This paper introduces the idea of fuzzy self-adaptive PID algorithm. In order to compare the control effects of traditional PID, fuzzy control and fuzzy self-adaptive PID algorithm, simulation was carried out .The results show that the fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller has the characteristics of fast response time, less overshoot and small steady-state error and has extremely high interference rejection capacity. The software of SCM (Single-Chip Microcomputer) realizes the algorithm. The controller is applied to electric heating furnace temperature control system and the practical application shows that the controller achieves a satisfied control effect.