Electric Capacity Research Articles

Design and Analysis of Green Building Solar Energy Utilization System Based on BIM

In order to intuitively present the layout and design of the solar energy utilization system, improve the integrity, and consistency of the design. Design and analyze the solar energy utilization system of green buildings based on Building Information Model (BIM). The data acquisition layer collects relevant data of green buildings and solar energy utilization system in RFID and WSN mode and transmits them to the data processing layer; the data processing layer filters the data related to green buildings and solar energy utilization system according to IPC construction standards, and transmits them to the model layer through the Internet of Things; the model layer uses the REVIT software combined with the filtered data to build and update the BIM model of green buildings and solar energy utilization system, intuitively present the layout and design of the solar energy utilization system, and improve the integrity and consistency of the design; the application layer uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, combined with the green building and solar energy utilization system BIM model, to simulate and analyze the solar energy utilization system environment of green buildings; the user layer provides users with human–computer interaction functions to view the design and analysis process of the solar energy utilization system of green buildings. Experiments show that this method can effectively collect relevant data of green buildings and establish a BIM model of solar energy utilization system; this method can effectively design the solar energy utilization system of green buildings; the solar energy utilization system designed by this method can effectively reduce the electric heating capacity of green buildings, and has an excellent energy-saving effect.

Study of correlation between the parameters of dielectric absorption when diagnostics of insulation of three-core power cables by applying aggregate measurements

Three-core power cables with paper-impregnated insulation in a common metal sheath contain several layers of dielectric formed by phase and belt insulation between the cores and the sheath. When diagnosing the technical condition of the insulation of such cables according to the parameters of electrical capacity and tg δ, the problem of experimental determination of individual parameters for each of the insulation layers of the power cable arises. When evaluating the individual values of the dielectric absorption parameters of each of the insulating layers in three-wire power cables by applying aggregate measurements, the formation of a system of equations can be carried out in two different ways. In the first case, the unknown values of the capacitance and tg δ of each of the 6 insulating layers (of which 3 are formed by the insulation layers between the cores of the power cable and 3 dielectric layers between each of the cores and the sheath) are directly determined by solving a system of 6 linear algebraic equations. In the second case, the individual parameters of the dielectric are determined by minimizing the root-mean-square error of solving the redefined system of equations using the method of least squares. According to the results of the calculations, it is shown that when evaluating the uncertainties of dielectric absorption parameters using aggregate measurements, the correlations between the aggregate values can be disregarded.

Surface passivation strategies for CsPbBr3 quantum dots aiming at nonradiative suppression and enhancement of electroluminescent light-emitting diodes.

With many fascinating characteristics, such as color-tunability, narrow-band emission, and low-cost solution processability, all-inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have attracted keen attention for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) and display applications. However, the performance of perovskite QLED devices is intrinsically limited by the inefficient electrical carrier transport capacity. Herein, one facile but effective method is proposed to enhance the perovskite QLED performance by incorporating a short carbon chain ligand of 2-phenethylammonium bromide (PEABr) to passivate the CsPbBr3 QD surface. With the PEABr ligand, the Br- vacancies are passivated, which could eliminate nonradiative recombination of perovskite QDs; thus their optical properties are enhanced. Meanwhile, PEABr can interact with perovskite QDs to adjust the perovskite film morphology, resulting in low current leakage and efficient electron injection. After the PEABr treatment, the CsPbBr3 QD film exhibits strong green emission located at 516 nm, with an average photoluminescence lifetime of 45.71 ns and a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 78.64%. In addition, the surface roughness of the CsPbBr3 QD film is reduced from 3.61 nm to 1.38 nm, which is essential to prepare a QD film with high surface coverage. As a result, the QLED device with PEABr treated CsPbBr3 QDs exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 32.69 cd A-1 corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 9.67%, 3.88-fold higher than that of the control device (pure QDs as an emission layer). This research provides an effective strategy for the improvement of the perovskite QLED performance and may be helpful for extending their actual applications.

The Nexus between Electricity Generation and Agricultural Development in Africa

This study examines the dynamic connections between electricity generation and agricultural development, utilizing dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation techniques and annual time series data spanning from 2000 to 2020. The findings offer valuable insights into the impact of electricity generation on agricultural progress. Firstly, both electric power generation and energy generation capacity were negatively and significantly linked to agricultural development in Africa. This suggests that despite increases in electric power and energy generation, agricultural development may not improve due to inefficiencies in the energy infrastructure, including inadequate transmission and distribution networks, unreliable grid connectivity, energy losses, and distribution issues that prevent electricity from reaching rural areas where agriculture is predominantly concentrated. Second, further analysis reveals a significant and positive association between electricity consumption, access to electricity, and agricultural development in Africa. This indicates that expanding electricity access and increasing its consumption in agricultural activities can significantly enhance agricultural productivity and growth across the continent. These results emphasize the importance of improving infrastructure and optimizing capacity utilization to ensure that the growth in electricity generation capacity translates into tangible benefits for agricultural development in Africa. Thus, the study underscores the pivotal role of electricity generation, consumption, and access in promoting agricultural development, while highlighting the need to address infrastructure inefficiencies to achieve sustainable growth.

Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies and Capacity Prediction: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Trends and Influencing Factors

Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies and Capacity Prediction: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Trends and Influencing Factors

Energy-Efficient Collision-Free Machine/AGV Scheduling Using Vehicle Edge Intelligence.

With the widespread use of autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs), avoiding collisions has become a challenging problem. Addressing the issue is not straightforward since production efficiency, collision avoidance, and energy consumption are conflicting factors. This paper proposes a novel edge computing method based on vehicle edge intelligence to solve the energy-efficient collision-free machine/AGV scheduling problem. First, a vehicle edge intelligence architecture was built, and the corresponding state transition diagrams for collision-free scheduling were developed. Second, the energy-efficient collision-free machine/AGV scheduling problem was modeled as a multi-objective function with electric capacity constraints, where production efficiency, collision prevention, and energy conservation were comprehensively considered. Third, an artificial plant community algorithm was explored based on the edge intelligence of AGVs. The proposed method utilizes a heuristic search and the swarm intelligence of multiple AGVs to realize energy-efficient collision-free scheduling and is suitable for deploying on embedded platforms for edge computing. Finally, a benchmark dataset was developed, and some benchmark experiments were conducted, where the results revealed that the proposed heuristic method could effectively instruct multiple automatic guided vehicles to avoid collisions with high energy efficiency.

Research on the Optimization of Park Microgrids Based on Renewable Energy Utilization and Storage Systems

In recent years, renewable energy has been widely used, meeting global energy demands and domestic challenges. However, its intermittency and instability remain debated. For this reason, to obtain the allocation of renewable energy scenarios for different scenarios, this study simulates the microgrid reserve optimization problem for three parks. Optimize the strategy and determine the total power supply cost for the purchased electricity. Use power consumption as the transmission medium to optimize electric capacity. In conclusion, the initial objective was to integrate an energy storage apparatus to optimize energy storage and reduce power consumption as a fundamental premise. Optimize the energy storage system by considering equipment layout cost and minimum power consumption. Build a math model for comprehensive optimization of wind and PV reserves. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the energy storage system, resulting in an optimal energy storage power of 146 kW. This methodology ensures the lowest average power consumption for the energy storage system. Compared to pre-optimized energy storage, the average electricity cost for the three parks is significantly lower. The marginal contribution of the three parks ABC is ¥4409, ¥5423, and ¥4853, respectively, and the total marginal contribution is $14685, which shows good economic efficiency.

Nuclear Cogeneration to Support a Net-Zero, High-Renewable Electricity Grid

UK Government projections anticipate increasing electricity use, provided by variable renewables (i.e., wind and solar PV). A side effect of increasing the proportion of variable renewable generation is increased support costs, including curtailment, energy storage, and (most significantly) the cost of supplying electricity for periods of high demand when variable renewable generation is low. As the proportion of variable renewable capacity increases, demand for supporting capacity increases but the capacity factor of the support generation decreases, raising the support costs. Using nuclear power for dedicated baseload supply makes the situation worse. This paper explores in the UK context an original low-cost solution using nuclear cogeneration with hydrogen production as the main application. Electricity is diverted at low cost to the grid at times of high demand when renewables are not available. This ensures nuclear maintains a high capacity factor. When higher temperature advanced systems become available, using thermal energy storage will increase the nuclear electrical capacity. This “Flexible Nuclear” scenario substantially reduces support costs for accommodating variable renewables, saving GBP 14 bn/yr and leading to an 80% reduction in CO2 equivalent emissions, compared to a recent UK Government scenario utilising a large capacity of hydrogen and unabated gas generation at very low capacity factors.

BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2 Longitudinal Rods: Single‐Source Precursor Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Applications for Supercapacitance and Catalysis

AbstractThis study investigates a unique and energy‐efficient BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2 nanocomposite chalcogenide system that was made using a single source dithiocarbamate precursor route. The produced dithiocarbamate metallic sulfide has an average crystallite size of 17.38 nm and a small band gap of 3.76 eV. An examination of functional groups revealed the existence of several linkages, including the metal sulfide bond. Morphologically, BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2 appeared as elongated rods showing greater surface area for electrochemical activity. By constructing a nickel foam electrode and covering it with a slurry of BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2, the electrochemical charge‐storing behavior of BaS3:Sb2S3:GdS2 was assessed. Prepared electrode exhibited auspicious electrical charge storage capacities with a specific capacitance reaching upto 633.32 F g−1. These findings suggest that there is a significant amount of potential for energy storage in the electrode. This electrode also exhibited a reduced series resistance of (Rs) = 0.31 Ω according to the impedance experiments, and a specific power density of 9109.16 W kg−1. In terms of electrocatalysis, the electrode produced oxygen production overpotential and corresponding Tafel slope of 334 mV and 366 mV dec−1, whereas the hydrogen production overpotential and Tafel slope were 229 mV and 175 mV dec−1, correspondingly.

Influence of half open coil structures on overall continuous induction heating of variable cross section pipe before quenching

Resistance heating of variable cross-section pipes before quenching can cause austenite grain coarsening, leading to inferior properties in thin-wall segments. This method also suffers from low heating efficiency, high energy consumption, and is time-consuming. This study compared the effects of variable cross section (VCS) and equal cross section (ECS) coil structures on overall continuous induction heating, aiming to investigate rapid and uniform heating solutions for this type of pipe. The results showed that the workpiece could be heated to the quenching temperature of 890 °C within 30 min using both coils. The ECS coil demonstrated superior heating efficiency, while the VCS coil exhibited better heating quality along the axial direction. Optimizations in VCS coil, including dynamic power control and insulation measures significantly improved the heating quality, with the final temperature distribution of the workpiece basically meeting the quenching requirements. Furthermore, an induction heating experiment was conducted to validate the reliability of the analysis model, showing good alignment with the simulated results. Overall, the application of half-open coil induction heating for variable cross-section pipes is feasible, offering a high efficiency and qualified heating quality. However, this technology is better suited for large-scale manufacturing, as each coil structure can only match one product specification; otherwise, it could significantly increase equipment costs. Additionally, for heating large workpieces, the workshop should have sufficient electrical load capacity to meet the power supply requirements.

Preparation, Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Mg1-X Cu2+X O3

Magnesium copper oxide MgCu2O3 belongs to the space group Pmmn (setting 2) and has a crystal structure (GA phase) consisting of zigzag edge-sharing CuO4 planes arranged in 2D Cu2O3 layers and MgO6 octahedra. The Mg2+ between the Cu2O3 layers can be inserted and removed in the crystallographic c-axis direction as shown in Fig. 1. Hence, MgCu2O3 can be a potential cathode material for magnesium ion batteries. According to M. Paranthaman et al., the crystal structure changes depending on sintering temperature; apart from the GA phase, there are phases called GB and GX whose detailed crystal structures have not been elucidated [1]. MgCu2O3 can also be synthesized as a single-phase by partially substituting Cu for the Mg(2a) site. The detailed chemical formula is then expressed as Mg1-x Cu2+x O3. Such a partial substitution of Cu inhibits Mg conduction and would reduce electrical capacity, samples with higher Mg occupancy are needed. Kobayashi first investigated the electrochemical characteristics of the GA phase, and reported that the electrical capacity of 31 mAh/g and the potential of 0.7 V vs. Mg/Mg2+ [2]. Since different results for the single-phase composition of the GA phase have been reported [3], we determined the single-phase compositional range of the GA phase by varying the sintering temperature in oxygen stream. We also analyzed the crystal structure of the GA phase, in particular the Mg occupancy at the 2a site. The samples were prepared using MgO and CuO reagents, weighed in the desired ratio. Sintering was performed at 1000, 1030, and 1050℃. Powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis were used for crystal structure analysis. Battery performance was evaluated using three electrode cells by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). When annealed at 1000℃, the lower limit value x of the single-phase region of the GA phase was 0.13. For the x=0.13 sample, the occupancy of Mg at the Mg site was 84.2%, and the occupancy of Mg decreased as x increased. The electrical capacity was 72 mAh/g and the potential was 2.0 V vs. Mg/Mg2+ for this sample. By increasing the sintering temperature, the single-phase composition range widened and the Mg occupancy at the Mg site increased. At the conference, we will also report the results of single-phase region and crystal structure analysis of samples sintered at 1030℃ and 1050℃, as well as the results of CV measurements.Reference[1] M. Paranthaman, K. A. David and T. B. Lindemer, Materials Research Bulletin, 32, 165 (1997).[2] F. Kobayashi, Graduation Theses, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, (2010).[3] K. Oh-ishi, Y. Tsuchiya, Y. Iizuka and H. Yamane, J. Solid State Chem., 160, 251 (2001).CaptionFigure 1. Crystal structure and Mg conduction pathway (yellow-curved surface) in MgCu2O3. (blue and red circles represent Cu and O atoms, respectively) Figure 1

Precise Electrochemical Analysis of Carbon-Based Negative Electrode

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are required to have high energy density, high power density, and long life properties. The development of materials for active materials, which are directly involved in the redox reaction of electrodes, is important for improving the performance of storage batteries. Therefore, precise electrochemical properties of active materials should be understood. However, applied electrodes used for general performance evaluation of storage batteries are mainly composed of active material, conductivity additive, and binder, and it is difficult to evaluate only electrochemical properties of the active material. Therefore, we investigated the single-particle electrochemical measurements (SPEM), which enables electrochemical measurement of a single active material particle by using a probe with a Pt wire covered by glass. On the other hand, diluted electrode method[1], which can be relatively easily achieved by replacing some of the active material in to the applied electrode with electrochemically inactive Al2O3. In this study, HCS[2] particles, in which multiple Si nanoparticles are constrained by non-graphitizable carbon (HC) as electrode active materials to physically suppress the volume changes according to the redox reactions, and HC fabricated by similar conditions as the case of HCS, were analyzed and evaluated to compare and investigate electrochemical measurements using SPEM and diluted electrode methods. To prepare the probe for the measurement, the Pt wire (f 20 mm) was inserted into a glass capillary, heated and coated. To ensure sufficient contact between the active material particles and the probe, the tip of the probe was polished. All electrochemical measurements by the SPEM were performed in a glove box with an Ar inert atmosphere. The open cell was used for the measurements consisted of a Li metal foil (counter electrode/reference electrode) on to a stainless steel cup, a glass separator covered with active material particles, and dropped of electrolyte (1.0 mol kg-1 EC-LiFSA). Electrochemical measurements were performed by the fabricated probe into contact with a single active material particle and observed it from above using side with a digital microscope. A dilute applied electrode sheet containing active material , conductivity aid, binder, Al2O3 was prepared. A slurry of HCS and HC, acetylene black (AB), and binder in a mass ratio of 62.5:17.5:20 was applied onto the Cu foil current collector. After drying the prepared electrode sheet in a thermostatic oven for 24 hours, the sheet was punched out at f 16 mm in diameter to prepare a 2032-type coin cell. The diluted electrodes were prepared with varying the weight ratio of x HCS: (1 - x ) Al2O3(x = 1, 0.5, 0.1), and constant current charge-discharge tests were performed, respectively. Fig. 1(a) and (b) show the constant-current charge-discharge profiles of the applied electrodes fabricated with active material percentages of 100 and 10 wt%, respectively. The obtained charge-discharge profiles showed a gradual potential changes around 1.5 - 0.2V. This voltage changes can be attributed to the structural disorder of HC in the HCS. Fig. 2 shows the constant-current charge-discharge profiles using a single HCS particle. The electric capacity in the single particle was calculated from the volume density assuming the particles to be true spheres. The obtained charge-discharge profile exhibits sufficient capacity, suggesting that feasible single-particle measurement of HCS single particles. Moreover, multiple potential changes similar to the charge-discharge behavior of graphite (C6) were observed around 1.5 - 0.2 V. This result might be suggested to the single particle measurement corresponds to the observation of a local area, unlike the applied electrode, where comprehensive information on multiple active materials (104 order grains/cm2) is obtained. A stepwise reaction might be proceed layer by layer, similar to C6. In addition, Fig. 1(b) shows a different charge-discharge profile compared to Fig. 2, suggesting that the environmental conditions at the 10 wt% diluted electrode are not similar to those of the result of single-particle measurement. Of course is further investigation in the active material fraction is necessary. In the presentation, We will report the results of constant-current charge-discharge tests of composite electrodes with active material weight percentages of 100, 50, 10, and 1 wt%, constant-current charge-discharge tests using HCS and HC single particles, and constant-potential tests.[1] T. Sawahashi et. al., RSC Adv., 13, 21667-21672 (2023). [2] U. Tsunoda et. al., Mater. Adv., 4, 4436-4443 (2023). Figure 1

Mechanism of Charge Transfer Via Dielectric Interfaces in Li Ion Battery

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are utilized into the power source of the electric vehicles (EVs) due to their relatively high energy density (~200 Whkg-1), originating from high theoretical capacity of the bulk oxide electrodes. In order to deliver both excellent acceleration and better fuel efficiency, LIBs is required to achieve a good balance between high power density (low cell resistance) and high electric capacity. The high-rate capability of LIBs is generally limited by the slow charge transfer at the electrolyte–electrode interface. In particular, the slow Li diffusion through the solid electrolyte interfaces (SEIs), namely an undesirable byproduct, attributing to the electrolyte decomposition during cycling, severely increase the charge transfer resistance (R ct) of the cell. Oxide-layer decoration of the active material, e.g., Al2O3, can act as barrier layers to prevent undesirable side reactions at the electrolyte–active material interface, thus preventing the evolution of mentioned native SEIs [1]. Nanoscale coating of such protection layers, regarded as an artificial SEI, also allows a faster Li transfer at the electrolyte–cathode interface, rather than the Li diffusion via native SEIs, resulting in better high-rate characteristics. We have been proposing the partial surface decoration onto the active materials by dielectric nanoparticles as an artificial SEI, which enables faster charge transfer architecture via the surface Li diffusion of the dielectric layer [2]. For instance, incorporating BaTiO3 (BTO) nanoparticles into the surface of LiCoO2 (LCO) led to drastically enhanced high-rate capabilities. A series of experimental results and calculations utilizing density functional theory and molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) implied the improved activity at interfacial charge transfer is responsible for the faster Li adsorption and subsequent desolvation process at the dielectric surfaces. In this study, the dominant factors determining the adsorption and desolvation activities, which are strongly affecting high rate capability, were elucidated. The cell evaluations of the cathodes modified with various metal oxides SEIs, in addition to the conventional BTO based compounds, were performed as a function of the local chemical structure as well as the surface polarization between cation and neighborhood anions.[1] L. Daheron, R. Dedryvere, H. Martinez, D. Flahaut, M. Menetrier, C. Delmas, and D. Gonbeau, Chem. Mater, 21, (2009), 5607–5616.[2] T. Teranishi, K. Kozai, S. Yasuhara, S. Yasui, N. Ishida, K. Ishida, M. Nakayama, A. Kishimoto, Journal of Power Sources, 494, (2021) 229710.

CO2-converted carbon nanotubes produced from molten salt electrolytes process for application of eco-friendly sustainable anode for sodium ion batteries

CO2-converted carbon nanotube (CNT) has been synthesized from industrial carbon dioxide emissions using a molten salt electrochemical process for an eco-friendly sustainable anode of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). The synthesized CNT have diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nm, and they combine with hard carbon (HC) to serve as SIB anode material. The synthesized CNT has the following roles: increasing the electrical conductivity of anode material, improving charge-discharge cycle stability, and enhancing sodium ion storage. We integrate these CNT into hard carbon by varying CNT contents, denoted as HC_xCNT(M), where x represents the weight of the CNT. So, the HC_5CNT(M) anode works better in half-cell SIBs, being able to handle different charging rates and reaching a maximum specific capacity of 256.7 mAh g−1 at a 0.2C-rate. This material also displayed remarkable stability, maintaining a specific capacity of 99.48 mAh g−1 at 1C-rate and the capacitive retention remained at 99.1 % after 800 cycles. The CO2-converted CNT can improve electrical conductivity, specific capacity, and cycle stability, according to electrochemical analysis results. This innovative approach not only contributes to sustainable energy storage but also provides a valuable solution for reducing carbon emissions and repurposing industrial waste.

Performance of a CO2-based mixture cycled transcritical pumped thermal energy storage system

The transcritical CO2 cycle has the characteristics of high power density, high stability and high thermal energy transfer efficiency. It has been employed in pumped thermal energy storage system and ice slurry often serves as the cold storage material. However, ice slurry is not an optimal choice for cold storage due to its huge volume and high cost. In this study, an innovative transcritical pumped thermal energy storage system cycled with CO2-based mixtures is proposed. Temperature of the CO2-based mixture changes during the phase transition process, which means that simple two-tank cold energy storage arrangement with fluid heat materials is feasible to achieve the phase change of working fluid. R32, R161, propane, butane and pentane are screened to mix with CO2, respectively. Multi-parametric analysis of proposed system is conducted to assess its technical and economic performance. The Monte-Carlo method is employed to investigate the system uncertainty. Results display that for a 10 MW/8h scale the system cycled with CO2/R32 has the minimum levelized cost of storage of 0.1655 $/kWh, with a round trip efficiency of 65.51 %. The optimal levelized cost of storage is 0.1678 $/kWh, 0.1801 $/kWh, 0.1781 $/kWh and 0.1801 $/kWh for R161, propane, butane, and pentane, in sequence. The system investment cost decreases as the operating durations increase. The mean levelized cost of electricity and energy capacity cost are separately reduced by 29.35 % and 48.24 % as the installed capacity is extended from 10 MW to 10000 MW.

Abstract 4124354: Transplantation of vascularized cardiac microtissue derived from human iPS cells improves impaired electrical conduction capacity in a porcine myocardial injury model

Background: To realize efficient regenerative medicine using human iPS cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac tissue, it is necessary to achieve electrical synchronization between the graft and the host heart and to improve conduction disturbances in the impaired heart. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that the transplantation of hiPSC-derived vascularized cardiac tissue can improve these conduction disturbances using a porcine myocardial injury model. Methods: We prepared cell sheet-shaped vascularized cardiac microtissue (VCM) by seeding cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular mural cells differentiated from hiPSCs onto temperature-responsive culture plates and thickening them using dynamic rocking culture. We induced myocardial injury (MI) via epicardial cryoablation in immunosuppressed crown minipigs and transplanted the VCMs immediately after MI induction, covering the cryoinjury-induced MI area. The pigs underwent epicardial electroanatomic mapping under sinus rhythm and epicardial pacing, both immediately before and one week after MI induction, while using amiodarone. Differences in myocardial voltages and conduction velocities were assessed between VCM and sham groups (N=3 in each group). After electroanatomic analysis, the hearts were harvested and subjected to histological examination. Results: One week after MI induction, mean voltages at the MI site decreased in both groups during sinus rhythm, remote site pacing, and combined remote and MI site pacing (11.05 to 1.74 mV, 14.26 to 3.44 mV, and 15.61 to 3.67 mV, respectively, in the VCM group; and 8.72 to 2.70 mV, 19.64 to 3.64 mV, and 14.66 to 1.96 mV, respectively, in the Sham group). Mean voltages at the remote site also decreased in both groups during the same conditions (12.57 to 4.53 mV, 10.61 to 3.38 mV, and 19.56 to 5.85 mV, respectively, in the VCM group; and 8.75 to 6.03 mV, 14.15 to 5.79 mV, and 13.67 to 6.23 mV, respectively, in the Sham group). The mean conduction velocity between the remote and MI sites was numerically higher in the VCM group compared to the Sham group (2.84 m/s vs. 1.74 m/s, respectively). Histological examination confirmed that in the VCM transplantation group, the VCM remained intact, completely covering the MI area. Conclusions: The transplantation of VCM showed a tendency to improve conduction disturbances in the porcine MI model. This suggests that the graft may synchronize with the host and function mechanically after cell transplantation.

Multi-objective model for electric vehicle charging station location selection problem for a sustainable transportation infrastructure

The transportation industry mostly depends on conventional vehicles, leading to significant adverse effects on the environment. The widespread usage of electric vehicles can be seen as a relief for this problem. However, the success of electric vehicles largely depends on the availability and proper deployment of charging station infrastructure. It is crucial for cities to strategically select suitable locations for charging stations with adequate capacity levels to promote sustainable and environmentally-friendly transportation options. Hence, in this study, a multi-objective model is proposed for the electric vehicle charging station location selection and capacity allocation problem. The model aims to maximize customer satisfaction, minimize total risk, and minimize costs as key objective functions. To manage the demand effectively, the region of interest is divided into grids. The proposed multi-objective model is applied to the European side of Istanbul and solved by using AUGMECON2 technique. Finally, computational analyses are presented based on scenarios including different demand values. These analyses provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of the proposed model and its implications for achieving sustainable transportation in Istanbul.

Empowering microgrids for sustainable transportation electrification: A comprehensive methodology for resource adequacy and grid resilience

Transportation electrification has emerged as a pivotal solution to mitigate carbon emissions from the transportation sector. However, this shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) presents significant challenges for municipalities and utilities, particularly in ensuring the electrical grid's capacity to meet the increased demand. In this sense, this work introduces a novel methodology to address these challenges by 1) quantifying the impact of EVs on the hosting capacity (HC) of residential microgrids (MGs), and 2) proposing a novel control strategy to meet grid resource adequacy requirements under high levels of transportation electrification. For this, first, a simplified approach to quantify the overall demand in residential MGs, accounting for the influence of EVs and typical demand profiles based on real-world data from municipalities and utility systems is developed. Second, a new frequency controller is introduced, utilizing Distributed Phasor Measurement Units (D-PMU) and mobile energy sources (MES) to ensure compliance with resource adequacy requirements under high levels of EVs penetration. The proposed controller takes advantage of the low latency and high-resolution capabilities of D-PMU technology to enable the harnessing of MES, preventing critical frequency nadir events, and improving the overall system resource adequacy performance under both transient and steady-state analysis. Real-world data from Seattle, WA, USA, is used in the developed case studies, and comparative analysis between traditional SCADA, state-of-the-art D-PMU-based controller, and the proposed controller is presented. The obtained results indicate that significant improvements are achieved by the proposed controller, empowering utilities to ensure reliable operations amidst transportation electrification challenges imposed on resource adequacy.

Application of GIS in Introducing Community-Based Biogas Plants from Dairy Farm Waste: Potential of Renewable Energy for Rural Areas in Bangladesh

Dairy production is one of the most important economic sectors in Bangladesh. However, the traditional management of dairy cow manure and other wastes results in air pollution, eutrophication of surface water, and soil contamination, highlighting the urgent need for more sustainable waste management solutions. To address the environmental problems of dairy waste management, this research explored the potential of community-based biogas production from dairy cow manure in Bangladesh. This study proposed introducing community-based biogas plants using a geographic information system (GIS). The study first applied a restriction analysis to identify sensitive areas, followed by a suitability analysis to determine feasible locations for biogas plants, considering geographical, social, economic, and environmental factors. The final suitable areas were identified by combining the restriction and suitability maps. The spatial distribution of dairy farms was analyzed through a cluster analysis, identifying significant clusters for potential biogas production. A baseline and proposed scenario were designed for five clusters based on the input and output capacities of the biogas plants, estimating the location and capacity for each cluster. The study also calculated electricity generation from the proposed scenario and the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction potential of the biogas plants. The findings provide a land-use framework for implementing biogas plants that considers environmental and socio-economic criteria. Five biogas plants were found to be technically and spatially feasible for electricity generation. These plants can collectively produce 31 million m3 of biogas annually, generating approximately 200.60 GWh of energy with a total electricity capacity of 9.8 MW/year in Bangladesh. Implementing these biogas plants is expected to increase renewable energy production by at least 1.25%. Furthermore, the total GHG emission reduction potential is estimated at 104.26 Gg/year CO2eq through the annual treatment of 61.38 thousand tons of dairy manure.

Electrochemical reduction and recovery of trace gold(I) from environmentally friendly thiosulfate leaching solutions using carbon electrodes

Efficient recovery of Au(S2O3)23− at low concentrations is a key challenge for the development of environmentally friendly, cyanide-free thiosulfate leaching methods in industry. In the study, carbon materials including activated carbon (AC), graphite, and graphene were used as electrodes for electrochemical reduction and recovery (electro reduction-recovery) of trace gold(I) from thiosulfate leaching solutions (Au(S2O3)23−). The results demonstrated that Au(S2O3)23− could be efficiently recovered in the form of Au0 with nearly 100 % recovery from both simulated and actual gold ore leaching solutions, significantly simplifying traditional recovery and reduction processes. Even in the presence of impurities such as cations and S2O32−, recovery remained high, around 90 %. Among the parameters studied, applied voltage was the most critical for optimizing recovery, as it enhanced ion migration and significantly improved gold reduction. The study investigated the relationship between the intrinsic properties of carbon materials and their electrochemical reduction and recovery capabilities. Rich porosity of carbon materials promoted interactions with Au(S2O3)23−, enhancing the electric double layer capacity, while π–π∗ satellite transitions played a dominant role in the charge transfer, thereby improving the reduction rate. This research offers new insights of the mechanisms behind the recovery of trace Au(S2O3)23− from thiosulfate leaching solutions through carbon electrodes.