Electrical Requirements Research Articles

Design and analysis of a CO2-to-olefins process, using renewable energy

This paper presents a light olefins production plant that hydrogenates carbon dioxide to C2-C4 using green hydrogen and electricity produced from solar and wind energy resources. In this regard, combining Fischer-Tropsch and methanol-mediated pathways on a large scale is analyzed as a new method to increase light olefins production. Additionally, an optimized hybrid renewable energy system comprised of solar panels, wind turbines, electrolyzers, batteries, converters, and so on is designed to supply the necessary utilities for the plant. The simulation results indicate that 590.9, 744.8, and 522.9 kg/h of ethylene, propylene, and butylene can be produced by processing 10% of carbon dioxide emitted from a cement factory, resulting in the negative emission of 2.14 kg CO2/kg C2-C4. This plant needs 1420 kg/h of hydrogen to convert carbon dioxide into light olefins and 32 MW of electricity to meet hot, cold, and electric utility requirements, all powered by renewable energy. The optimization results demonstrate that the initial capital and net present costs of the renewable energy system are $1.15B and $1.38B, respectively, leading to the levelized costs of hydrogen and electricity of 3.56 $/kg and 0.12 $/kWh, respectively.

Improving Energy Efficiency and Autonomy Through the Development of a Hybrid Battery–Supercapacitor System in Electromobility

This study focuses on the development of a hybrid battery-supercapacitor system aimed at enhancing energy efficiency and autonomy in electromobility. The energy supply system of an electric vehicle must ensure high performance and autonomy, even after numerous battery life cycles. Previous approaches to hybrid systems that combine batteries and supercapacitors focus on reducing power losses by relying on controllers that evaluate the state of charge (SOC) of the energy sources to determine which one should provide power at any given time. These systems typically use a controller that monitors only the SOC of the battery and supercapacitor. In contrast, our study introduces an innovative controller that not only evaluates the SOC of both energy sources but also incorporates the current of the electric motor, taking into account its operational state. This approach allows for a more accurate representation of energy consumption and motor performance, providing significant advantages in terms of energy efficiency, extended battery life, and improved performance under high motor loads, which are characteristic of modern electric vehicle requirements. The current paper encompasses both experimental and simulated results, indicating that the hybrid approach provides significant advantages, such as improved energy autonomy, extended battery life as the primary energy source, and enhanced performance at high motor speeds that stress the battery.

CO2 mitigation, energy matrices, and the performance analysis of N-evacuated tube collector (ETC)-integrated modified solar distiller for water/electricity co-generation using CQD nanoparticles

With advances in science and technology, nanofluids are the ultrafast heat transfer fluids which effectively empowers the distillation process. In this research article, N-evacuated tube collector (N-ETC)-coupled single slope solar still-equipped built-in-passive condenser and roof-top semitransparent photovoltaic (PV) module have been analyzed incorporating carbon quantum dot nanoparticles (CQD-NPs). The effect of volume concentration of nanoparticles (NPs) and packing factor ( βc) is tested to study the system performance (thermal and electrical). The use of CQD-NPs showed impressive enhancement in thermal conductivity (56.06%), Reynold's number ([Formula: see text]), evaporative (37.9%) and convective (76.94%) heat transfer coefficient even at moderate value of βc (0.67). Thermal energy efficiency and overall daily productivity is improved by 37.67% and 44.15%, respectively, using CQD-NPs. Moreover, thermal energy/exergy-based energy metrics and life cycle assessment has been performed for different lifespans ( n = 1 to 50 years) of the proposed system. Significant improvement in life cycle conversion efficiency [31.90% ( βc = 0), 28.91% ( βc = 0.67), 24.56% ( βc = 0.75), 32.02% ( βc = 0.85), 53.38% ( βc = 0.95)] is observed; also, enviro-economic analysis showed effective rise in annual CO2 mitigation (tons) [41.39 ( βc = 0), 104.85 ( βc = 0.67), 96.23 ( βc = 0.75), 85.14 ( βc = 0.85), 65.51 ( βc = 0.95)] and carbon credits earned using CQD-NPs. This renewable stand-alone two-in-one output system effectively meet the drinking water and electrical energy requirements of societies, and families living in arid/semiarid regions.

Novel Dynamic Organ Storage System Enhances Liver Graft Function in a Porcine Donation After Circulatory Death Model.

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) livers face increased risks of critical complications when preserved with static cold storage (SCS). Although machine perfusion (MP) may mitigate these risks, its cost and logistical complexity limit widespread application. We developed the Dynamic Organ Storage System (DOSS), which delivers oxygenated perfusate at 10°C with minimal electrical power requirement and allows real-time effluent sampling in a portable cooler. In a porcine DCD model, livers were preserved using DOSS or SCS for 10 hours and evaluated with 4 hours of normothermic MP, with n = 5 per group. After 4 hours of normothermic MP, the DOSS group demonstrated significantly lower perfusate lactate (p = 0.023), increased perfusate fibrinogen (p = 0.005), higher oxygen consumption (p = 0.018), greater bile production (p = 0.013), higher bile bicarbonate levels (p = 0.035) and bile/perfusate sodium ratio (p = 0.002), and lower hepatic arterial resistance after phenylephrine administration (p = 0.018). Histological analysis showed lower apoptotic markers in DOSS-preserved livers, with fewer cleaved caspase-3 (p = 0.039) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL; p = 0.009) positive cells. These findings suggest that DOSS can enhance DCD allograft function during transport, offering potential clinical benefits and contributing to the expansion of the donor pool.

FUNCTIONS OF PROTECTION DEVICES IN THE FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

In this article, the goal of the research was achieved regarding the definition of regulatory requirements for fire safety of protection devices in 0.4 kV electrical wiring. This article describes the main functions of protection devices that affect the fire safety of electrical installations, identifies the possibilities of strengthening the functions of protection devices, and substantiates the approach to the formation of further research for the introduction of new functions of protection devices. The article describes the study of the development of automation of processes and the saturation of electronic and electrical equipment in industry and everyday life. Because of this, there is a high degree of increase in the risk of the emergency mode of operation of electrical conductors and the occurrence of burning and fire, which may lead to a rise in the number of accidents in the future. Analysis of Ukrainian and foreign publications shows that the direction of development of power supply systems is infrastructure: p2p market for households, electric car charging networks, demand response services, and the possibility of participation in frequency support in the network and operation in the virtual power plant mode. This will lead to a further increase in requirements for reliability, safety, and protection of power supply, in particular, an increase in the functions of protection devices. The development of digitalization, security, and cloud technologies is marked by constant growth and innovation that are aimed at increasing the efficiency and reliability of the protection of electrical networks. This article also describes some modern trends in surge protection devices as a component of low-voltage network protection devices in the fire safety system of electrical installations. Devices for the protection of low-voltage networks play an important role in ensuring the fire safety of electrical installations. Correct selection, installation, and regular maintenance of these devices significantly reduce fire risks and contribute to the facility's overall safety. Due to the rapid development of the complexity of electrical consumers and requirements for their protection, it is necessary to conduct further research on the introduction of new functions of protection devices to increase their reliability, accuracy, and safety.

Analysis of Hybrid Energy Modelling (Grid and Inverter Based Resources) Using Grid Following Inverter for the Integration of Renewable Energy Generation

The energy dependency of the grid will cause its own problems because the energy generated comes from fossil fuels. On the other hand, centralized electrification using renewable energy has a high risk on frequency and voltage stability. Renewable energy depends entirely on climate conditions and has no inertia to maintain stability. Hybrid energy between grids and Inverter Based Resources (IBRs) are alternative solutions used. The research applies an inverter control scheme to IBRs to be penetrated the grid. The research will apply a zero-export load with electricity requirements to be charged to renewable power plants using grid distribution networks. The inertia less properties of renewable energy will cause interference when combined with the power grid (synchronous generator). It will also be analyzed on this study by applying the following inverter scheme by paying attention to the phase angle and synchronization against the voltage, current and frequency variables of the grid. The results obtained in this study; renewable energy can contribute 90% to the load. This is due to the Losses factor and efficiency system in the plant. Renewable energy generators feed active power to the grid as well as support grids with a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) indicator of <10%. In the design of this hybrid power system, it is done on MATLAB software with installation configuration in accordance with IEEE standards so that it can be a reference for the installation of real-condition renewable energies with grid. Keywords—Renewable Energy, Grid Following, Green Electricity, Hybrid Energy

Dexmedetomidine and Nitrous Oxide as Anesthetic Agents for Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a therapeutic intervention that induces generalized seizures under general anesthesia. This case report compares the efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to that of propofol during ECT procedures. A 33-year-old woman with a 15-year history of schizophrenia and recurrent psychotic episodes underwent ECT. During a previous hospitalization, she underwent 14 ECT sessions using propofol and succinylcholine. The mean electrical stimulation dose was 598.9 ± 237.6 mC, with mean motor and electroencephalogram seizure durations of 23.8 ± 8.0 and 34.9 ± 8.3 seconds, respectively. During her current hospitalization, she underwent an additional 14 ECT sessions using DEX and N2O. The mean electrical stimulation dose was significantly lower, at 239.4 ± 54.7 mC, with comparable motor and electroencephalogram seizure durations of 34.6 ± 11.6 and 36.3 ± 12.5 seconds, respectively. Our case report emphasizes the effectiveness of using DEX and N2O for ECT anesthesia compared to propofol. Despite a significantly lower mean electrical stimulation dose requirement with DEX and N2O (t = 5.5155, P < 0.00001), no significant differences were observed in electroencephalogram seizure duration between the groups.

Design and simulation analysis of a two-dimensional extended array structure

Abstract A compact and two-dimensional expandable extended array structure was designed to meet the electrical and structural compatibility requirements of a certain type of equipment. The transition from the distance between the RF component side RF channels A × B (mm) to the distance between the antenna array units a × b (mm) was achieved. The structural mechanical performance simulation was conducted. It was found that the deformation in the connector insertion direction was significant, which affected the reliability of the RF connection. Based on the simulation results, the original structural scheme was optimized and further improved to enhance the assembly, maintenance, and interchangeability of the extended array. The maximum structural deformation in the insertion direction of the RF connector was 0.19mm, which was reduced by 0.2mm compared to the previous optimized scheme with a structural deformation of 0.39mm. The large deformation area was significantly reduced. The stiffness of the structure was significantly improved, meeting the reliability requirements of multi-channel module RF blind insertion.

Influence of a Tiny Quantity of Ir in Ruir Binary Oxide for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Using the Model Electrode Method

Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is one method for mass hydrogen production. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of the PEMWE anode has a high overpotential, which is the main factor in increasing electricity requirements. Therefore, it is desired to decrease the overpotential of OER. RuO2 is known as the most active OER catalyst, but its stability in the high-potential regions is poor. For this reason, IrO2, with relatively high stability, is generally used as the anode catalyst despite its OER activity being lower than that of RuO2. The most significant problem with the IrO2 catalyst is its cost, which is attributed to the rarest element. There are many reports about the Ir-Ru binary oxide catalyst proposed to improve stability in RuO2 and increase OER activity in IrO2. Their Ir/Ru ratio is generally about one, and the Ir content should be reduced as much as possible to suppress the cost. Recently, it was reported that the combination of only 6% of Ir with a Ru catalyst demonstrated high OER activity and stability [1]. The other research groups haven’t followed the low rate of Ir in the Ir-Ru binary catalyst, although it is very advantageous in terms of commercialization. Therefore, it is hard to judge the true effect of a tiny quantity of Ir to OER activity and stability in Ru-based catalysts. In the practical catalyst, many factors, such as the diffusivity of the O2 bubble, proton and electron conductivities, and so on, influence the OER activity. Herein, we employed the model electrode method to investigate the essential effect of a small number of Ir for the OER activity of the Ru-based catalyst. The model electrode doesn’t have to consider proton and electron conductivity and O2 bubble diffusivity. Therefore, it can focus on the difference in electron structure, OER activity, and stability in the model electrode with several Ir content rates. In this study, the additive effect of a tiny quantity of Ir on the Ru-based model electrodes on OER activity and stability was investigated. The model electrode was composed of a glassy carbon substrate, the Ru nanosheet stacking layer of about 1 – 3 nm, and a few nanometer-sized Ir nanoparticles at the top layer. The amount of the Ir on a model electrode was controlled by a number of pulses in the arc plasma deposition method. The electrochemical measurements were conducted by a three-electrode cell, which is composed of a working electrode, a carbon counter electrode, a reversible hydrogen electrode, and 0.1 M HClO4 (room temp.). All of the model electrodes were subjected to electrooxidation by potential sweeping before their OER activity and stability were evaluated. Furthermore, before and after the electrochemical measurements, the electron structure of the model electrodes was confirmed by XPS analysis.All model electrodes showed redox peaks at around 0.6 V and 1.0 V, which are attributed to RuO2 and IrO2, respectively. Adding a tiny quantity of Ir seemed to improve the OER activity. In contrast, the stability of RuO2 depended on the amount of Ir. Surprisingly, the dissolution rate of Ru increased with the increase of Ir contents in the model electrode. These results suggested the possibility that a few amounts of Ir contents in RuO2 could improve the OER activity but have a negative effect on its stability.[1] D. Wu, et al.Nature Communication,12, (2021) 1145-9.

THE IMPACT OF ELECTRIC POWER OUTAGE ON THE PROFITABILITY OF SMALL BUSINESSES IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF GWAGWALADA TOWN

This study examined the impact of electric power outages on the profitability of small businesses in Nigeria, using 50 randomly selected small businesses in Gwagwalada town as a case study. A Logit regression model was adopted, incorporating a mix of qualitative and quantitative variables. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method was utilized in estimating the Logit model. Findings from the estimated Logit model showed that electric power outages had a negative impact on the profitability of small businesses in Gwagwalada town, while small businesses' expenses on alternative electricity power supplies had a positive impact on profitability. However, both electric power outages and small businesses’ expenses on alternative electricity power supplies in Gwagwalada town had an insignificant impact on the profitability of the small businesses. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended, among other things, that the government should undertake a national demand study to determine the exact electricity requirements to meet demand in the short, medium, and long terms. Furthermore, an integrated least-cost system expansion plan should be developed for the efficient deployment of the Nigerian electricity industry in the medium and long terms. There is also a need for diversification of electricity generation to improve the security of supply, as well as the development of capacity to generate electricity closer to demand centers to reduce technical losses. Additionally, the government should explore and develop measures to ensure the long-term supply of gas for electricity generation.

Collaborative water-electricity operation optimization of a photovoltaic/pumped storage-based aquaculture energy system considering water evaporation effects

The increasing global population, economic development, and urbanization trends have led to a heightened demand for seafood, presenting a significant challenge to the growth trajectory of the food industry. As the most rapidly expanding segment within the food industry, aquaculture presents a sustainable solution to mitigate the overexploitation of marine resources and address the growing demand for food. Aquaculture's sufficient aquatic expanses offer considerable potential for PV deployment, thereby relieving the demand for limited land resources. However, existing research rarely addresses the collaborative operation of water and electricity in aquaculture systems. The effects of water evaporation from PV panel-covered water surfaces on the collaborative water-electricity operation are generally neglected. Hence, this work proposes a collaborative water-electricity operation of a photovoltaic (PV)-pumped storage-based aquaculture energy system considering the water evaporation effects. This optimization method accounts for the reduced water evaporation due to PV panel shading. Water surface PV and pumped storage are integrated into the system to fulfill electricity needs, with pumped storage serving as a dual-purpose device for water and electricity supply. Environmentally sustainable water-electricity generation and aquaculture energy system requirements are established. Water surface PV electricity generation is modeled based on climate and engineering conditions, while aquaculture pond electricity requirement includes oxygenation, feeding, and water replenishment. Finally, a collaborative water-electricity operation model is introduced to optimize operation strategies for various devices. A case study on a fish-light complementation project demonstrates that this optimization method can reduce reliance on the utility grid and overall system operational costs.

Analysis of Building Electrical Lighting System Tomohon City Regional Drink Water Company

This study aims to see whether the electrical lighting installation at the Regional Drinking Water Company (Indonesian, abbreviated as PDAM) of Tomohon City follows the General Requirements for Electrical Installations (abbreviated as PUIL) or vice versa. Using the analysis approach, direct observation was performed at the research site, and after performing the study, it was discovered that many electrical lighting installation requirements did not satisfy PUIL. Following the measurements and calculations, it was found that none of the lighting in building A met PUIL standards, while for building B, there was only 1 room whose lighting met PUIL standards. Furthermore, there were several rooms where the lights were not installed. Of course, this can affect the daily activities in the room. From the results of the study, it is inevitable that the electrical lighting installation in the PDAM building in Tomohon City must be repaired immediately and should follow the applicable PUIL.

The influence of the free runners on the decelerated swirling flow from the draft tube cone of hydraulic turbines.

Abstract Nowadays the renewable energy plays an key role in the development of safe and clean energy. Worldwide and especially in Europe the development of renewable energy is focused on development of new wind and solar power plants. Accordingly, these energy technologies introduce high power fluctuations in the electrical system, which are necessary to compensate by other energy sources. To compensate these power fluctuations, the electrical systems use new technologies as high-capacity electric batteries or classical technologies as hydropower. The new technologies as the batteries are used rarely, while the hydropower remain the only technology to response quickly at the electrical systems requirements. The hydropower with the hydraulic turbines has the capability to adapt faster at the electrical system requirements, but for hydraulic turbines this requirement comes with hydrodynamic consequences. Accordingly, at the outlet of the hydraulic turbines (in the conical diffuser), the hydraulic instabilities are developed (vortex rope occurs) accompanied by high pressure fluctuations. The present paper proposes adding free runner at the inlet of the conical diffuser, which rotates on an axle, with null momentum. For this purpose, have been designed and manufactured a series of four free (additional) runners (with different numbers of blades) to assess the performances of this method. Experimental investigations of unsteady pressure and velocity profiles using LDV system were performed downstream of the free runner. The velocity measurements have been performed on three survey axes, by measuring the meridian and circumferential velocity profiles. The unsteady pressure measurements were achieved at the conical diffuser wall on two levels. To better analyse the relevance of the free runners, the Fourier transform is applied on pressure signals. The results will clarify the functionality and limitations of this method for swirling flow control.

Feasibility and optimal sizing analysis of hybrid PV/Wind powered seawater desalination system: A case study of four ports, Egypt

This research aims to investigate A novel and complete system consists of hybrid renewable energy farm with high-energy-consuming seawater desalination in fourth locations in Egypt. This paper proposes fuzzy-based multi-criteria decision-making model for optimal sizing of a hybrid PV/Wind/Storage system to power the reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process in order to increase freshwater availability and meet the electric load requirement in selected area. Firstly, according to collected data and cost of electricity (COE) for various renewable energy resources, specific procedures to determining the optimal system design and optimal sizing (solar cell, wind turbine parameter and storage system units) are presented for selected site. The optimization based on finding the minimum net present cost (NPC) feeds the load demand and maintains the system's reliability. Secondly, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is implemented to select the optimal system considering ten performance criteria. The results show that the feasible design consists of 16 × 100-kWwind turbines, 4127-kW photovoltaic array, 153 PH245 storages and 710-kW converter. The feasible design has the optimal economic values among all criteria with least NPC, COE, and payback-period (PBP) of $9,08,046, 0.091$/kWh and 1.1 yr, respectively. Besides, it has a 100 % renewable energy system (RES).In contrast to recent studies that concentrated on incorporating renewable energy sources into desalination systems at specific Egyptian location. This approach is applied to different case studies with diverse renewable energy resources in multiple locations across Egypt, thus providing valuable insights for decision-makers tackling electricity and water shortages throughout Egypt. This research fills a gap in the optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) by taking into account a variety of sustainability criteria, including technological feasibility, cost-effectiveness, emissions reduction, and socio-political considerations, in contrast to other studies that concentrated on single aims. Additionally, the research presents fuzzy logic and fuzzy-AHP and fuzzy-VIKOR decision-making techniques, enabling a comprehensive assessment of system design alternatives while taking uncertainties into consideration. In general, this study makes a significant addition to the field of renewable energy integration and gives decision-makers a framework for choosing the best answers to Egypt's water and electricity problems.

Simulation of Hybrid PV Solar System with Fuel Cell in MATLAB Simulink

This paper discusses the simulation of a fuel cell hybrid solar photovoltaic system in MATLAB Simulink. To achieve the stated objective, it is proposed to dynamically model a hybrid system using Simulink to analyze its performance and optimize its operation, improving the efficiency and stability of the power supply under different operating conditions, then the dynamic simulation model employs energy conversion equations of the solar PV panel and the fuel cell to meet the electrical load requirements, where the solar panel uses solar radiation and ambient temperature, while the fuel cell produces electricity by electrolysis of water, which separates hydrogen from oxygen. In the first graph, the power at load increases sharply at 0.5 seconds and stabilizes between 0.5 and 1.5 seconds, with a sharp drop at 1.6 seconds. In the second graph, PV power increases at 0.5 seconds, reaching 80 kW between 0.5 and 1.5 seconds, dropping to zero at 1.6 seconds. The fuel cell shows similar behavior. These results indicate a coordinated operation for a stable power supply to the load, responding efficiently to changes in demand and generation.

Renewable Energy-Based Electric Drive with a Novel Control Technique for Smooth Power-Sharing

Energy management between different power sources, which are used to feed Electric vehicles (EVs) is one of the complex scenarios. Normally, power management is done based on the Electric vehicle load requirements. In this work, three different energy sources are considered, in that one is an active energy source and two are passive energy storage elements. The Photo Voltaic (PV) based energy source is considered an active element, on the other hand, the Battery sand supercapacitor (SCap) is treated as a passive type of element. To manage the power flow between two energy sources, a novel control technique is adopted by considering the speed and current of the electric motor as major input parameters known as the Measurement of the parameter-based controller (MPBC). The Measurement of a parameter-based controller is used to control the pulse signals of the Bidirectional converters connected at the battery and supercapacitor ends, and the required pulse signals can be generated by the Conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The main circuit is implemented with a novel hybrid controller which is used to provide controlled pulse signals to the bidirectional converters connected to the battery and supercapacitor. Finally, the MATLAB/Simulink model was developed with the novel hybrid controller and examined the performance at different load conditions of the motor by considering three different states of power delivered by the PV array.

Modeling and Performance Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Generation System for Hypersonic Vehicles

Advanced airborne power generation technology represents one of the most effective solutions for meeting the electricity requirements of hypersonic vehicles during long-endurance flights. This paper proposes a power generation system that integrates a high-temperature fuel cell to tackle the challenges associated with power generation in the hypersonic field, utilizing techniques such as inlet pressurization, autothermal reforming, and anode recirculation. Firstly, the power generation system is modeled modularly. Secondly, the influence of key parameters on the system’s performance is analyzed. Thirdly, the performance of the power generation system under the design conditions is simulated and evaluated. Finally, the weight distribution and exergy loss of the system’s components under the design conditions are calculated. The results indicate that the system’s electrical efficiency increases with fuel utilization, decreases with rising current density and steam-to-carbon ratio (SCR), and initially increases before declining with increasing fuel cell operating temperature. Under the design conditions, the system’s power output is 48.08 kW, with an electrical efficiency of 51.77%. The total weight of the power generation system is 77.09 kg, with the fuel cell comprising 69.60% of this weight, resulting in a power density of 0.62 kW/kg. The exergy efficiency of the system is 55.86%, with the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) exhibiting the highest exergy loss, while the mixer demonstrates the greatest exergy efficiency. This study supports the application of high-temperature fuel cells in the hypersonic field.

Technical and economic assessment of hydrogen-based electricity generation from PV sources in tertiary buildings: a case study of a hospital building in Algeria.

The largest anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide emissions is the global energy system, which means transforming the global energy system is one of the most significant ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. Buildings play a critical role in our transition to a lower-carbon future, accounting for approximately 47% of global energy consumption and about 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable hydrogen represents one of the most environmentally friendly options for energy generation. This study presents an energetic, economic, and environmental impact of a self-sufficient system for energy production from renewable energy sources in buildings. To achieve this objective, a hydrogen-based generation system was selected to meet all the electrical requirements of tertiary building in Algeria throughout the year. The results indicate that the hybrid renewable energy system can avoid the emission of approximately 1056 tons of carbon dioxide per year. Furthermore, the payback period is 7years. These results clearly demonstrate that the integration of hydrogen energy in buildings is the optimal choice for environmental sustainability.

ANALISIS POTENSI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA ANGIN DI TAMAN TEKNOLOGI TOWER TURYAPADA

Tower Turyapada is a technology concept tourism center with various attractions located in Pegayaman Hill, Singaraja and is programmed to meet Building Green Building (BGH) criteria. One component of the BGH assessment is the use of renewable energy. The use of renewable energy that is suitable to be utilized in this tower building is PLTB (Wind Power Plant), because it is located in a hilly area with strong winds. The potential of wind power plant has been analyzed using descriptive method through quantitative approach. Analysis of wind energy potential using primary data by taking direct measurements in the Turyapada Tower area in February - March and using secondary data from the I Gusti Ngurah Rai Meteorological Station, Badung Regency. The analysis results show the average value of wind speed in the Tower Turyapada area in February - March amounted to 3.55 m / s and 4.58 m / s. The wind turbine specification uses TSD-500. Wind turbine specifications use TSD-500 because it can generate electricity at low wind speeds and uses 10 units of turbines. The results of the analysis obtained electrical energy of 2,159 kWh / year. The electrical load requirement of the Pedestal Building as the main building of the Turyapada Tower Technology Park is 7,787,000 kWh / year, so it cannot meet the electrical load of the Pedestal Building because it only supplies power by 0.00028%. This research was conducted to find out how much wind energy can produce electrical energy with wind energy conditions in the Turyapada Tower Area.

Microclimate Effect on Cooling Energy for Buildings in Hot, Humid Climates: A Comparative Analysis of Shaded and Unshaded Environments

This paper explores the influence of microclimates on changes in air temperature and the often-overlooked aspect of their effect on energy savings across varying microclimatic conditions. The study compares the cooling energy requirements of two identical single-story buildings in distinct microclimates: one characterized by concrete ground devoid of shade and the other featuring soil ground with tree shade. Climatic environmental data were collected over 15 days in the concrete-exposed field and shaded area beneath the trees to conduct the investigation. These datasets were input into EnergyPlus 9.6 to model the energy demands and consumption of buildings subject to the specified climatic conditions. The validation of the simulated model against actual energy demand data from a classroom building demonstrated agreement. The findings reveal notable differences in air temperature, with the shaded area experiencing temperatures 0.8°C to 8.0°C lower than the concrete-exposed monitoring location. The building in the tree-shaded microclimate exhibited a lower peak cooling load than its concrete-exposed counterpart, resulting in a 35% reduction in the electrical energy requirements for the air-conditioning system. The study recommends implementing 0.08-m polyurethane insulation for the building walls and roof to equalize the energy demand and consumption of the concrete-exposed building with that of its shaded counterpart. Furthermore, building design in shaded areas can maximize the window glass area while consuming less energy than buildings on concrete-exposed grounds. The study advocates leveraging the microclimate associated with surrounding buildings in the design process to enhance the overall energy savings.