Temperature Of Electrical Equipment Research Articles

Impacts of Atmospheric and Load Conditions on the Power Substation Equipment Temperature Model

Infrared thermography is a predictive maintenance tool used in substations to identify a disturbance in electrical equipment that could lead to poor operation and potential failure in the future. According to Joule’s law, the temperature of electrical equipment is proportional to the current flowing through it. Other external factors, such as solar incidence, air humidity, wind speed, and air temperature, can interfere with its operating temperatures. Based on this premise, this article aims to analyze the influence of atmospheric and load conditions on the operational cycle of thermography-monitored equipment in order to describe the operating temperature of the object using only external data and to show the impacts of external influences on the final temperature reached by the object. Five multivariate time series regression models were developed to describe the maximum equipment temperature. The final model achieved the best fit between the measured and model temperature based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) metric, where all external variables were used to compose the model. The proposed model shows the impacts of each external factor on equipment temperature and could be used to create a predictive maintenance strategy for power substations to avoid failure.

Audit Kelistrikan pada Gedung Administrasi Niaga (AB) dan Akuntansi (AC) Politeknik Negeri Malang

This study aims to analyze the average consumption of electrical energy and the Intensity of Energy Consumption (IKE)and the effect of temperature of electrical equipment in the main panel of the AB and AC buildings on the applicable electrical standards in the AB and AC buildings of Politeknik Negeri Malang. From the research, the results of the average consumption of electrical energy in each building are 2591.96 kWh and 1799.74 kWh per month, the value of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) is 34.55 kWh / m2 and 34.11 kWh / m2, both results fall into the category of energy use. very efficient, all the equipment in the panels of the two buildings is in good condition according to the PLN SK DIR 520 2014 book, the highest temperature value of the safety equipment is 32.8 ᵒC at NH Fuse T. this is due to the current flowing of 34.29A, the value of the equipment with the lowest temperature of 27.8 C on MCB C16 with a maximum standard of 45 C, the current conductive capacity is still in accordance with using a 2.5 mm2 cable with KHA 46 A, while the load current for each branch is protected by MCB 10 A. For cooling in rooms that use AC The split is 28,000 BTU / hour and it is still below the standard of 38,000 BTU / hour

Considerations Regarding Electrical Equipment Monitoring Through Infrared Thermography

Abstract In the paper are highlighted the main advantages of wireless monitoring methods present in the market for electrical equipment temperature surveillance. Also, are considerate the mandatory corrections applied to the thermographic image in order to adjust the electrical equipment temperature. In the final part, there are shown the resulted values of an infrared thermography inspection performed in industrial environment, which reveals the thermal stresses identification of the busbar’s connections from a medium voltage switch separator. In addition, the paper present why a highly reflexive surface is not suitable for infrared thermography, and in what manner affects the data obtained from the monitoring devices.

Temperature prediction of substation equipment based on back-propagation neural network -simulated annealing

The substation is an important part of the smart grid. The stable operation of electrical equipment in the substation is related to the stability of the grid. According to the statistical results, among the common substation equipment failures, thermal failures have a larger proportion. Thermal faults can be monitored through the surface temperature of the equipment, and predicting the changing trend of the equipment temperature in advance is of great significance for reducing equipment faults in substations. For this reason, this paper proposes a method for predicting the temperature of substation equipment based on BP neural network-simulated annealing algorithm, using equipment parameters, environmental information parameters, etc. to predict the temperature of electrical equipment in the substation, so as to realize early warning of thermal faults in substation equipment. Through comparative analysis, it is verified that the method proposed in this paper can accurately predict the temperature of substation equipment, which provides strong guarantee and support for the safety management of substation electrical equipment.

Stretchable Phosphor/Boron Nitride Nanosheet/Polydimethylsiloxane Films for Thermal Management and Rapid Monitoring

With the integration, miniaturization, and increasing power density of electrical equipment and electronic devices, thermal management and real-time monitoring of the surface temperature variation are of importance. In this work, we present nanocomposite films based on NaNbO3:Pr3+ (NNOP) and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was adopted as a substrate. The sample demonstrated outstanding flexibility and elasticity as well as improved thermal management capability. Importantly, it displayed a fast response to the surface temperature of electrical equipment and electronic devices due to the thermally conductive networks constructed by BNNSs. As a result, under the same thermal stimulus, the luminescence from the sample occurred earlier compared to that without BNNSs, and it can be used for real-time monitoring of the surface temperature of electrical equipment and electronic devices, even under rolled and stretched states. We hope that our nanocomposite film has potential for the increasing thermal management and safety monitoring of modern devices and equipment.

Design of an Intelligent Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Measurement System for Electrical Equipment

For the power system, the main reason for many fire accidents is that the temperature of electrical equipment is too high, and now the widely used fire detector can only detect the fire that has occurred. If the temperature change of electrical equipment can be tracked in real time and the alarm information can be sent in time when the operating temperature is too high, the fire of power system can be scientifically and effectively prevented. The use of fiber Bragg grating sensor can provide a basis for the realization of the theoretical conception. For the traditional temperature measurement system, fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement system has the advantages of convenient maintenance, fault detection, less affected by light source power fluctuation, information sharing and long service time. It can effectively measure the temperature of isolated contact of high-voltage switchgear, the temperature of wet steam inside steam turbine and the surface temperature of power cable, etc. This paper researches a design of fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement system.

Audit Kelistrikan pada Gedung Administrasi Niaga (AB) dan Akuntansi (AC) Politeknik Negeri Malang

This study aims to analyze the average consumption of electrical energy and the Intensity of Energy Consumption (IKE) and the effect of temperature of electrical equipment in the main panel of the AB and AC buildings on the applicable electrical standards in the AB and AC buildings of Politeknik Negeri Malang. From the research, the results of the average consumption of electrical energy in each building are 2591.96 kWh and 1799.74 kWh per month, the value of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) is 34.55 kWh / m2 and 34.11 kWh / m2, both results fall into the category of energy use. very efficient, all the equipment in the panels of the two buildings is in good condition according to the PLN SK DIR 520 2014 book, the highest temperature value of the safety equipment is 32.8 ᵒC at NH Fuse T. this is due to the current flowing of 34.29A, the value of the equipment with the lowest temperature of 27.8 C on MCB C16 with a maximum standard of 45 C, the current conductive capacity is still in accordance with using a 2.5 mm2 cable with KHA 46 A, while the load current for each branch is protected by MCB 10 A. For cooling in rooms that use AC The split is 28,000 BTU / hour and it is still below the standard of 38,000 BTU / hour.

Research on Temperature Calculation Method of Electrical Equipment Based on IR Data Compensation

The real-time monitoring of electrical equipment temperature is a work worthy of in-depth study. In this paper, based on MLX90640 chip, the temperature calculation method of electrical equipment based on IR data compensation is studied, and the necessity of IR compensation is proved by the experimental data results before and after IR compensation. The advantages of this method are proved by the measurement results of MLX90640. The calculation method of electrical equipment temperature in this paper provides a certain guarantee for the safe operation of electrical equipment.

Research on Image Processing Method of High Voltage Switchgear Temperature Measurement

Accurate monitoring of electrical equipment temperature can effectively ensure the safety of electrical equipment operation. It is worth further study to use limited temperature monitoring equipment to obtain a comprehensive temperature distribution of electrical equipment. Based on the study of nearest neighbor interpolation bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation these three methods are applied to image processing of temperature distribution in 10kV switchgear cabinets. Compared with the three methods, bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation can accurately reflect the non-measured temperature, and can be used in image processing of temperature distribution in high-voltage switchgear temperature measurement system.

Development of a Low-cost Thermal Camera for Electrical Condition Monitoring

Abnormal rises in temperature of electrical equipment could be a sign of electric fault. By measuring the temperature of the equipment, it is possible to detect the early sign of electrical failure. Therefore, preventive maintenance based on thermal inspection is important to ensure the safety operation of the electrical system. Thermal inspection is normally done by using a handheld thermal camera. However, professional thermal camera is expensive and not suitable to be installed at a fixed location for continuous temperature monitoring. In this paper, a low-cost embedded system is proposed for measuring the temperature of electrical equipment based on thermal imaging. The system can be permanently installed to continuously monitor the thermal condition of an electrical installation. The proposed system consists of a Raspberry Pi 3 controller board connected to a MLX90640 32x24 pixels thermal sensor and a Pi NoIR camera. The temperatures measured by the thermal array sensor are converted into a heat map to form a thermal image. The thermal image is then overlaid on the visual image and displayed on the LCD screen. The system can be programmed to generate warning signal when the measured temperature is above a certain threshold value. Experiments carried out on the developed system showed that it is able to locate the hotspot regions of an electrical installation.

Features of thermovision control of open substations equipment with wind load registration

The features of the thermovision control of open substations electrical equipment when exposed to air flow (wind loads) are considered. Wind loads have a significant impact on the change (decrease) of the surface temperature of electrical equipment, which is confirmed by the experimental data presented. Disregarding wind loads impact reduces the reliability of the results of thermovision tests and subsequent expert evaluation, including hidden defects in the structure. There is no method for assessing the effect of air flow on the surface temperature of the object under study. The lack of a technique is a cause of deterring the use of thermovision diagnostic methods for evaluating electrical equipment. In order to take into account the impact of wind loads, a method developed by the authors for considering the cumulative influence of numerous factors was proposed for estimating the density of heat fluxes in the volume of electrical and dielectric materials during operation. The collection of experimental data was carried out for objects from various materials: porcelain, aluminum, nichrome. The main factors influencing the surface cooling intensity are substantiated: excess of the surface temperature blown by the wind Δtв, external diameter D of the structure, air speed v, medium temperature T0, thermal conductivity coefficients of materials, surface emissivity coefficients, electrical resistance of conductors, and features of the shape of the analyzed node. As a result of the analysis of experimental data, it was found that with an increase in the speed of the air flow up to 5 m/s, the temperature decreases by 25-30 ° C. The sharpest decrease in temperature of the objects under study is observed with an increase in the speed of the air flow from 0 to 1 m/s.

The Design of Electrical Equipment Overheat Monitoring System on Electric Propulsion Ship Based on WSN

Wired electric equipment overheating monitoring system has some limitations in electric propulsion ships. This paper designs an electrical equipment overheat monitoring system based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to monitor the overheat of electrical equipment. To verify the performance of the whole system, we design the hardware and the software of sensor nodes and coordinators. In order to extend the lifetime of sensor node effectively, the system adopts the dynamic sleep and controllable transmit power method. The results show that this system achieves the accurate measurement of electrical equipment temperature. At the same time, laboratory data tests shown that it can achieve the same accuracy as wired measurements. This paper provides a new solution for overheating monitoring of marine electrical equipment.

Experimental Study of the Effects of Different Space Forms on SAW Passive Wireless Temperature Measurement System

The passive wireless temperature measurement system based on SAW is a better method than the fiber optic and the infrared temperature measurement in measuring the temperature of electrical equipment, but the environmental characteristics have an effect on it. In this paper, the effects of open space and closed space on the system are studied by experiments. The open space has a greater effect on temperature measuring signal because of the polarization direction of the antenna; In the closed space of the metal cabinet, whether there is sheet metallic object near the senor or not, it has no effects on the signal, which is mainly because that the reflections of electromagnetic signals by the internal walls of the metal cabinet make the signal power enhanced between the reader and the sensor through multi-angle reflections. Therefore, this type of measurement system is more suitable for the metallic objects in metal cabinet.