Electricity Consumers Research Articles

A new energetic scenario with renewable energy

The article presents a summary of the new energy scenario, based on distributed generation and on the integration into the electricity networks of the generators of small and medium power. They are based on clean technologies and renewable energy, including cogeneration, micro-generation with renewables (non-fossil energy sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, hydroelectric, biomass), energy storage systems, energy efficiency techniques, and flexibility and demand responsibility techniques. The perspective shows a new system, where thousands or millions of users are their own generators, becoming producers and consumers of electricity. All these generators will be interconnected through an electricity network totally interactive and intelligent. For this new environment a sophisticated control and communications technologies are required to ensure the correct operation of the electricity networks, the creation of new models of power distribution, and advanced technology development of energy storage, power electronics and superconductor devices. The main technology that can lead to this new revolution, equivalent to the technology of silicon, which is revolutionizing the conventional limits of electricity and electronics, is nanotechnology, as well as its applications in the development of new nanostructured materials. The new energy systems will present smaller scale, will be easier to build and dismantle, decentralized, renewable, with localized and decentralized energy production.

Minimal Energy Efficiency Indicators for Poultry Industries

This paper discusses the behaviour of energy efficiency in thermal processes of chicken slaughterhouses in Brazil, as they are large consumers of electricity and have few indicators to system monitoring. The work addresses some indicators that are monitored by the slaughterhouse, the main factors affecting the cooling circuit and the technologies that are available in the market for equipment manufacturers. The article proposes measurements in the refrigeration circuit to implement indicator that monitors the power consumption expended to generate the system's cooling capacity and also check and eliminate factors that affect the cooling system to reduce the power consumption. Energy consumption between two slaughterhouses indicates a 49.27% difference. The disclosure of efficiency comparison information may help the national industry to become more efficient and competitive.

How can green suppliers boost customer loyalty? Model proposition for energy markets

PurposeClean and sustainable energy becomes an alternative to differentiate electricity suppliers, but it is necessary to have a better understanding of their behaviour to achieve green customer loyalty. This paper aims to deploy a behavioural model that helps explain loyalty of customers towards green electricity providers by including a series of antecedents such as trust, satisfaction, perceived environmental impact, propensity to trust and perceived risk.Design/methodology/approachThe paper deploys a behavioural model that it is tested through structural equation modelling to a sample of 231 German electricity consumers with green contracts. The data analysis included two steps: first, the development and validation of the scales used to measure the constructs proposed in the model, and second, the model test.FindingsResults demonstrate that trust and satisfaction directly influence loyalty, while satisfaction and the other variables included in the model have an indirect relationship with loyalty mediated by trust and satisfaction. As green characteristics of electricity are difficult to evaluate, managers should demonstrate in their communication the environmental effects of their activities while emphasising their capacity to attend to supply requirements for building long-term customer relationships.Originality/valueThe paper is focused on the understanding of those consumers who have signed a green electricity contract and the antecedents associated to their loyalty. The behavioural model helps identify how managers should apply marketing strategies to foster green consumers loyalty.

Appropriate methods to analyse Power Conversion Harmonics

Nowadays, non-linear loads represent the majority of the residential electrical consumers. The limits on emission and immunity are imposed by IEC- standards, however there is a lack in the domain 2 – 150 kHz. Where power quality standards focus on the current, EMC standards use voltage limits. An appropriate method for measuring high frequency grid disturbances is explored. Measurement techniques described by the existing standards for power quality and EMC are investigated. The aim of this work is to find a robust measurement method for the considered frequency range 2 - 150 kHz. Experimental results are presented in order to validate the analyzed methods.

Electricity and natural gas tariffs at United States wastewater treatment plants

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are large electricity and natural gas consumers with untapped potential to recover carbon-neutral biogas and provide energy services for the grid. Techno-economic analysis of emerging energy recovery and management technologies is critical to understanding their commercial viability, but quantifying their energy cost savings potential is stymied by a lack of well curated, nationally representative electricity and natural gas tariff data. We present a dataset of electricity tariffs for the 100 largest WWTPs in the Clean Watershed Needs Survey (CWNS) and natural gas tariffs for the 54 of 100 WWTPs with on-site cogeneration. We manually collected tariffs from each utility’s website and implemented data checks to ensure their validity. The dataset includes facility metadata, electricity tariffs, and natural gas tariffs (where cogeneration is present). Tariffs are current as of November 2021. We provide code for technical validation along with a sample simulation.

Mediating role of attitude in green purchase intention for solar power plants: A green marketing analysis

Purpose: The principal objective of this study is to identify the factors that might influence the inclination towards eco-friendly purchases while considering the incorporation of renewable energy via Solar Power Generation Systems (PLTS). Research Methodology: A comprehensive data analysis was conducted using a Structural Equation Model (SEM) facilitated by the SMART PLS. This study targets household electricity consumers in Palembang, Indonesia. Results: The findings indicate that Environmental Knowledge has a significant impact on Green Purchase Intention, whereas green product awareness plays a notable role in influencing green purchase intention. Moreover, it was found that attitude did not significantly affect Green Purchase Intention. Green Product Awareness has a substantial effect on green purchase intentions. Notably, this study establishes that Environmental Knowledge does not impact Green Purchase Intention through attitude, indicating partial mediation. The findings of this study emphasize the critical role of Environmental Knowledge and Green Product Awareness in shaping green purchase intentions among electricity consumers in Palembang, Indonesia. Limitations: Fostering an environment that is conducive to enhancing environmental literacy and promoting awareness of green products is imperative. Contribution: This research explores the various elements that impact the likelihood of making eco-conscious purchases, particularly in relation to embracing renewable energy technologies.

Analysis of the main socio-economic impacts of wind energy in Europe

The large increase in renewable energy sources (RES-E) penetration in the European Union (EU) has raised the concern of policy makers about the costs of public promotion of RES-E, in spite of the commitment of the European Commission to the deployment of RES-E in the last years. This paper is focused on wind energy, because it is the renewable technology with the highest contribution to electricity mix in Europe (excluding hydro). An economic analysis of wind energy contribution should not only take into account the policy costs of the deployment, which are finally paid by electricity consumers, but also its benefits, particularly those related to climate change mitigation and the reduction of fossil fuel dependence distributed among citizens. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap and evaluate the policy costs and the most relevant benefits of wind energy deployment in the EU28 (28 Member States) using 2013 data. For this purpose, an innovated methodology internationally validated has been used. The results show that the benefits considered are relevant and should be taken into account when support costs are assessed and in the future development of energy policies in Europe.

Integrating Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology into the South Asian Electricity Grid System

The electricity situation in South Asian can be described as epileptic with no sign in view of improvement. This epileptic power situation affects the manufacturing, service and residential sectors of the economy which in turn affects the country’s economic growth. Even with the recent reforms in the power sector, more than half of the country’s population still lack access to electricity. The epileptic condition of the power sector can be attributed to the inadequate and inefficient power plants, poor transmission and distribution facilities, and outdated metering system used by electricity consumers. This paper attempts to present the way forward for the South Asian poor electricity situation by reviewing the power sector as a whole and the renewable energy potentials. We identified the problems in the national grid and then proposed a smart grid model for the South Asian power sector which will include renewable energy source. We believe that the content of this re-view paper will solve the poor epileptic condition of the power sector in South Asian and also enable the proper integration of smart grid technology into the national grid.

Literature Review on Purchase Intention of Battery Electric Vehicles and Consumer Innovativeness

Literature Review on Purchase Intention of Battery Electric Vehicles and Consumer Innovativeness

Losses allocation due to penetration of DG and self-consumption operation in distribution systems. Case: PV Solar Energy

This paper deals the losses allocation in distribution systems with distributed generation (DG). From an analysis based on marginalist theory for costs, losses are assigned simultaneously to generators and consumers of electricity. Taking into account, measurement samplings each 15 minutes during a typical day, it is presented an allocation proceeding of losses along the time, managing profiles of demand and generation by voltage levels. The allocation coefficients are calculated from series of power balance with shared self-consumption and power surpluses towards neighboring nodes. It was simulated through a quasi-static modeling for a network of Medium Voltage and Low Voltage, for different levels of penetration PV Solar. It is presented as an alternative for efficient allocation of losses using the Colombian case as study reference.

Distortion and Unbalance Assessing Indices Using Commercial Analysers

Power quality monitoring is assuming an increasing importance because of the large diffusion of nonlinear and time-varying single-phase and three-phase loads and their interactions with the power supply system. This has made that the industrial electrical consumer systematically uses measure equipment to evaluate the electric power quality. The measurements show that the harmonics of the waveforms are variable along with the time due to the changes in the load conditions and in the system configuration. Thus, the electrical users dispose of a great quantity of data from such of the three phases of the supply. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to characterize this great group of registered data. Thus, the objectives of this work are: firstly, to propose two indices, a three-phase total demand distortion index and a three-phase total unbalance index; secondly, this paper proposes a simple way to characterize the groups of data in an statistical way which make easy its representation. The study carried out is applied to the data recently registered in an electrical power system.

A Novel Electricity Theft Detection Strategy Based on Dual-Time Feature Fusion and Deep Learning Methods

To enhance the accuracy of theft detection for electricity consumers, this paper introduces a novel strategy based on the fusion of the dual-time feature and deep learning methods. Initially, considering electricity-consumption features at dual temporal scales, the paper employs temporal convolutional networks (TCN) with a long short-term memory (LSTM) multi-level feature extraction module (LSTM-TCN) and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to parallelly extract features at these scales. Subsequently, the extracted features are coupled and input into a fully connected (FC) layer for classification, enabling the precise detection of theft users. To validate the method’s effectiveness, real electricity-consumption data from the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) is used for testing. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a remarkable detection accuracy of up to 94.7% during testing, showcasing excellent performance across various evaluation metrics. Specifically, it attained values of 0.932, 0.964, 0.948, and 0.986 for precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC, respectively. Additionally, the paper conducts a comparative analysis with mainstream theft identification approaches. In the comparison of training processes, the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in terms of identification accuracy and fitting degree. Moreover, with adjustments to the training set proportions, the proposed method shows minimal impact, indicating robustness.

Measurement of Energy and Power Quality in the Spanish Des-regulated Market

The spanish electrical sector is, since 1997, becoming opened to a free deregulated market, in a progressive way, step by step, finishing the process the next 2007. One of the keys of this deregulation has been the reform of the Spanish regulation for the electrical metering points, necessary for adapt the energy meter fleet to the new needs of the market. This changes in the regulation have arrived later than the transition date for the different steps. Despite this, the different steps have been accelerated, and, since 1st of January of 2003, any electrical consumer can compete for being in the deregulated market. In this article it is tried to give a practical point of view and summarize, the different types of energy meters, depending of the level of consumer.

Demand Side Management in Smart Grid: A Dynamic-Price-Based Demand Response Model

Demand side management (DSM) is an important way to achieve smart energy management. Herein, a dynamic price (DP)-based demand response (DR) model is developed for DSM in smart grid. The proposed DR model can shift the peak electricity demand, thereby improving the power system stability and reliability. In a district-scale smart grid with a high photovoltaic power penetration, the energy service provider (ESP) optimizes the DP to maximize its utilities and reduce the load fluctuation while minimizing the bills and dissatisfaction of electricity consumers (ECs). The game theory model is used to explore the interaction between ESP and ECs, and the existence of Nash equilibrium is proved. The proposed DR model is validated with real-world data from a commercial and residential cluster in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. The results show that the peak electricity demands of commercial and residential ECs decreased by 4.99% and 9.99%, respectively, through the proposed DR model. Meanwhile, the ESP's net profits increased by 7.13% and 2.37%, respectively, while ensuring the ECs’ benefits. The results also demonstrate that the proposed DR model is robust in different scenarios. This article contributes to the effectiveness and efficiency of energy engineering management.

ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНЫЕ И ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МОНОПОЛИИ

This article examines the essence of monopoly, identifies its main causes of emergence, considers the classification of each kind and type of monopoly, and gives a comparative characterization of the main advantages and disadvantages of the object of our study. In addition, we considered the specific features of monopoly, which distinguish it from other types of competition. Undoubtedly, the chosen topic of our study is very relevant and at the present stage of development of society and economic system, because each of us in the process of life, perhaps without even realizing it, faces monopoly, being, first of all, a consumer of electricity, water, gas, etc.

МОДЕЛЬ ТА МЕТОД АНАЛІЗУ ПРАЦЕЗДАТНОСТІ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПРИ НАНЕСЕННІ НЕПРОЕКТНИХ ЗБУРЕНЬ

Abstract. Information and simulation models are important tools in the modern world for analyzing, designing, and optimizing various systems. One effective approach to their construction is the use of graph theory. In this article, we will examine the fundamental principles of constructing an information model using graphs and the method for analyzing the operability of this model under non-projected disturbances. In amidst increasing demands for reliability in the energy sector, the concept of developing an energy system in the form of a layered graph is becoming increasingly relevant and promising. A layered graph simulation model can provide an effective tool for optimizing energy supply and ensuring the stability and reliability of the system. Using a layered graph, it is possible to visualize the hierarchy of different energy sources, including renewable sources, traditional fuel types, and energy-efficient technologies. This will facilitate understanding the interaction between various components of the system and allow for the improvement of their integration. Keywords: electric power system, operability of the electric power system, assessment of the operability of the power supply system, non-project disturbances in the electric power system, generation, transformer substations, electricity consumers.

Применение методологической базы исследования для определения кондуктивной низкочастотной электромагнитной помехи по коэффициенту n-й гармонической составляющей напряжения

With the help of the methodological base of the study (the foundations of probability theory and mathematical statistics), the processing of the experiment conducted at the research object is carried out. This object is the mechanical workshop of CJSC Sibgazstroydetal, which is engaged in providing for the needs of the gas, oil and energy industries. In this paper, the issue of determining the conductive low-frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) by the coefficient of the n-th harmonic component of the voltage (K U(n) ) is studied in detail. Harmonic distortion is a constant phenomenon in electrical networks. Higher harmonics have a negative impact on the electrical network, including on electric consumers (reduced service life, productivity, etc.). The problem of non-sinusoidal voltages has been studied for quite a long time and the results obtained during these studies confirm the presence of a large number of damages to electricity consumers who are in operation. The probability of occurrence of conductive low-frequency EMF by K U(n) at the research site is determined. The paper analyzes the results obtained with the help of the conducted research. According to the results of the analysis, the relevant conclusions are presented.

Reactive power compensation and start-up energy waste reduction of linter device electric motor

In primary cotton processing enterprises, all electricity consumers, including the electricity consumption of the linter, especially the reactive power, are the compensation of the reactive power consumption. In particular, it is seen that the high power consumption of electric energy in the start time mode, which is present in all electric motors, can be eliminated through soft starts, and the effect of soft start on the device is studied.

Evaluating Efficiency and Fairness of Renewable Portfolio Standard in China

This study evaluates the efficiency and fairness of China's Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) using a bi-level numerical model. The model comprises a regulatory level that sets the required share of renewables and a market level where electricity producers and consumers respond to these policies. In a perfectly competitive market, carbon pricing is identified as the most efficient policy to promote the development of renewable energy, while the RPS closely approximates an optimal policy tool. By mandating a certain percentage of renewable energy generation, the RPS significantly promotes renewable energy development and substantially reduces emissions. Additionally, RPS improves welfare levels in the central regions, addressing regional welfare disparities. RPS is deemed appropriate, especially considering that China's carbon pricing mechanisms are not yet fully supportive of renewable energy development.

Literature Review – Analysis of sustainable business models in electric motorcycle rental

The number of motorcycles in Indonesia has significantly increased. According to BPS, by the end of 2022, there will be approximately 125.3 million motorcycle units in Indonesia. During the period from 2012 to 2022, the number of motorcycles in Indonesia increased by about 48.9 million units, or a growth of 64 percent. Automatically, this will contribute to carbon pollution in Indonesia. Electric motorcycles are a solution that can be used to reduce carbon pollution. Historically, there has always been skepticism about adopting new technologies. In the case of electric vehicles (EVs), consumer trust and financial availability are the main obstacles to adoption. One approach to educating and addressing perceived risks and consumer concerns about EVs is by promoting EV rentals. This research aims to examine the development of research on sustainable business models for electric motorcycle rentals, both globally and in Indonesia. The method used is quantitative descriptive statistics through Scopus, and analysis is conducted using VOSviewer. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference for further studies in Indonesia.