decoration can enhance Pt catalysts’ activity, it often reduces the electrochemical active surface area, limiting the improvement in Pt mass activity. Here, we enhance Pt catalysts’ activity without losing surface-active sites by using a Pd-Ru pair. Utilizing a mildly catalytic thermal pyrolysis approach, Pd-Ru pairs are decorated on Pt, confirmed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Density functional theory and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations indicate preferred Pd and Ru dopant adsorption. The Pd-Ru decorated Pt catalyst exhibits a mass-based exchange current density of 1557 ± 85 A g−1metal for hydrogen oxidation reaction, demonstrating superior performance in an ammonia compressor.

Enhanced electrochemical performance with exceptional capacitive retention in Ce–Co MOFs/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite for advanced supercapacitor applications

This study introduces a high-performance Ce–Co MOFs/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite, synthesized via hydrothermal methods, designed to advance supercapacitor technology. The integration of Ce–Co metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with Ti3C2Tx (Mxene) yields a composite that exhibits superior electrochemical properties. Structural analyses, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), confirm the successful formation of the composite, featuring well-defined rod-like Ce–Co MOFs and layered Ti3C2Tx sheets.Electrochemical evaluation highlights the exceptional performance of the Ce–Co MOFs/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite, achieving a specific capacitance of 483.3 Fg⁻1 at 10 mVs⁻1, a notable enhancement over the 200 Fg⁻1 of Ce–Co MOFs. It also delivers a high energy density of 78.48 Whkg⁻1 compared to 19 Whkg⁻1 for Ce–Co MOFs. Remarkably, the nanocomposite shows outstanding cyclic stability with a capacitance retention of 109 % after 4000 cycles and electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of 845 cm2, coupled with a reduced charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 2.601 Ω and an equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 0.8 Ω. These findings demonstrate that the Ce–Co MOFs/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite is a groundbreaking material, offering enhanced energy storage, conductivity, and durability, positioning it as a leading candidate for next-generation supercapacitors.