Electrical Energy Requirements Research Articles

PERENCANAAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK HYBRID VAWT DAN SOLAR CELL SECARA OTOMATIS UNTUK PENERANGAN LAMPU JALAN

Road lighting is important for transportation activities, especially at night. The design of this Hybrid plant has a working principle that is utilizing wind gusts from a passing vehicle to turn the turbine blade and the heat of solar radiation that is absorbed through the solar panel with the sun tracking system. Parameter data that influence in the design of Hybrid Generations are variations in the number of turbine blades, turbine angle, wind speed, turbine drive rotor height, density of air and heat of solar radiation. The purpose of the problem in Designing Hybrid VAWT generating systems with the optimal angle of the turbine and Solar Cell automatically to be able to meet the electrical energy requirements for street lighting. The research method used in design through three stages, namely literature review, Technical Design and preparation of work tools and materials. The design results show that the optimal type u vertical wind turbine for toll road lighting with 3 blades and an optimal angle size of 90 0C, rotor diameter of 400 mm, rotor height of 1000 mm for average wind speed of 13.9 m / s. and Average solar heat of 28 0C with an average panel temperature of 55.3 0C using the Timer switch as a solar tracking system. The design of the plant, produces turbine power of 0.93 V to 1.17 V at 122 rpm to 214 rpm. And the solar panel produces a panel voltage of 19.59 V and an average voltage on the battery of 14 V. The stored electrical energy is able to light two LED lights with a power of 15 Watt and last for 12 hours / dayKeywords— Hybrid Power Generation, Optimal Angle, Timer Switch

Techno-Economic Assessment for CO2 Capture From Air Using a Conventional Liquid-Based Absorption Process

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture of directly from ambient air in a conventional monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption process was simulated and optimised using a rate-based model in Aspen Plus. The process aimed to capture a specific amount (148.25 Nm3/h) of CO2 from the air, which was determined by a potential application aiming to produce synthetic methane from the output of a 2.7 MW electrolyser. We conducted a sensitivity analysis around different parameters such as air humidity, capture rate, CO2 loading and reboiler temperature, and evaluated the energy consumption and overall cost in this system. To meet the design requirement for standard packed columns, the rich absorption liquid was circulated to the top of the absorber. A capture rate of 50% was selected in this process as a baseline. At higher capture rates, the required energy per tonne of captured CO2 increases and at lower capture rates, the size of equipment, in particular, absorber and blowers increases due to the need for processing a significantly larger volume of air at the given CO2 production volume. At the base case scenario, a reboiler duty of 10.7 GJ/tCO2 and an electrical energy requirement of 1.4 MWh/tCO2 were obtained. The absorber diameter and height obtained were 10.4 and 4.4 m, respectively. The desorber is found to be relatively small at 0.54 m in diameter and 3.0 m in height. A wash water section installed at top of the absorber decreased the MEA loss to 0.28 kg/tonne CO2. However, this increased capital cost by around 60% resulting in CO2 capture costs of $1691 per tonne CO2 for the MEA base scenario. Based on the techno-economic analysis, assuming a non-volatile absorbent rather than MEA thereby avoiding a wash water section, and using an absorption column built from cheaper materials, the estimated cost per tonne of CO2 produced was reduced to $676/tCO2. The overall cost range was between $273 and $1227 per tonne of CO2 depending on different economic parameters In order to reduce the cost further, the use of innovative cheap gas-liquid contactors that operate at lower liquid to gas ratios is crucial.

Mechanical pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to improve biogas production: Comparison of results for giant reed and wheat straw

The effects of a mechanical pretreatment were determined on the methane yield of giant reed stems (Arundo Donax) and wheat straw. The feedstocks were pretreated using a two stages dry milling device, whose working capacity - up to 1,2 t h−1- can meet the requirements of medium and large-scale biogas plants. Untreated and pretreated materials were anaerobically digested in batch reactors under mesophilic conditions for 28 days. The cumulative biogas production from the pretreated giant reed stems exceeded 212 Nm3 t−1 of volatile solids, showing a 137% gain as compared to the raw material; furthermore, a significant decrease in the acid detergent fiber content was observed in the processed material. Pretreated straw reached a cumulative methane yield of 250.3 Nm3 t−1 of volatile solids, gaining a 49.1% as compared to the feedstock; no statistically significant differences were observed in physicochemical composition following pretreatment. The aforementioned gains resulted far above the known range for mechanical pretreatments. The specific electric energy requirement for pretreatment decreased from 76.5 kWh t−1 of processed giant reed stems to 66.0 kWh t−1 for straw. With reference to the use of biogas in CHP plants, the net electric energy output from pretreated materials was enhanced by about 111.7% and 38.3% as compared to the feedstocks for reed and straw, respectively. The cost for the extra electric energy produced by pretreatment was estimated at 0.034 and 0.048 € kWh−1 for giant reed and straw, respectively, resulting fully compatible with the selling price for the electric energy produced from biogas in force in Italy.

Analysis of use and need of sectoral electrical power and energy in West Java Region

The current and future usage and power needs of electricity are important in electricity utilities. This study aims to predict the amount of power and electricity usage and demand from various sectors in order to be used as a reference and an overview of the amount of sectoral load and electrical energy needs in the West Java region in the future. The method for determining the estimated electrical load and energy requirements can be calculated by a combined method (analytical, econometric and trend) and a simple linear regression method with a sectoral approach by grouping customers into five sectors (household, business, industrial, general and social). The findings of the study using the combined method of the percentage of the amount of power connected by 5.46% with an error of 4.42%, and the amount of energy sold at 4.78% with an error of 4.49%. Whereas by using the regression method the percentage of total connected power is 5.27% with an error of 3.54%, and the amount of energy sold is 4.24% with an error of 3.98%. By doing these forecasts it is hoped that the future electricity needs can be met.

Short Term Load Forecasting Menggunakan Metode Koefisien

Electrical energy has a very important role in national economic growth. With the electrical energy requirements, it is necessary to operate an economical, reliable and quality system. The creation of a template for operating load forecasting for the Java-Bali system uses a coefficient method to calculate weekly loads, daily loads, and loads per ½ hour which is more user friendly. After this Load Forecasting template is applied, the result is a more efficient load deepening in terms of file size and time, and is more effective with the results of the calculation of electric energy (1.71%), electricity load (0.85%), and load factor 79% from planning data and manual realization.

Energy Consumption and Internal Distribution in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plants of Greece

The high-energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a crucial issue for municipalities worldwide. Most WWTPs in Greece operate as extended aeration plants, which results in high operational costs due to high energy needs. The present study investigated the energy requirements of 17 activated sludge WWTPs in Greece, serving between 1100–56,000 inhabitants (population equivalent, PE), with average daily incoming flowrates between 300–27,300 m3/d. The daily wastewater production per inhabitant was found to lie between 0.052 m3/PE·d and 0.426 m3/PE·d, with average volume of 0.217 ± 0.114 m3/PE·d. The electric energy consumption per volume unit (EQ (kWh/m3)) was between 0.128–2.280 kWh/m3 (average 0.903 ± 0.509 kWh/m3) following a near logarithmic descending correlation with the average incoming flowrate (Qav) (EQ = −0.294lnQav + 3.1891; R2 = 0.5337). A similar relationship was found between the daily electric energy requirements for wastewater treatment per inhabitant (EPE (kWh/PE·d)) as a function of PE, which varied from 0.041–0.407 kWh/PE·d (average 0.167 ± 0.101 kWh/PE·d)) (EPE = −0.073ln(PE) + 0.8425; R2 = 0.6989). Similarly, the daily energy cost per inhabitant (E€/PE (€/PE·d)) as a function of PE and the electric energy cost per wastewater volume unit (E€/V (€/m3)) as a function of average daily flow (Qav) were found to follow near logarithmic trends (E€/PE = −0.013ln(PE) + 0.1473; R2 = 0.6388, and E€/V = −0.052lnQav + 0.5151; R2 = 0.6359), respectively), with E€/PE varying between 0.005–0.073 €/PE·d (average 0.024 ± 0.019 €/PE·d) and E€/V between 0.012–0.291 €/m3 (average 0.111 ± 0.077 €/m3). Finally, it was calculated that, in an average WWTP, the aeration process is the main energy sink, consuming about 67.2% of the total electric energy supply to the plant. The large variation of energy requirements per inlet volume unit and per inhabitant served, indicate that there is large ground for improving the performance of the WWTPs, with respect to energy consumption.

Planning utility infrastructure requirements for smart cities using the integration between BIM and GIS

Rapid urbanization is one of the present characteristics in both developed and developing countries. It is projected that by 2050 around 68 % of the world’s population shall live in urban areas. As a result, many city development initiatives are proposed by various research centers or through academia to aid in managing the process. One of the most evolving concepts through the past two decades is Smart Cities. The concept of smart cities has been defined and formulated by many research efforts and organizations. However, most of these definitions and initiatives focus on the operation stage of the city. This paper proposes an inclusive framework for integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographical Information System (GIS) to plan and forecast the utility infrastructure needs for expanding and emerging cities to highlight the concept of “smartness” during the planning stage. The considered infrastructure needs are freshwater consumption, sewage capacity and electrical energy requirements. Firstly, the city is broken down into several districts, lands and plots. Afterwards, through the assignment of relevant land use, building type information and various other information, an interactive tool is originated to allow for the formulation of different city development schemes and the representation of their respective resulting infrastructure needs. The framework is targeted to be flexible enough in order to be applied to any city, not just a single case as smart city solutions need to adopt to diverse cities’ needs. The proposed framework is advocated to enforce the concept of both smart and sustainable cities by taking a closer look at the city’s planning and development stages and infrastructure requirements which shape a sizable part of the city’s performance throughout its expansion and development. It can also serve as a decision support tool for better planning and management of smart city infrastructure requirements. Finally, a case study is represented to demonstrate the practical features of the proposed framework.

Techno-economic analysis to identify key innovations required for electrochemical oxidation as point-of-use treatment systems

Electrocatalytic-driven processes show promise for water purification, including abating persistent organic pollutants via advanced oxidation processes. Since the early 90s, thousands of research articles have systematically explored degradation of organic pollutants in batch systems and synthetic waters. Despite these research efforts, commercial treatment units for water treatment in the field are barely reported. Translation of scientific and technological advances into the market place requires identification of niche applications. Here we consider point-of-use devices. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) of electrochemical oxidation was benchmarked against commercially-available competition in the water purification sector, specifically carbon block adsorption devices. Results identified electrode material as one of the driving capital costs. Decreasing boron-doped diamond cost by ten-fold or exploring alternative emergent materials such as Ti4O7 can enhance competitiveness of electrochemical devices in the market. Meanwhile, the first-order rate constant was identified as one of the most relevant parameters because it affects operational expenses. Strategies to enhance target pollutant selectivity in real water matrices is a research need to ensure efficient water purification with minimum electrical energy requirements. TEA showed a promising scenario for electrocatalytic devices to overcome commercially-available technologies. This initial TEA identified key challenges and research needs to overcome cost limitations and to beat traditional systems in reliability in the road map towards market implementation.

Effects of different greenhouse coverings on energy parameters of a photovoltaic–thermal solar system

The present study analyzed the power and heat supply of a small-scale greenhouse by a photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T) system while using three greenhouse coverings (glass, plastic and polycarbonate) and four water mass flow rates (0.016, 0.025, 0.033 kg/s and no-flow), with or without a solar tracker. The electrical efficiency results for PV (without mass flow) and PV/T (0.016, 0.025 and 0.033 kg/s) states indicated that the application of the PV/T system enhanced electrical efficiency by 21.5, 28.4 and 36.84% for the glass glazing, by 15.28, 25 and 34.79% for the plastic covering, and by 19.82, 26.67 and 40.25% for the polycarbonate covering, compared to the PV state. The highest overall efficiency was at 0.033 kg/s with 59.9% (glass), 54.56% (plastic) and 47.58% (polycarbonate), and the lowest overall efficiency was at 0.016 kg/s with 41.75% (glass), 32.94% (plastic) and 31.22% (polycarbonate). In general, due to the electrical and thermal energy requirements of greenhouses, it can be said that, in addition to producing electricity by PV/T systems, their significant thermal energy production compared to PV panels can also promote the use of such systems in the future.

Effects of climate change on the aeration of stored beans in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

The beneficial effects of the aeration of stored grains and legumes with ambient air can be affected by changes in climate causing disorders in air temperature and relative humidity that directly affect the control strategies. The impacts of the climate change on the bean aeration in 11 mesoregions of Minas Gerais State (Brazil) were evaluated. For this, 132 simulation scenarios were analysed, including simulations of three bean harvests using measured climatic conditions, and three possible projections, representing low, intermediate and high radiative forcing levels. Based on the simulation profiles, total aeration time, grain cooling, and electrical energy consumption during bean aeration were calculated. Results were strongly affected by the weather patterns of each mesoregion and by the harvest periods of the crop. Projected climate changes tended to reduce the cooling potential, while increasing fan operation time and electrical energy requirement when aerating common beans in Minas Gerais State. The Jequitinhonha and Mucuri valleys and the North and Northwest mesoregions were predicted as no longer having suitable aeration potential since they were the most impacted by climate changes. Chilling aeration is recommended when aerating bean in these mesoregions even with the present climate and this must be intensified when considering the climate changes. In the other mesoregions, aeration with ambient air is currently suitable and this can remain viable even with the projected climate changes, but this is with the proviso that good storage practices are followed and efficient control strategies are applied.

Implementasi Metode Regresi Linier Berganda Untuk Proyeksi Kebutuhan Listrik Dalam Rangka Analisis Strategi Bisnis Di PT XYZ

Electrical energy requirements in the Industrial Estate should be fulfilled as a supporting industry in the region in order to develop. Therefore, one of PT XYZ's corporate strategies is to do demand forecasting. In this study, the authors will use multiple regression linear methods and compared with Sectoral quantitative forecasting methods from 2018 to 2022. The dependent variable used is the consumption of electrical energy in each sector (industry, business, housing and general) and for independent variables is the total of PT XYZ GDP, Dollar Exchange, PT XA Production, Number of Consumers, Cilegon GRDP, Growth Rate, Contract Power, Cilegon Export & Import, Indonesian Economic Growth. Based on forecasting results using multiple linear regression methods obtained in 2022 the need for electrical energy is 824,252 GWh down by 9.1% from 2017 and compared with the Sectoral quantitative forecasting method 946 GWh increased by 4.3% from 2017, while the average load with the new consumer plan in 2019 - 2021 then the total load in 2022 is 158.61 MW, while the final results from the SWOT analysis show that PT XYZ is in quadrant 1, the strategy is Progressive and in Porter's Five Force's it is found that the average value is 3 which means the industry is still attractive.

Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) for a Distributed Energy System Integrated with Energy Storage

Distributed energy systems are considered as a promising technology for sustainable development and have become a popular research topic in the areas of building energy systems. This work presents a case study of optimizing an integrated distributed energy system consisting of combined heat and power (CHP), photovoltaics (PV), and electric and/or thermal energy storage for a hospital and large hotel buildings located in Texas and California. First, simulation models for all subsystems, which are developed individually, are integrated together according to a control strategy designed to satisfy both the electric and thermal energy requirements of a building. Subsequently, a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is employed to obtain an optimal design of each subsystem. The objectives of the optimization are to minimize the simple payback period (PBP) and maximize the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions (RCDE). Finally, the energy performance for the selected building types and locations are analyzed after the optimization. Results indicate that the proposed optimization method could be applied to determine an optimal design of distributed energy systems, which reaches a trade-off between the economic and environmental performance for different buildings. With the presented distributed energy system, a peak shaving in electricity of about 300 kW and a reduction in boiler fuel consumption of 610 kW could be attained for the hospital building located in California for a winter day. For the summer and transition seasons, electricity peak shaving of 800 kW and 600 kW could be achieved, respectively.

Insights from Mathematical Modelling into Energy Requirement and Process Design of Continuous and Batch Stirred Tank Aerobic Bioreactors

Bioreaction kinetics, oxygen transfer and energy modelling were applied to stirred tank aerobic bioreactors. This was done to investigate how key input design variables influence bioreactor size, feed and wasted substrate, and electrical energy requirements for aeration and cooling, and to compare batch and continuous modes of operation. Oxygen concentration in the liquid is a key input design variable, but its selection is challenging as it can result in design trade-offs. Reducing its value caused a decrease in electrical energy requirement, however this tended to increase the working volume of the bioreactor. The minimum or near-to-minimum total energy requirement for oxygen transfer occurred when operating at the onset of flooding throughout the bioreaction time. For typical KS values, continuous mode of operation required a much smaller bioreactor volume, due to higher operating cell concentration, and this is a major advantage of continuous over batch.

Real-Time Load Scheduling and Storage Management for Solar Powered Network Connected EVs

In this paper, we investigate a joint real-time load scheduling and energy storage management at a grid-connected solar powered electric vehicle. Without any a priori knowledge, we consider a finite time approach with arbitrary dynamics of system inputs. Our aim is to minimize an average aggregated system cost through joint optimization of electric vehicle's energy procurement price, load scheduling delays, photovoltaic sufficiency in terms of locally generated renewable energy mix, and battery degradation. Through subsequent modification and reformulation of the joint optimization problem, we utilize the concept of one-slot look-ahead queue stability to solve the problem by employing the Lyapunov optimization technique. We show that the joint optimization problem is separable into sub-problems, which are sequentially solved with asymptotic optimality and a bounded performance guarantee. Simulations are carried in different scenarios and under varying weather conditions. Results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve a daily electric vehicle's photovoltaic sufficiency up to 50.50%, a monthly bill reduction up to 72.61%, and a yearly reduced CO $_2$ emission level up to 6.06 kg, while meeting electric vehicle user's energy and delay requirements.

Transformation of atrazine by photolysis and radiolysis: kinetic parameters, intermediates and economic consideration

Four techniques, UV254 nm photolysis, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV172 nm) photolysis, combined UV254 nm/VUV185 nm photolysis and gamma (γ) radiolysis were used to induce the transformation of atrazine in aqueous solution. The effects of dissolved oxygen (atrazine concentration 1 × 10-4molL-1 and 4.6 × 10-7molL-1) and matrix (high purity water/purified wastewater, atrazine concentration 4.6 × 10-7molL-1) and the electric energy requirements were investigated. The calculation of the energy input in cases of the photolyses was based on the lamp's power. In radiolysis, the absorbed dose (Jkg-1) was the basis. In UV photolysis, atrazine transforms to atrazine-2-hydroxy; this product practically does not degrade during UV photolysis; due to this reason, the mineralisation is very slow. This and some other products of atrazine decomposition degrade only in radical reactions. Dissolved oxygen usually slightly enhances the degradation rate. At 10-7molL-1 concentration level, the matrix, high purity water/purified wastewater, has not much influence on the degradation rates in UV photolysis and radiolysis. In the VUV and UV/VUV systems, considerable matrix effects were observed. Comparing the electric energy requirements of the four degradation processes, radiolysis was found to be the economically most feasible method, requiring 1-2 orders of magnitude less electric energy than UV/VUV, VUV and UV photolysis.

안전기술] 사막형 태양광 특수발전시스템 기술기준 및 성능평가

One third of the planet’s landmass is covered by desert, which receives intensive solar radiation every day. Several experts studies have estimated that using just 4% of the total desert area for solar PV systems is sufficient to supply all the electrical energy requirements of the world. Outdoor installed inverters are subjected to extreme temperature fluctuations and problematic sand and dust in the air. The stress imposed by sandstorms can be especially severe, as the very fine dust can penetrate even the smallest openings, potentially causing problems within the interior of the inverter, the key component in any PV system. This fine sand and dust settling on an inverter’s sensitive electronics represents an enormous potential risk to the operation and longevity of the entire PV plant. In our paper, PV system application performances in extreme environments like desert conditions are analyzed and environment tests were studied to protect any possible harmful effects. Therefore we examine the test methods and evaluation criteria of safety test based on IEC 62109 standardization for safety evaluation and standardization of solar inverter applied to desert type and special environment.

Self-powered and self-signalled autonomous electrochemical biosensor applied to cancinoembryonic antigen determination

This work describes a novel and disruptive electrochemical biosensing device that is self-powered by light and self-signalled by an optical readout. Electrical energy requirements are ensured by a photovoltaic cell that is a dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC), in which one of the electrodes is the biosensing unit. The readout converts electrical energy into colour by an electrochromic cell and signals the concentration dependent event. This device was designed to target a cancer biomarker, cancinoembryonic antigen (CEA).In brief, the sensing unit was assembled on a conductive glass substrate with a highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer, using a molecularly-imprinted polymer of polypyrrol (PPy) as biorecognition element. This sensing unit acted as the counter electrode (CE) of the DSSC, generating a hybrid device with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.45% for a photoanode area of 0.7 cm2. The hybrid DSSC/biosensor had an electrical output that was CEA concentration dependent from 100 ng/mL to 100 μg/mL, with a limit detection of 0.14 ng/mL in human urine samples. The electrochromic cell consisted of a PEDOT-based material and showed a colour gradient change for CEA concentrations, ranging from 0.1 ng/mL to 100 μg/mL.Overall, this self-powered and self-signalled set-up is equipment free and particularly suitable for point-of-care analysis (POC), being able to screen CEA in real samples and differentiating critical concentrations for establishing a diagnosis. It holds the potential to provide clinical relevant data anywhere, in a fully independent manner.

Removal of 4-chlorophenol by visible-light photocatalysis using ammonium iron(II) sulfate-doped nano-titania

Halogenated aromatic compounds are toxic and carcinogenic. This is the case of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), a priority pollutant found in large amounts in industrial wastewater effluents from pharmaceutical, dye, pulp and paper industries. Long term exposure to 4-CP even at low-concentration is associated to endocrine disruption. Photocatalysis is a promising advanced oxidation process that attains complete degradation of organic pollutants. The use of UV lamps undermines actual photocatalysis application due to the electrical energy requirements. In this frame, the development of visible light photoactive catalysts can overcome these challenges allowing the implementation using affordable light sources like light emitting diodes (LEDs) or natural sunlight. This work is to present the synthesis and use of an alternative photocatalyst that provided eight-fold increase on 4-CP degradation in comparison to commercial TiO2 Degussa P-25. Almost complete removal (99.20%) was achieved with synthesized Fe/N/S-doped TiO2 at 1.0 g L−1 of photocatalyst dose and pH 7.0 for treating 10 ppm of 4-CP.The first-order rate constant, kLH, and Langmuir adsorption constant, KLH, were calculated with values of 0.429 min−1 and 2.326 ppm−1, respectively. The Fe/N/S-TiO2. photocatalysts showed an excellent stability maintaining their performance during four cycles of recovery/reuse.

Effects of fuel-specific energy and operational demands on cost/emission estimates: A case study on heavy fuel-oil vs liquefied natural gas

Maritime industry is in constant pursuit of viable alternatives in order to comply with present and imminent regulations which address pollution by marine fuels. Cost/emission estimates, which determine the efficacy of compliance options, rely heavily on bottom-up methodologies for estimating fuel consumptions. These methodologies employ representative databases for their estimates instead of actual in-situ data. The use of in-situ data is therefore of paramount importance for accuracy of end results on which industry-wide strategic decisions are based.Moreover, total fuel consumption of a potential alternative is calculated simply using energy conversion factors in comparison to a conventional fuel. However, each compliance-option comprises of unique process-components which demand diverse operational, electrical and heating energy requirements which in turn alter their fuel consumptions and emission inventories. Therefore, each compliance-pathway should be assessed individually using in-situ data in order to estimate fuel consumptions and emission inventories rather than using energy conversion factors between them.A case study which utilizes in-situ data is conducted to assess the effect of fuel-specific processes on energy/operational demand and the emission estimates between residual heavy fuel-oils and liquefied natural-gas for a bulk carrier. The findings reveal that allocation and apportion of fuel-specific electrical/heating energy demands as well as operational components to each compliance option would produce more accurate emission estimates as well as realistic cost comparisons. Moreover, the study endorses that the use of natural gas as a marine fuel is highly commendable and asserts that in fact more emission reductions can be achieved than previously estimated.

Boundary Dam or Petra Nova – Which is a better model for CCS energy supply?

SaskPower’s Boundary Dam plant (Canada) and NRG’s Petra Nova plant (USA) are the only two commercial-scale coal-fired power plants currently operational in the world that use carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. While both CCS installations are retrofit projects that employ a post-combustion CO2 capture system using advanced amines, the two plants differ significantly in their approach to providing the steam and electrical energy requirements of the capture system. This paper presents a comparative techno-economic evaluation of pulverized coal (PC) power plants equipped with the different CCS system configurations used in these two demonstration plants, as well as two additional design configurations that may be of interest. The results presented in this paper illustrate the conditions which favor one approach over the other, and thus provide insights for planning new large-scale CCS projects.