Electromechanical Integration Research Articles

TiO2-based nitrogen dioxide gas sensor with transparent ordered micro-hollow bump structure prepared by 3D heterogeneous integration technology

This study produces the TiO2 membrane for a transparent ordered micro-hollow-bump (TOMHB) structure using a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) and 3D heterogeneous integration (HI). The SEM image shows that the diameter and depth of each MHB are 12.5 μm and 8.5 μm. The TEM image shows that a 70 nm-thick TiO2 membrane is uniformly coated onto the MHB using atomic layer deposition (ALD). For NO2 gas sensing, the TiO2 TOMHB gas sensor is measured with and without UV irradiation at a working temperature for the sensor of room temperature, and a measurement time from NO2 injection to exhaust of about 5 min. Without UV irradiation, the gas response is good but the response time is slow and difficult-recoverable. With UV irradiation, the TiO2 TOMHB gas sensor has a fast response and recovery time. Four consecutive stability experiments show that the sensor response has an average value of 9.5 % for NO2 4.25 ppm. The average response time is 7 s and the average recovery time is 144 s. In addition, the TiO2 TOMHB gas sensor is a good selective for NO2 gas. These results show that the TiO2 TOMHB NO2 gas sensor has good stability, reproducibility and selectivity.

Integrated Electromechanical Structure for Iontronic Pressure Sensors with Linear High‐Sensitivity Response and Robust Sensing Stability

AbstractA linear high‐sensitivity response is crucial for flexible electronic skin, particularly in precision detection for applications like intelligent robotics and human‐machine interactions. Prevailing strategies typically adopt a layered, multifaceted material design to cultivate this response, yet this approach often culminates in a diminished capacity to augment sensing stability. The root causes of these limitations are predominantly material mechanical mismatches and interface incompatibilities inherent in these designs. To address these challenges, an electromechanical integration strategy is introduced that simultaneously enhances linear highsensitivity and stability. This strategy is centered on constructing a robust, integrated mechanical and electrical interface within a polyurethane material system through an in situ growth and adhesion process. The iontronic pressure sensor exhibits a linear high‐sensitivity response (16.24 kPa−1, R2 = 0.999) within a wide range (0–300 kPa). Moreover, the sensor's integrated structure, self‐encapsulated through the adhesion between the electrode and dielectric layers, exhibits robust stability, even under complex mechanical stresses. The applications of the sensors in precision weighing and haptic feedback within intelligent gripping systems demonstrate their advantages of both linearity and stable sensing. This work delineates a strategic pathway for the fabrication of high‐performance flexible pressure sensors, contributing significantly to the field of advanced sensing technologies.

Casein Kinase 1 Phosphomimetic Mutations Negatively Impact Connexin-43 Gap Junctions in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.

The transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) has shown promise in preclinical models of myocardial infarction, but graft myocardium exhibits incomplete host-graft electromechanical integration and a propensity for pro-arrhythmic behavior. Perhaps contributing to this situation, hPSC-CM grafts show low expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), the major gap junction (GJ) protein, in ventricular myocardia. We hypothesized that Cx43 expression and function could be rescued by engineering Cx43 in hPSC-CMs with a series of phosphatase-resistant mutations at three casein kinase 1 phosphorylation sites (Cx43-S3E) that have been previously reported to stabilize Cx43 GJs and reduce arrhythmias in transgenic mice. However, contrary to our predictions, transgenic Cx43-S3E hPSC-CMs exhibited reduced Cx43 expression relative to wild-type cells, both at baseline and following ischemic challenge. Cx43-S3E hPSC-CMs showed correspondingly slower conduction velocities, increased automaticity, and differential expression of other connexin isoforms and various genes involved in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Cx43-S3E hPSC-CMs also had phosphorylation marks associated with Cx43 GJ internalization, a finding that may account for their impaired GJ localization. Taken collectively, our data indicate that the Cx43-S3E mutation behaves differently in hPSC-CMs than in adult mouse ventricular myocytes and that multiple biological factors likely need to be addressed synchronously to ensure proper Cx43 expression, localization, and function.

Rational Design of 3D‐Printed Metastructure‐Based Pressure Sensors

Metastructure‐based pressure sensors (MBPS) offer higher sensitivity, broader sensing range, greater design flexibility, and superior performance tunability compared with traditional pressure sensors. Currently, there exists a gap between metastructure architecture design and prediction of sensing performance. To this end, a new design‐to‐manufacturing paradigm is presented. A coupled mechanical‐electrical finite element model is developed to predict sensing performance of systematically designed MBPS. Rapid prototyping by additive manufacturing is achieved via micro‐digital light processing and atomic layer deposition for forming nanoscale conductive coatings. Results indicate that a large sensing range requires high metastructure stiffness, achieved by increasing relative density. However, high sensitivity and reversible sensing both rely on elastic coating deformation—enforcing a balance between these properties. The trade‐off between sensing range and sensitivity is investigated for structures with different Poisson's ratios and fillet ratios. Metastructure architecture design can lead to substantial expansion of the sensing range, enabling pressure detection ranging from 0 to 15 MPa (6.23% strain). An impressive sensitivity variance of 6.8 times has been observed between the highest and lowest MBPS samples. Finally, it is demonstrated how the design framework allows deep electromechanical integration of 3D‐printed sensors with additively manufactured components, such as a truss bridge.

An analysis of the application of mechatronics in the modern automotive field

Nowadays, mechatronics technology is more and more widely used in the automotive field, and the author starts from this point to analyze the development in this field of China. By enumerating concrete examples of the application of electromechanical integration technology in the automotive field, the paper analyzes and summarizes the direction of developing electromechanical integration technology in the current automotive field based on existing literature and data, so as to make a contrast with our countrys low level of electromechanical integration technology, and puts forward several suggestions on the application of electromechanical integration technology in the automotive field. The results show that the application of mechatronics in the modern automobile field is mainly in automatic fuel filling system, car attitude control, ABS anti-lock system, electronic stability program, racing car design and so on, concluding that progress should be made in the fields of enterprise reform, innovation, and specialty setting.

Realization of optimization design of electromechanical integration PLC program system based on 3D model

Abstract A three-dimensional simulation model of the electromechanical control system was built using the fuzzy control proportional–integral–derivative (PID) adjustment algorithm after an automatic electromechanical control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) technology was optimized to achieve the practical use of electromechanical program control. First, the hardware of the electromechanical control system is discussed and designed. The findings demonstrate the viability of the mechanical and electrical integration PLC program optimization solution based on three-dimensional (3D) model. The system has a higher control and management efficiency, which is 30% greater than that of the conventional system. The mechatronic manufacturing system’s continuous operation efficiency enhancement can significantly lower the investment costs and boost the financial gains of industrial organizations. Traditional systems have a control and management efficiency of around 30%, but automatic electromechanical control systems based on PLC technology and created using 3D models have a control and management efficiency between 60 and 70%.

Research on the Application of Mechatronics System in Mechanical Engineering

In the development of modern mechanical engineering construction, the automation level and economic performance of mechanical engineering directly affect the effect of construction technology, so how to use electromechanical integration system, improve the construction quality of mechanical engineering field, has become the main problem discussed by researchers. Especially after entering the era of big data, mechatronics, as an interdisciplinary comprehensive research topic, integrates mechanical technology, automatic control, information technology and other contents, providing a new idea for technological innovation in the field of mechanical engineering. In this paper, on the basis of understanding the research status of mechatronics system, according to the basic structure of modern construction machinery system, in-depth discussion on how to apply mechatronics system in mechanical engineering, clear the future development direction of mechanical engineering construction.

Exploration of the Construction of Huiyu Creative Combinatorial Model Electromechanical Integration Laboratory

Exploration of the Construction of Huiyu Creative Combinatorial Model Electromechanical Integration Laboratory

Practice of Ideological and Political Education in Electrical Engineering Courses

Electrical practical training is an important practical course of majors of electric automation, electromechanical integration and applied electronics. The paper works out the ideological and political elements, and makes clear the moral connotation in the course. With the course assessment as the research focus, it is recommended to integrate ideological and political elements into the formative and summative assessment. Exploring the paths to combine the basic practical training with ideological and political education, the paper aims at cultivating students’craftsmanship of pursuing perfection and better quality and further enhancing students’professional accomplishment.

Quantifying Efforts to Mitigate Interference between an Unmanned Surface Vessel and Starfish 990F for the Identification of Underwater Features in the Littoral Zone

Effective testing of new sensing technologies requires realistic yet deterministic test ranges. The advancements in customizable, adaptive unmanned surface vessels (USV) have contributed to the increasing presence of USVs completing maritime site characterizations of test ranges using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) sensors such as the Tritech Starfish 990F side-scan sonar. This paper aims to present recommendations for the electromechanical integration of a COTS sonar system onto a capable USV through passive techniques such that underwater objects within the littoral zone of Sand Island, Hawaii, are characterized. Results demonstrated a 49% improvement in the sonar images. Therefore, designers are recommended to fully isolate the sensing system from the USV, physically separate the sonar and USV components, and to establish a baseline performance for the system prior to operation.

Purification control system of balanced charge lubricating oil based on PLC

Marine diesel engine lubricating oil after long-term use, due to pollution and chemical activity, internal impurities increased, lubrication effect gradually deteriorated. The lubricating oil purification device based on balanced charge agglomeration (BCA) can realize the on-line purification of lubricating oil. In order to further improve the purification efficiency, a purification control system based on PLC is designed in this paper. The system consists of a complex electromechanical integration equipment composed of oil purification equipment, PLC control equipment and touch screen. The precise control of control parameters is realized by PLC, which ensures the strict logical relationship between various steps of oil purification, and realizes the visualization and convenience of operation process. On this basis, the safety of the device is also guaranteed. Purification device in the actual operation, smooth operation, stable performance, high reliability.

Research on the Integration of Intelligent Technology and Mechatronics in Mechanical Manufacturing

With the arrival of the era of technological revolution, the speed of scientific and technological development has been gradually accelerated, which has effectively promoted the integration of electromechanical equipment as soon as possible and further strengthened the production level. In short, at present, we are in the era of industrial informatization, and electromechanical integration technology has also developed, which has effectively promoted the perfect combination of machinery and electronics. Over time, it has developed into electromechanical integration technology, which can intelligently control various mechanical equipment. For mechatronics technology, the intelligent manufacturing technology can interact closely with the system during the specific use, build an all-round and multi-level intelligent manufacturing, and effectively promote the development of industrial production in the direction of humanization and scientization.

Analysis of Motor Control and Protection Path in Electromechanical Integration Application

Analysis of Motor Control and Protection Path in Electromechanical Integration Application

Application of PLC Electromechanical Integration Technology in CNC Machine Tool

Application of PLC Electromechanical Integration Technology in CNC Machine Tool

A Low-Voltage Cylindrical Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Motor Incorporating Multilayered Piezoelectric Ceramics.

In-plane bending traveling wave ultrasonic motors (USM), which are compact in structure and flexible in design, have been widely applied in biological engineering, optical engineering, and aerospace engineering. However, the high driving voltage and complicated driving circuit of this kind of USM restrict their further miniaturization and electromechanical integration in these applications and bring some potential safety hazards. To solve this problem, a low-voltage-driving traveling wave USM incorporating cofired multilayer piezoelectric ceramics was proposed in this work. Four cofired piezoelectric ceramics were strategically designed to excite two orthogonal third-order in-plane bending modes with the same frequency of the USM. The principles of traveling wave synthesis and low-voltage-driving of the USM were deduced, and the stator dynamic design and transient dynamic simulation were carried out by finite-element method. The microproperties of cofired piezoelectric multilayer ceramics, the vibration characteristics of the stator, and the mechanical output performance of the USM were tested by experiments. The results indicated that the motor can work as low as 5 [Formula: see text]. A long stroke with a maximum forward and reverse rotational speeds of 187.7 and 176.6 r/min were obtained, respectively, and a maximum stalling torque of 4.8 mN · m at 47.3 kHz under 15 [Formula: see text] was achieved. The results showed that the proposed USM is small, low in driving voltage, and high in torque output, which has promising applications in aerospace, biomedicine, and other fields that require a lightweight and integration of driving devices.

Feature recognition of state signal of electromechanical integration railway turnout over health parameters using CMOS area array technology

Feature recognition of state signal of electromechanical integration railway turnout over health parameters using CMOS area array technology

Migratory and anti-fibrotic programmes define the regenerative potential of human cardiac progenitors

Heart regeneration is an unmet clinical need, hampered by limited renewal of adult cardiomyocytes and fibrotic scarring. Pluripotent stem cell-based strategies are emerging, but unravelling cellular dynamics of host–graft crosstalk remains elusive. Here, by combining lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomics in injured non-human primate heart biomimics, we uncover the coordinated action modes of human progenitor-mediated muscle repair. Chemoattraction via CXCL12/CXCR4 directs cellular migration to injury sites. Activated fibroblast repulsion targets fibrosis by SLIT2/ROBO1 guidance in organizing cytoskeletal dynamics. Ultimately, differentiation and electromechanical integration lead to functional restoration of damaged heart muscle. In vivo transplantation into acutely and chronically injured porcine hearts illustrated CXCR4-dependent homing, de novo formation of heart muscle, scar-volume reduction and prevention of heart failure progression. Concurrent endothelial differentiation contributed to graft neovascularization. Our study demonstrates that inherent developmental programmes within cardiac progenitors are sequentially activated in disease, enabling the cells to sense and counteract acute and chronic injury.

Discussion on the Application of Electromechanical Integration System in Mechanical Engineering

Discussion on the Application of Electromechanical Integration System in Mechanical Engineering

Automobile Engine EGR Valve Quick Detection Device

Under the background of the rapid development of the automobile industry and energy conservation and emission reduction, preventing automobile exhaust emissions is very important to control environmental pollution. While directly endangering human health, exhaust gas also has a profound impact on the human living environment. As an essential part of the exhaust gas recirculation device, EGR(Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valve is an electromechanical integration product installed on the engine to control the amount of exhaust gas recirculation of the intake system. Problems with the EGR valve will seriously affect the performance of the engine. This paper aims to develop a testing and quality control device for EGR valve to solve the problems of multi-parameter detection and field test of EGR valve, which can be portable and easy to operate and meet international standards.

Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Electromechanical Integration for Smart Factories of IoT with CNN and FOPID Controller Design under the Impact of COVID-19

This study proposes a design for unmanned chemical factories and implementation based on ultra-low-cost Internet of Things technology, to combat the impact of COVID-19 on industrial factories. A safety and private blockchain network architecture was established, including a three-layer network structure comprising edge, fog, and cloud calculators. Edge computing uses a programmable logic controller and a single-chip microcomputer to transmit and control the motion path of a four-axis robotic arm motor. The fog computing architecture is implemented using Python software. The structure is integrated and applied using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller (FOPID). In addition, edge computing and fog computing signals are transmitted through the blockchain, and can be directly uploaded to the cloud computing controller for signal integration. The integrated application of the production line sensor and image recognition based on the network layer was addressed. We verified the image recognition of the CNN and the robot motor signal control of the FOPID. This study proposes that a CNN + FOPID method can improve the efficiency of the factory by more than 50% compared with traditional manual operators. The low-cost, high-efficiency equipment of the new method has substantial contribution and application potential.