Electrodeposition Of Lead Dioxide Research Articles

Investigation of the electrode reaction of chromium(III) at the lead dioxide electrode

Using the electro-deposited lead dioxide electrode as an indicator electrode, the electrode reaction of chromium(III) was investigated in unbuffered solution covering a pH range of about 2 to 8. Reduction and oxidation peaks, the heights of which increase with chromium(III) concentration, were observed. It was found that the electrode reaction of chromium(III) at the lead dioxide electrode depends on the pH of the solution and that the reaction at a pH lower than 3 differs from that at a pH higher than 3. The lead dioxide electrode seems to be useful for the determination of chromium(III).

The electrodeposition of lead dioxide on titanium

The initial stages of the potentiostatic deposition of lead dioxide from acidic lead nitrate solution, onto titanium wires, have been followed. The observed current transients and size distributions of the nuclei have been related to available theories of electrocrystallization by assuming a stochastic growth process. The inhibiting effects of fluoride ions are emphasized.

ELECTROLYTIC BEHAVIOR OF ACETYLACETONE AT LEAD DIOXIDE ELECTRODE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Abstract By using electro-deposited lead dioxide (PbO2) electrode as an indicator, the electrode reaction of acetylacetone in aqueous solution was investigated. In conclusion, it was found that in the cathodic process electrode lead dioxide is reduced to lead ion which reacts with acetylacetone to form the complex and in the anodic process the lead complex is oxidized again and deposited onto the electrode as lead dioxide.

Leadlead dioxide bielectrodes

Anodic polarization of lead an lead alloys at high cds in chloride solution results in the formation of a thick, voluminous, porous deposit of lead chloride. When a platinum microelectrode is introduced into lead, lead dioxide is formed on the surface of lead in chloride medium during anodic polarization at high cds. As a replacement for costly platinum, lead dioxide pieces which fell during the electrodeposition of lead dioxide were shaped into small cylindrical microelectrodes, inserted into the lead or lead alloys and anodically polarized in chloride solution. In this case lead dioxide is also formed on the surface of the lead or lead alloy. It has been found that the formation of lead dioxide on the leadlead dioxide bielectrode is good in 3% NaCl solution at an anode cd of 3 A/dm 2 and at room temperature. The effect of withdrawal and insertion of lead dioxide microelectrode, and of the relative area of lead dioxide microelectrode, to lead on the formation of lead dioxide is also studied. Studies on the weight change during anodic polarization of lead and lead alloys embedded with lead dioxide microelectrode, in chloride solution and in synthetic sea water show that leadsilver (1%) alloy is by far the best anode from the point of view of the formation of a compact and crackfree deposit of lead dioxide on the surface.

ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHITE SUBSTRATE LEAD DIOXIDE (GSLD) ANODE

AbstractÜbersicht.

The influence of ultrasonics on the electrodeposition of lead dioxide

The influence of an ultrasonic field on the deposition of lead dioxide on to a graphite substrate from an aqueous solution of lead nitrate and copper nitrate has been investigated. In general, the deposits were smooth, adherent and free from pinholes at anode current densities up to 10 A dm−2.

The effect of the additive cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide on the electrodeposition of lead dioxide

The electrodeposition of lead dioxide on graphite substrates was studied earlier. In this work rotation or oscillation of the anode was employed to get a smooth and adherent deposit, free from pinholes. The influence of the addition of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, to the bath during the electrodeposition of lead dioxide has been studied in the present work. It has been found that the addition of the surfactant not only gives a smooth and adherent deposit free from pinholes under stationary condition but also permits the use of higher current densities during deposition. The throwing power, conductivity and surface tension of the bath have been measured. The internal stress in the electrodeposit and anode potential measurements in the presence of CTAB are also reported. Studies on the effect of other quaternary ammonium surfactants like tetradecyl and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromides on the deposition of lead dioxide are also incorporated.

Consumption of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) during Electrodeposition of Lead Dioxide

The beneficial effect of the addition of CTAB during electrodeposition of lead dioxide led to the investigations on the necessity to control the concentration of the addition agent for obtaining a smooth and adherent deposit of the same on a stationary graphite anode. To achieve this, it is important to know the consumption pattern of the addition agent. It has been observed that the CTAB is consumed not only for cathodic reaction but also for anodic reaction. Increasing temperature lowers the consumption of CTAB.

Electro-Deposited Lead Dioxide Plates: A New Technique for Sulfation Rate Studies

Sulfation rates have long been used to estimate roughly atmospheric SO2 content on a monthly basis. Either lead dioxide coated candles or petri dishes (Huey plates) have so far been used.1-6 Although in many advanced countries there are now commercially available duly coated petri dishes which are relatively rugged and can stand moderately rough handling during routine operations, small working groups, particularly in developing countries have to be content with “homemade” plates. In tropical climate we find the Huey plates prone to peeling and damage under adverse climatic conditions or routine operations. Besides, the Pb02 slurry deposition technique demands uniformity and submicron size of deposited PbC>2 which is hard to obtain particularly in “homemade” plates.

Some Properties of Electrodeposited Lead Dioxide

The work reported here deals with the adhesion of electrodeposited lead dioxide to nickel substrates and the electrical performance of this material when used as a battery plate. It has been found ...

Fast linear sweep voltammetry studies on polycrystalline lead and electrodeposited lead dioxide (α and β) inaqueous sulphuric acid

Fast linear sweep voltammetry studies on polycrystalline lead and electrodeposited lead dioxide (α and β) inaqueous sulphuric acid

Fast linear sweep voltammetry studies on polycrystalline lead and electrodeposited lead dioxide (α and β) in aqueous sulphuric acid

Fast linear sweep voltammetry experiment on Pb and PbO 2 (α and β) in H 2 SO 4 are described. The magnitude of the peak current for the anodic oxidation of Pb to PbSO 4 and the cathodic reduction of β-PbO 2 to PbSO 4 is a linear function of the square root of the sweep rate at lower sweep rates and low concentrations of H 2 SO 4 , and the plot shows an abrupt change in slope at higher sweep rates. The experimental data support the view that in low H 2 SO 4 concentrations and at lower sweep rates the rate controlling mechanism for the anodic oxidation of Pb and the cathodic reduction of β-PbO 2 is ionic diffusion in solution and in higher H 2 SO 4 concentrations and higher sweep rates ionic diffusion in the solid state. There is evidence from cyclic sweeping experiments with α-PbO 2 that it undergoes a modification to β-PbO 2 .

Differential Capacitance and Linear Sweep Voltammetry Studies on Polycrystalline Lead and Electrodeposited Lead Dioxide

Impedance and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) studies are reported on polycrystalline Pb and electrodeposited . Theimpedance studies indicate a pzc of for for . The LSV studies indicate that the anodic oxidation of Pb and cathodic reductions of involve mass transport of OH− ions by diffusion in solution. Reduction of complicated by modification; to.

Stress measurements in electrodeposited lead dioxide

Measurement of stress in electrodeposited lead dioxide was carried out using a balance of the Hoar-Arrowsmith type. A lead-nitrate-copper-nitrate bath was used for the deposition. The effect of anode cd, pH, temperature and addition agents on stress is reported. Stress measurement in electrodeposited lead dioxide from different baths was also carried out.

Electrodeposition of Lead Dioxide from Alkaline Solution

An investigation has been made of the properties of lead dioxide electro‐deposited from dilute solutions made alkaline with , i.e., under conditions which were expected to produce . The apparent coulombic efficiency, measured gravimetrically, is strongly dependent on both the pH and the lead (biplumbite) ion concentration. Efficiency values encountered in this study ranged as high as 115%. A detailed composition analysis has been made on a material deposited from solution at an apparent coulombic efficiency of 112%. Analyses for water, lead, and active oxygen lead to the empirical composition Si is the major trace contaminant, as measured by emission spectrography, but it is not present to the extent that silicate need be considered as an integral part of the electrodeposited compound. Quantitative analysis shows that nitrate is not an inclusion. Electron photomicrographs reveal a uniform finegrained structure in which the crystal faces and boundaries are slightly curved. X‐ray diffraction analysis gives an pattern. This is the same pattern reported in the literature for , prepared by chemical methods. The real coulombic efficiency of plating, recalculated on the basis of the analysis for composition, is 98%. The rapid drop in the apparent coulombic efficiency as the pH is increased is suggested to be the result of an approach in the net lead oxidation state to 4.00.

Textures of Electrodeposited Lead Dioxide

Slightly coarse, dull smooth, bright smooth, fibrous, columnar, rough, granular, and porous textures were found for electrodeposited lead dioxide. Textures, relative strengths, and conditions of electrodeposition of lead dioxide are discussed. The bright, smooth lead dioxide was found to be the strongest.

Lead Dioxide Anode for Commercial Use

Results are presented on one phase of a research carried out under an Office of Naval Research contract for the development of an electrode to replace platinum in the perchlorate cell. Electrodeposition of massive lead dioxide is preferably carried out from a lead nitrate bath. Uniquely, anodic deposition on tantalum is possible without polarization or erosion of the base. In the subsequent anodic process use, this tantalum acts as a polarized, inert filler. Sprayed silver permits the formation of an operable, low resistance current contact to the lead dioxide. Operation of a 100 amp perchlorate cell with a lead dioxide anode is described. Current efficiency of the lead dioxide anode is compared to platinum, and the effect of addition is shown.

(135)電着二酸化鉛電極に関する研究(第7報)体心と黒鉛パラフィン混合体とからなる電着基体の従来の除去法の検討ならびにその改良

(135)電着二酸化鉛電極に関する研究(第7報)体心と黒鉛パラフィン混合体とからなる電着基体の従来の除去法の検討ならびにその改良

(269)電着二酸化鉛電極に関する研究 (第6報) 従来の堅牢な電着二酸化鉛の弾性係数ならびに極限強さ

(269)電着二酸化鉛電極に関する研究 (第6報) 従来の堅牢な電着二酸化鉛の弾性係数ならびに極限強さ

(85)電着二酸化鉛電極に関する研究(第5報)温度変化及び内外圧変化により多重円筒(組合せ円筒)に生ずる応力度変化

(85)電着二酸化鉛電極に関する研究(第5報)温度変化及び内外圧変化により多重円筒(組合せ円筒)に生ずる応力度変化