Electrochemical Behavior Of Acetaminophen Research Articles

Samarium doped nickel oxide supported on 2D-hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets for electrochemical sensing of Acetaminophen

An effective electrochemical sensor utilizing the superior electrocatalytic activity of SmNiO@BN nanocomposite is presented for the sensitive determination of Acetaminophen. In this study, SmNiO@BN-based nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, RAMAN, XPS, SEM, TEM, and AFM analysis to inspect the structural and morphological constitution. TEM image revealed excellent morphology of hexagonal BN and synthesized nanocomposite. The electrochemical behavior of Acetaminophen on the surface of a modified GCE was studied using CV, DPV, and EIS. SmNiO@BN modified GCE has a synergistically catalytic effect for the oxidation of Acetaminophen attributed to its large surface area, more active sites, rapid charge transfer, and abundance of defects. The proposed electrochemical sensing platform for Acetaminophen detection has high selectivity, low LOD (0.43 µM), a wide linear range (0.5–13,000 µM), and a short reaction time. Modified GCE is useful for Acetaminophen detection in the real sample.

Electrochemical determination of acetaminophen in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine using Ag‐Au bimetallic nanoparticles modified electrode

AbstractIn the present paper, the Ag‐Au bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag‐AuNPs) was prepared by the simultaneous reduction of silver and gold with dextran solution. A novel glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by Ag‐AuNPs was employed for the voltammetric determination of acetaminophen (ACT). The nanoparticles were characterized by UV‐visible spectroscopy method which confirmed the homogeneous formation of the bimetallic alloy nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles’ size was in the range of 20‐50 nm. The electrochemical behavior of ACT at the Ag‐AuNPs/GCE exhibited a higher electrocatalytic effect compared to that observed when GCE was modified with each constituent of the composite and bare GCE. A linear relationship between anodic current of ACT concentration was obtained over the range of 0.4 to 10.2 μM with a detection limit of 0.54 μM. The proposed method was simple, less time consuming and showed a high sensitivity. The application of this electrode to determine ACT in tablets and urine samples was proposed. The application of this electrode to determine ACT in tablets and urine samples was proposed. The results analyzed by the proposed method was not significantly different from that analyzed by standard HPLC method.

Investigation and Comparison of the Electrochemical Behavior of Acetaminophen at Conducting Organic Polymers Electrodes

Investigation and Comparison of the Electrochemical Behavior of Acetaminophen at Conducting Organic Polymers Electrodes

Electrochemical performance of activated screen printed carbon electrodes for hydrogen peroxide and phenol derivatives sensing

Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) are widely used for the electroanalysis of a plethora of organic and inorganic compounds. These devices offer unique properties to address electroanalytical chemistry challenges and can successfully compete in numerous aspects with conventional carbon-based electrodes. However, heterogeneous kinetics on SPCEs surfaces is comparatively sluggish, which is why the electrochemical activation of inks is sometimes required to improve electron transfer rates and to enhance sensing performance. In this work, SPCEs were subjected to different electrochemical activation methods and the response to H2O2 electroanalysis was used as a testing probe. Changes in topology, surface chemistry and electrochemical behavior to H2O2 oxidation were performed by SEM, XPS, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The combination of electrochemical activation methods using H2SO4 and H2O2 proved particularly effective. A reduction in charge transfer resistance, together with functionalization with some carbon‑oxygen groups on carbon ink surfaces, were likely responsible for such electrochemical improvement. The use of a two-step protocol with 0.5M H2SO4 and 10mM H2O2 under potential cycling conditions was the most effective activation procedure investigated herein, and gave rise to 518-fold higher sensitivity than that obtained for the untreated SPCEs upon H2O2 electrooxidation. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen, hydroquinone and dopamine is also shown, as a proof of concept upon the optimum activated SPCEs.

Development of a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Graphene/Au Nanoparticles for Determination of Acetaminophen in Pharmaceutical Preparation

A graphene/Au nanoparticles composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GR/AuNPs/GCE) was developed. Electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen (ACOP) at this modified electrode was studied by liner sweep voltammetry (LSV) in pH 6.0 phosphate buffer solution. The effect factors of the electrochemical response of ACOP were optimized by LSV. Under the optimum conditions, a linear calibration curve of the oxidation peak current of ACOP and concentration was obtained in the range of 1.0 × 10–6 to ~2.2×10–4 M. The peak current increases linearly with the scan rate, indicating that the reaction of ACOP at the modified electrode is adsorption-controlled process. This new proposed method has been successfully employed to determine acetaminophen in pharmaceutical preparation.

Rapid and Selective Determination of Acetaminophen in Surem Via Intermolecule Hydrogen Bonding with Arginineon Graphene

An electrochemical sensor based on arginine (Arg) functionalized graphene (Arg-G) nanocomposite was fabricated for sensitive detection of acetaminophen. The nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectra etc. The electrochemical behaviors of acetaminophen on Arg-G composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of arginine and graphene greatly enhanced the electrochemical response of acetaminophen. This fabricated sensor displayed excellent analytical performance for acetaminophen detection over a range from 0.1 to 100 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.05 μmol L-1 (S/N=3). Moreover, the proposed electrochemical sensor also exhibited good reproducibility and stability, and has been used to detect acetaminophen in tablets and in mouse surem with satisfactory results. Figure 1

Fabrication of Carbon@Co Nanocages/Nafion/Poly Tiopronin Composite Film and Its Application for Determination of Acetaminophen

The carbon@Co nanocages/nafion/poly tiopronin composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared for the first time. The poly tiopronin was constructed by electropolymerization of tiopronin on the surface of GCE and the carbon@Co nanocages fabricated by the calcination of Co-based MOF (ZIF-67) under Ar atmosphere. The structure and surface morphology of the prepared carbon@Co nanocages were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen on the carbon@Co nanocages/nafion/poly tiopronin composite film modified electrode was studied. The results showed that the modified electrode had good electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation and reduction of acetaminophen. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current increased with the concentration of acetaminophen in the range of 0.5∼225 μM, with a detection limit of 0.17 μM. The method was applied to the determination of acetaminophen in the real sample with a RSD less than 3.27% and the recovery range of 97.9∼103.0%. These results indicate that the carbon@Co nanocages/nafion/poly tiopronin composite is a promising platform for fabricating electrochemical sensor.

Au nanoparticles/poly(caffeic acid) composite modified glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of acetaminophen

An Au nanoparticles/poly(caffeic acid) (AuNPs/PCA) composite modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was prepared by successively potentiostatic technique in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution containing 0.02mM caffeic acid and 1.0mM HAuCl4. Electrochemical characterization of the AuNPs/PCA-GC electrode was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen (AP) at the AuNPs/PCA-GC electrode was also studied by cyclic voltammetry. Compared with bare GC and poly(caffeic acid) modified GC electrode, the AuNPs/PCA-GC electrode was exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of AP. The plot of catalytic current versus AP concentration showed two linear segments in the concentration ranges 0.2–20µM and 50–1000µM. The detection limit of 14 nM was obtained by using the first range of the calibration plot. The AuNPs/PCA-GC electrode has been successfully applied and validated by analyzing AP in blood, urine and pharmaceutical samples.

Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of acetaminophen based on glassy carbon electrodes modified with poly(4-aminobenzoic acid)/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide composite films

Poly(4-aminobenzoic acid)/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide composite film modified glassy carbon electrodes (4-ABA/ERGO/GCEs) were fabricated by a two-step electrochemical method. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen at the modified electrode was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that 4-ABA/ERGO composite films possessed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of acetaminophen. The electrochemical reaction of acetaminophen at 4-ABA/ERGO/GCE is proved to be a surface-controlled process involving the same number of protons and electrons. The voltammetric determination of acetaminophen performed with the 4-ABA/ERGO modified electrode presents a good linearity in the range of 0.1–65μM with a low detection limit of 0.01μM (S/N=3). In the case of using the 4-ABA/ERGO/GCE, acetaminophen and dopamine can be simultaneously determined without mutual interference. Furthermore, the 4-ABA/ERGO/GCE has good reproducibility and stability, and can be used to determine acetaminophen in tablets.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF ACETAMINOPHEN AT THE SURFACE OF A GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE MODIFIED WITH MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE

A multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) film coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated, and the electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen (AAP) was studied in Britton–Robinson (BR) buffer (pH 7.0), using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Cyclic voltammograms of AAP showed enhanced redox responses for the MWCNT/GCE with respect to the bare GCE. The anodic peak potential shifted to less positive values by increasing the pH. The electrochemical oxidation of AAP at MWCNT/GCE was quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled. Experimental parameters, such as pH, scan rate, SW frequency and step height, were optimized for AAP measurement. Under the optimum pH of 7.0 in 0.1 M BR buffer solution, the DPV anodic peak current showed a linear relation versus AAP concentration in the range of 7.9×10-7 to 3.4×10-4 M with a detection limit of 3.3×10-7 for DPV, and from 6.5×10-7 to 3.5×10-4 M for SWV with a detection limit of 2.1×10-7 (signal to noise = 3). Moreover, this method demonstrated good reproducibility (RSD = 1.3%, n = 10) and long-term stability. These have been applied to the determination of AAP in effervescent dosage samples.

基于金纳米粒子的对乙酰氨基酚传感器的研究

本文采用循环伏安法将金纳米粒子修饰在玻碳电极表面，制备了GNPs/GC修饰电极。对修饰电极进行电化学及表面形貌的表征，并通过循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了ACOP在GNPs/GC电极上的电化学行为。本文探讨了不同实验条件对电极性能的影响，在最优条件下，ACOP线性浓度范围分别为2.0 × 10-7~2.0 × 10-5 moloL-1和1.4 × 10-4~3.78 × 10-3 moloL-1，其检出限为3.6 × 10-8 moloL-1(S/N = 3:1)，回收率为97.7%~101.0%。 A kind of GNPs/GC modified electrode was prepared by electrodeposited gold nanoparticles on the surface of glassy carbon electrode based on the cyclic voltammetry. Electrochemical properties and surface morphology of the modified electrode were characterized. The electrochemical behaviors of acetaminophen (ACOP) at GNPs/GC electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). The influences of different experimental conditions on the electrode performance were discussed. Under optimal conditions, a linear relationship of ACOP concentration with peak current was obtained over the concentration range of 2.0 × 10-7 - 2.0 × 10-5 moloL-1 and 1.4 × 10-4 - 3.78 × 10-3 moloL-1, respectively. The detection limit was 3.6 × 10-8 moloL-1 (S/N = 3:1) and the recovery was 97.7% - 101.0%.

Glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(taurine)/TiO2-graphene composite film for determination of acetaminophen and caffeine

A novel electrochemical sensor poly(taurine)/TiO2-graphene nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (PT/TiO2-Gr/GCE) was fabricated. This sensor was based on an electrochemically polymerized taurine layer on a TiO2-graphene modified glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical behaviors of acetaminophen and caffeine at the modified electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the oxidation peak currents of acetaminophen and caffeine were linear with their concentrations in the range of 1?10-7-9?10-5 M and 2.5?10-5-2?10-4 M, respectively. The detection limits of acetaminophen and caffeine were 3.4?10-8 M and 5.0?10-7 M, respectively (S/N=3). This modified electrode showed good sensitivity and stability, which had promising potential applications in electrochemical sensors and biosensors design.

Electrocatalytical oxidation and sensitive determination of acetaminophen on glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene–chitosan composite

The electrochemical behaviors of acetaminophen (ACOP) on a graphene–chitosan (GR–CS) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronocoulometry (CC) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Electrochemical characterization showed that the GR–CS nanocomposite had excellent electrocatalytic activity and surface area effect. As compared with bare GCE, the redox signal of ACOP on GR–CS/GCE was greatly enhanced. The values of electron transfer rate constant (ks), diffusion coefficient (D) and the surface adsorption amount (Γ⁎) of ACOP on GR–CS/GCE were determined to be 0.25s−1, 3.61×10−5cm2s−1 and 1.09×10−9molcm−2, respectively. Additionally, a 2e−/2H+ electrochemical reaction mechanism of ACOP was deduced based on the acidity experiment. Under the optimized conditions, the ACOP could be quantified in the range from 1.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−4M with a low detection limit of 3.0×10−7M based on 3S/N. The interference and recovery experiments further showed that the proposed method is acceptable for the determination of ACOP in real pharmaceutical preparations.

Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Caffeine Based on Graphene Oxide/Cerium Hexacyanoferrate Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Graphene oxide was coated on glassy carbon electrode and cerium hexacyanoferrate was then electrodeposited on the modified electrode.Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the modified electrode.The electrochemical behaviors of acetaminophen and caffeine on the modified electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry.The experimental results showed that the electrochemical respond of acetaminophen and caffeine at the modified electrode was significantly improved in acetate buffer solutions(pH 5.0).The concentration of acetaminophen and caffeine showed good linear relationships with the oxidation peak current in the range of 1.0×10-7-6.0×10-5 mol/L and 1.0×10-6-1.3×10-4 mol/L,with correlation coefficients of R=0.990 and 0.992,respectively.The limits of detection for acetaminophen and caffeine were 5.0×10-8 mol/L and 5.2×10-7 mol/L(S/N= 3),respectively.The developed method was used to the determination of spiked urine samples with recoveries of 96.1%-105.4%.

Sensitive detection of acetaminophen based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles-coated poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-functionalized graphene nanocomposite film

An electrochemical sensor based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs)-coated poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)-functionalized graphene (Fe3O4-PDDA-G) nanocomposite was fabricated for sensitive detection of acetaminophen. The nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The electrochemical behaviors of acetaminophen on Fe3O4-PDDA-G composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of Fe3O4 NPs with PDDA-G greatly enhanced the electrochemical response of acetaminophen. This fabricated sensor displayed excellent analytical performance for acetaminophen detection over a range from 0.1 to 100μmolL−1 with a detection limit of 3.7×10−8molL−1 (S/N=3). The redox peaks of acetaminophen, dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) can be well separated on the Fe3O4-PDDA-G/GCE. Moreover, the proposed electrochemical sensor also exhibited good reproducibility and stability, and has been used to detect acetaminophen in tablets with satisfactory results.

Electrochemical determination of acetaminophen based on TiO 2–graphene/poly(methyl red) composite film modified electrode

TiO 2–graphene/poly(methyl red) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (PMR/TiO 2–GR/GCE) was first employed for the sensitive determination of acetaminophen (AC). The electrochemical behavior of AC was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The studies revealed that the oxidation of AC was facilitated at PMR/TiO 2–GR/GCE. In 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The peak current for AC was found to vary linearly with its concentration in the range of 2.5 × 10 − 7 –5 × 10 − 5 M with detection limit of 2.5 × 10 − 8 ( S/ N = 3). The modified electrode showed several advantages, such as simple preparation procedure, high sensitivity, low detection limit and good reproducibility. The proposed method was employed for the determination of AC in commercial pharmaceutical samples.

Graphite oxide film-modified electrode as an electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen

The graphite oxide (GO) was prepared via the chemical oxidation of natural graphite powder, and then used to modify the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen was examined. In 0.01 mol L −1 HCl, an irreversible oxidation peak is observed for acetaminophen, and the peak current remarkably increases at the GO film-modified GCE. The influences of supporting electrolyte, amount of GO suspension, accumulation potential and time were studied on the oxidation peak current of acetaminophen. As a result, a new electrochemical method was developed for the detection of acetaminophen. The linear range is from 25 μg L −1 to 4 mg L −1, and the limit of detection is 6 μg L −1 based on three signal–noise ratio. Finally, it was successfully used to detect acetaminophen in tablets.

The Electrochemical Behavior of Acetaminophen on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode and Its Analytical Application

A multi‐walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (MWNTs/GCE) was fabricated, and the electrochemical behaviors of acetaminophen (ACOP) were investigated on the MWNTs/GCE. The results showed that MWNTs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic effects on the reaction of ACOP by accelerating the electron transfer rate. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to explore the electrochemical redox mechanism of ACOP on the MWNTs/GCE and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was taken to determine ACOP in samples, respectively. The results showed that the oxidative peak currents were linear with the concentration of ACOP in the range of 4.0×10−7–1.5×10−4 mol l−1 with the detection limit 1.2×10−7 mol l−1. The MWNTs/GCE showed satisfactory stability, selectivity, and it can be used to quantify ACOP in effervescent dosage real samples.

Determination of acetaminophen by square wave voltammetry at a gold electrode modified by 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine self-assembled monolayers

A 4-Amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine self-assembled monolayer (AMP SAMs/Au) modified gold electrode was prepared. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen on the AMP SAMs/Au was studied in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solution. Compared to a bare gold electrode, the modified electrode exhibits a significant enhancement in the oxidation current response for acetaminophen. The modified electrode was used for the determination of acetaminophen by square wave voltammetry. The oxidation current increased linearly with the concentration of acetaminophen in the range of 2.0 × 10−6−4.0 × 10−3 M. The modified electrode made it possible to eliminate the interference of dopamine (DA), brucine, epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NE). The practical analytical utility was illustrated by the determination of acetaminophen in a commercially available drug.

Electrochemical determination of acetaminophen using a glassy carbon electrode coated with a single-wall carbon nanotube-dicetyl phosphate film

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were dispersed into water in the presence of dicetyl phosphate (DCP), and then a SWNT-DCP film-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was constructed. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen at bare GCE and SWNT-DCP modified GCE were compared, suggesting that the SWNT-DCP-modified GCE significantly enhances the oxidation peak current of acetaminophen. A sensitive and simple electrochemical method with a good linear relationship in the range of 1.0 × 10−7–2.0 × 10−5 mol L−1, was developed for the determination of acetaminophen. The detection limit is 4.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 for 3-min accumulation. This method was successfully demonstrated with tablets.