Electric Vehicle Transportation Research Articles

Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention on the Transition to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility and Transportation in the Philippines

Existence of hybrid electric vehicles nowadays is one of the emerging technologies worldwide. Different countries are using this technology on their transportation, and nowadays, a lot of other countries are gradually adapting on using this kind of innovation in their transport system. Philippines is among these countries which aims to have a sustainable mobility by embracing the use of hybrid - electric vehicles but still lots of consumers are lacking awareness on this technology. Lack of information on the social, environmental, and economic potential benefits are among the main issues of Philippines consumers that really affect its uptake. The goal of this study was to evaluate the consumer’s perception and purchase intention on the transition of hybrid - electric vehicles for sustainable mobility and transportation here in the Philippines. It aimed to assess consumer awareness with hybrid - electric vehicles and its potential benefits to human beings in terms of social, environmental, and economic aspects. The study also gauged the impact of this perception on consumer’s purchase intention on hybrid - electric vehicles. These objectives were attained using the Descriptive Statistics and Correlation Analysis. Using these methods, the results revealed that majority of the consumers believed on the positive benefits of transitioning to hybrid - electric vehicles in terms of social, environmental, and economic aspects. This study also showed that these benefits have high impact on the consumer’s intention of buying or having a hybrid – electric vehicle. Electric vehicle is one of the most effective measures of decarbonizing the transport system. Furthermore, government and automotive businesses must strengthen their drive in spreading awareness of hybrid – electric vehicle’s benefits to consumers to further support country’s effort for development.

Ukraine’s post-war recovery program as a basis for the development of electric vehicles and electric infrastructure

The article is devoted to the determination of the development of domestic electric vehicle transport and electric vehicle infrastructure on the basis of such an economic and legal instrument as the post-war recovery program of Ukraine, taking into account EU approaches in the legal regulation of decarbonization of the transport sector. The European Commission adopted the Communiqué to the European Parliament, the European Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions «Assistance and Reconstruction of Ukraine» on 18.05.2022, where the provision of funds for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine is conditioned by our country’s compliance with current European policies and standards, one of which there is decarbonization. Therefore, Ukraine should carry out post-war reconstruction taking into account the experience and approaches outlined by the international acts of the EU. The National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War, a consultative and advisory body under the President of Ukraine, proposed a draft Plan for the Recovery of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the project component of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine «Restoration and development of infrastructure». It was concluded that the project of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine and its component «Recovery and development of infrastructure» is an economic and legal instrument of a programmatic nature. It establishes a systematic approach to the more active use of electric vehicles and the development of electric charging stations. The plan defines short-term, medium-term and strategic tasks for the development of electric mobility infrastructure. The general program approaches defined in this act correspond to the directions established by the normative legal acts that were adopted to regulate the issues of environmentalization of the domestic transport sector before the war, as well as the general directions of the development of the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles, outlined by the international acts adopted in the EU. The disadvantage is that a complete transition to electric transport for the transportation of passengers on urban and suburban routes is foreseen in the medium term, which is an extremely limited period. In the Plan, it is expedient to use the objective indicators of the development of the system of electric filling stations, which are established in the domestic regulatory and technical acts. Also, the directions of the development of electric transport and the network of electric gas stations should be reflected in the programs of comprehensive restoration of the region, the territory of the territorial community.

Fuzzy Neural Network PID-Based Constant Deceleration Control for Automated Mine Electric Vehicles Using EMB System.

It is urgent for automated electric transportation vehicles in coal mines to have the ability of self-adaptive tracking target constant deceleration to ensure stable and safe braking effects in long underground roadways. However, the current braking control system of underground electric trackless rubber-tired vehicles (UETRVs) still adopts multi-level constant braking torque control, which cannot achieve target deceleration closed-loop control. To overcome the disadvantages of lower safety and comfort, and the non-precise stopping distance, this article describes the architecture and working principle of constant deceleration braking systems with an electro-mechanical braking actuator. Then, a deceleration closed-loop control algorithm based on fuzzy neural network PID is proposed and simulated in Matlab/Simulink. Finally, an actual brake control unit (BCU) is built and tested in a real industrial field setting. The test illustrates the feasibility of this constant deceleration control algorithm, which can achieve constant decelerations within a very short time and maintain a constant value of -2.5 m/s2 within a deviation of ±0.1 m/s2, compared with the deviation of 0.11 m/s2 of fuzzy PID and the deviation of 0.13 m/s2 of classic PID. This BCU can provide electric and automated mine vehicles with active and smooth deceleration performance, which improves the level of electrification and automation for mine transport machinery.

A Decentralized Bi-Level Decomposition Method for Optimal Operation of Electric Vehicles in Coupled Urban Transportation and Power Distribution Systems

A Decentralized Bi-Level Decomposition Method for Optimal Operation of Electric Vehicles in Coupled Urban Transportation and Power Distribution Systems

Stability of a Ro-Ro Ship: An Assessment of the Impact of Electric Vehicle Transportation

In terms of service lives, ships have the ability to remain operational for extended periods of time, potentially exceeding several decades. Changes in machinery and equipment are dependent on technological improvements. The above change is most noticeable in the components that make up ship systems. Nonetheless, the movement of ships on the water involves research into a variety of topics, including static-dynamic equilibrium and the demands of speed and power. The study focuses on the growing fascination with electric automobiles, which can be ascribed to technology improvements, environmental policies, and the concept's widespread acceptance. As a result, there has been a boom in interest in purchasing electric vehicles and using them for transportation. When conventional internal combustion engine automobiles are considered during the design process of marine vessels that transport land vehicles, it is expected that electric vehicles (EVs) will be primarily transported by Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ships in the foreseeable future. However, weight discrepancies exist between electric vehicles and other models in the same category. The significant weight attributed to batteries emphasizes the significant possibility for advancement in modern battery technology. The purpose of this research is to look into the variations in the stability of a Ro-Ro vessel when transporting an equal number and weight of EVs and conventional automobiles.

Artificial intelligence-based optimal EVCS integration with stochastically sized and distributed PVs in an RDNS segmented in zones

The growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) for transportation has led to increased production and government support through legislation since they offer environmental benefits such as reduced air pollution and carbon emissions compared to conventional combustion engine vehicles. This shift toward EV technology aligns with the goal of preserving the natural environment. To fully utilize EVs, effective management of the power grid is crucial, particularly in radial distribution network systems (RDNS) as they pose stress and deviation of power system parameters from their normal. This study proposes a novel strategy for maximizing EV utilization through EV charging stations (EVCSs) in an RDNS by considering factors such as load voltage deviation, line losses, and the presence of distributed solar photovoltaic systems at load centers. The research begins by segmenting the RDNS into zones, followed by the application of an artificial intelligence-based hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach known as hybrid GA–PSO. This approach identifies optimal locations for EVCSs integrated with photovoltaics within the network. Subsequently, the employment of individual GA and PSO algorithms to optimize EVCS placement focuses on minimizing power loss and enhancing voltage. The effectiveness of the hybrid GA–PSO algorithm is compared to that of separate GA and PSO methods. Extensive simulations using the IEEE 33-node test feeders validate the proposed techniques, demonstrating the usefulness of the hybrid GA–PSO algorithm in identifying optimal EVCS placement within each zone. The results also highlight the advantages and novelty of hybrid GA–PSO in achieving optimal EVCS placement with stochastically sized and distributed photovoltaic in an RDNS.

A Model Based Method for Capacity Allocation in the Bus Transportation Industry

With the implementation of the dual carbon goal, electric vehicles have been rapidly promoted. However, in extreme conditions such as natural disasters, especially when power supply is insufficient, the widespread use of electric buses and the delisting of fuel powered buses may lead to insufficient transportation capacity in the region. This article establishes a calculation model for the allocation of buses of various power types to address this issue. Based on population size, the paper comprehensively considers the charging time and range of pure electric buses during use, and calculates the transportation capacity of pure electric buses and fuel buses respectively. Then, based on the rule of prioritizing the use of electric vehicles for transportation, when the capacity of electric buses is insufficient, fuel powered buses are used for replenishment. Calculate the minimum number of fuel buses required to ensure the basic transportation capacity for personnel transfer.

Electric Actuation of Transport Vehicles: Overview of Technical Characteristics and Propulsion Solutions through a Systematic Patent Analysis

Electric transport vehicles offer sustainable transportation solutions with benefits, such as reduced emissions, noise, and operating costs. This paper draws an overview of the available technical solutions to actuate transport vehicles with electric drives, as depicted by patent literature. A dataset of 1784 patents was created; the documents were selected through a systematic approach, and the patents were then classified according to a number of user-defined categories. The dataset was analyzed by applying two different methods: (i) a quantitative analysis (literature overview), enabling glance evaluations about the defined categories, and (ii) a qualitative analysis (detailed analysis), which focuses on the detection of interesting design features or innovative solutions. The results of this work not only provide an alternative and complementary overview to the analysis of solutions that may emerge from a scientific literature review, but can also offer support in strategic planning to companies wishing to protect their innovations and remain competitive in the evolving market of transport vehicles.

ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ ДЕКАРБОНІЗАЦІЇ ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ МІСТА НА ОСНОВІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕЛЕКТРОМОБІЛЬНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal support for the transfer of urban passenger transport from automobile to electric vehicle transport, which is necessary for the decarbonization of transport and the sustainable development of the settlement. It is well-founded that road public transport is part of the transport system of Ukraine and the city infrastructure system, and therefore the legal provision of its environmental protection should be implemented on a comprehensive basis. Legal support for the decarbonization of the urban transport system of road transport by encouraging the use of electric vehicles is carried out by norms of different levels (laws and by-laws) and different sectoral orientations. Regulatory and legal acts, that ensure the use of electric vehicles for urban passenger transportation, can be divided into those that: 1) lay the general principles of greening of economic activity and the field of transport; 2) provide stimulation of the development of ecological motor vehicles and the development of electric mobility infrastructure. The Economic Code of Ukraine is a codified act that should lay the foundations for ecologization of economic activity, and therefore it is advisable to enshrine in it the principles of sustainable development and signs of ecological business activity. The business activity of transporting passengers by electric vehicle can be recognized as an ecological business activity, because it will ensure the environmental safety of human life; the use of such transport eliminates such a negative impact on the natural environment as CO2 emissions into the atmosphere; they will have a level of satisfaction of consumer needs no lower than other similar services provided by traditional modes of transport. The changes made to the current legislation in 2021-2023 regarding the stimulation of the use of electric vehicles, although they do not fully meet the requirements of the European Union in the matter of determining the terms of the complete decarbonization of urban transport, are such that will stimulate the development of the electric vehicle infrastructure of the city in the future. Such an economic and legal instrument as the state program on greening transport should become the basis for the systematic introduction of electric transport infrastructure not only within the city, but in Ukraine as a whole. This will correspond to the European development vector of our state. At the same time, approaches that will fully meet the standards of the European Union should be laid down in the regulatory and legal provision of greening of the city's transport infrastructure.

PV based OFF grid charging station for E-vehicles using PWM and phase shift controlled interleaved three port converter

In recent years, Electric Vehicles are becoming more popular. The pollution level in the atmosphere can be effectively minimized by using Electric vehicles for large-scale transportation. A battery station is required for continuous operation; however, the Photovoltaic-based OFF grid charging station can only operate during the day. Therefore, the three-port converters have started to arise from a number of current EV charging station developments. In this study, a unique PWM and Phase Shift Controller are proposed to reduce switching losses and to improve reliability. In addition, for Maximum PowerPoint Tracking, a Fuzzy is added to the PV system. Furthermore, an appropriate interleaved boost converter topology is used to create the various charging voltages required for EV and battery stations. The proposed topology is simulated, and the hardware prototype has been created and tested. The result shows that the proposed topology has a better efficiency than the traditional converters.Article Highlights.A dual composite charging station for electric vehicle charging in environment friendly manner.Optimization of power electronics required in Electric Vehicle charging stations.Maximum utilization of battery for cyclic charging from charger and discharging through Electric Vehicles.

Optimal vehicle fleet planning and collaboration under carbon neutrality: a game-theoretic perspective

This paper studies the optimal vehicle fleet planning and collaboration problem for a fuel vehicle (FV) transport service provider, a commercial electric vehicle (CEV) transport service provider, and a carbon emission treatment agency under carbon neutrality. The FV transport service provider pays a fixed fee or a portion of its sales revenue to a carbon emission treatment agency in exchange for technology to reduce its carbon emissions, and it can adopt three strategies (i.e., no emission reduction, purchasing technology for emission reduction, and entrusting a carbon emission treatment agency). We derive each party’s optimal fleet size, price, and profit in the three scenarios. Our results suggest that carbon emission reduction strategies may improve the market performance of the FV transport service provider. Then, we find no certain strategy is always preferable to another: the optimal cooperation strategy between the transport service provider and carbon emission treatment agency depends on the fixed technology fee, ratio of revenue sharing, government penalty, the transport service market potential, and consumer green preference, as well as the cost per CEV. This paper gives the transport service provider and carbon emission treatment agency a full picture of whether, when, and how to collaborate in green commerce.

Effect of Electric Vehicle Transportation and Carbon Capture System on Concept Ro-Ro ship Stability and EEDI

In terms of their service life, ships may operate for decades. Hence, it depicts the rapid development of machinery and equipment due to the substantial advancement of technology. Indeed, the ship’s systems must be updated to accommodate these new instruments. However, the importance of investigating the static-dynamic equilibrium and speed-power demand is a matter of concern as the ships are in motion on the water. There are currently limitations on carbon emissions from ships. To comply with these regulations, either the use of fuels that produce fewer carbon emissions or the use of after-treatment techniques to prevent the release of carbon into the atmosphere are employed. The difficulty of integrating any new system into an existing ship increases the scope of the renovation. This study compares the stability, speed-power, and EEDI values of today’s most popular electric vehicles while being transported on a concept Ro-Ro ship with and without a Carbon Capture System (CCS) ship. In the scenario where the ship transports both conventional and electric vehicles, the number of vehicles transported remains constant, but the effects of electric vehicles being heavier are illustrated. A ship with CCS and loaded with electric vehicles has 23.5% less maximum GZ than a regular ship with the traditional vehicles loaded condition by approximately 6% less at an angle of heeling. Also, the EEDI level is approximately one-twentieth of the conventional model, which is an advantage of CCS.

Evaluation of carbon and economic benefits of producing recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste

Using construction and demolition waste (CDW) to produce recycled aggregate (RA) can limit the need for CDW landfills and reduce natural aggregate (NA) consumption; however, the RA production process generates carbon emissions and incurs economic costs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the environmental and economic feasibility of using CDW to produce RA. In this study, the environmental and economic benefits of RA production from CDW were evaluated based on life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC). To conduct a thorough evaluation, sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted on the key parameters affecting carbon and economic benefits. Accordingly, potential improvements in the current system were analyzed to optimize the RA production process. The results indicated that using CDW to produce RA was environmentally and economically feasible. Sensitivity and scenario analyses indicated that using selective demolition and mobile production mode, pre-screening of CDW, opting for electric transportation vehicles, and increasing the CDW landfill disposal fee could effectively increase the carbon and economic benefits of RA production from CDW. Moreover, the CDW transportation distance had a significant impact on these benefits; thus, appropriately planning the transportation route was crucial. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for assessing the feasibility of recycling CDW to produce RA and can also guide the optimization and improvement of the RA production process.

Need of Integrated Regional Planning Approach for the Decentralisation and Optimisation of Renewable Energy Based Electric Vehicle Infrastructure: A Comprehensive Visualisation

The existing research narrates avenues in the regional and thematic area preconditions set via the framework and institutional mechanism towards energy decentralisation (ED). Moreover, with the entrant stakeholders and inclusive energy policy, the researchers find potential in local resources and capacity towards the decarbonisation of the economy. Consequently, governments around the globe emphasise multi-level sectoral economic support packages to buffer the immediate to medium-term gap and subsequently investigate their implementation in infrastructure and technology. The present review attempts to focus on the conditions of energy transformation in enabling a policy and regulatory framework. As such an integrated regional spatial framework focuses to identify support packages across urban and rural planning, transportation, renewable energy, infrastructure, environment and climate change and sustainability. Moreover, the present review revolves its thematic focus around the transport sector to strategize the energy decentralisation of the local potential in the ongoing electric vehicle (EV) transportation. The presented review toils on EV users’ struggle to orient to the need of the hour in the inadequacies of refill/charging infrastructure. Thus, it is imperative to review parameters such as availability and access to charge, depending on the source of energy in the charging infrastructure, facilities and services at the regional level. The presented review investigates under categoric and key search across conceptual regional settlement hierarchy to strategize the development of the Renewable Energy based Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (REEVI) package under system, support and services (SSS). Conclusively, the review study brings out a tentative regional settlement hierarchical integrated methodology for REEVI-SSS in the missing linkages and gaps of spatial planning to ease medium and long trip EV transportation challenges faced at the inter-city–rural, i.e., regional level.

An impact of sea sponge-derived hard carbon with the symbiosis of sodium ion battery and biomedical applications

BackgroundSodium is pervasive and enormous compared to that of lithium. SIBs have turned out to be factual competitors to LIBs besides storage purposes, the power battery technology intended for electric vehicle transport. The choice of selecting SIBs is effective due to their alluring properties of biomaterials for synthesizing electrode materials. Hard carbon, (HC) owing to its amorphous and highly porous nature of the material leads to the intercalation/deintercalation of sodium ions. MethodsIn this work, the sea sponge (SS) was carbonized by the chemical-activating pyrolysis method. The as-prepared HCs using different chemical activating agents (KOH, NaOH, ZnCl2) reveals the diversified sodium-ion storage behaviors. Significant findingsSS attained a charge capacity of 347.39 mAh g−1 at a 0.1 C rate. The half maximal (IC50) of sea sponge-derived hard carbon was found to be 11.5, 11.4, 10.7 μg/mL against breast cancer cells (MDA MB - 231). The present work communally addressed the potential anode material and effective cancerous activity of sea sponge-derived hard carbon material.

A Battery Electric Vehicle Transportation Network Design Model with Bounded Rational Travelers

With governments worldwide emphasizing environmental protection and the global focus on carbon reduction, the battery electric vehicle (BEV) industry has developed rapidly. An urban transportation network with BEVs as the main form of transportation will soon become mainstream. Motivated by the abovementioned background, a BEV transportation network design problem is investigated, and a network design model is established. The model aims to minimize the system travel time of BEV transportation networks and optimize the government’s lane expansion scheme (the location and number of lanes) under a limited budget. To consider the travel characteristics of BEV drivers, the charging time, range anxiety, and bounded rationality factors are simultaneously incorporated into the model. A heuristic algorithm is designed based on the active set algorithm to obtain the local optimal solution to the actual-scale problem. Moreover, a cutting-plane method is used to convert the original problem into a different form, and a column generation technique is embedded in the abovementioned algorithm to avoid the enumeration of paths. Sensitivity analyses of different levels of rationality of BEV drivers and government investment scales are performed. The experimental results demonstrate that the model and algorithm can effectively solve the problem and provide decision support for the government in formulating transportation infrastructure construction policies.

Eco-friendly microgrid carport charging station for electric vehicles (EVs)

Utilizing renewable energy sources is a crucial and promising way to reduce CO2 emissions and global warming. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) in transportation has signaled a paradigm change from earlier technologies that relied on fossil fuels. This paper provides a techno-economic feasibility study of an optimal energy layout configuration for an EV charging station carport infrastructure. The geographical and meteorological data of the location for the EV charging station carport infrastructure is obtained from NASA through HOMER software. Two different locations are considered as case 1 and case 2. Solar PV/Battery/WT/Converter is the optimum energy arrangement in terms of optimization for case 1, where the net present value of the optimised energy flow is $ 212,096, and the cost of energy (COE) is $ 0.450 per kWh. The best energy configuration in case 2 is solar PV/Battery/Converter, with a COE of $ 0.476 per kWh and a net present value of $ 224,524. The optimal HRES design results in 100% renewable generation, as compared to the study's grid connection scenario, which emits 632 g/kWh of CO2, 2.74 g/kWh of sulfur dioxide, and 1.34 g/kWh of nitrogen oxide into the environment. This study presents the individual degradation cost of the hybrid system components and battery state of charge (SoC), as well as a quick overview of the cyber-security features in EVs. An optimal hybrid microgrid offers both social and environmental benefits to EV owners.

Collaborative evaluation of SoC, SoP and SoH of lithium-ion battery in an electric bus through improved remora optimization algorithm and dual adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm

Many countries are switched to electric vehicles (EVs) for public transportation, which increases the adoption of electric buses. Batteries are the key component in battery-operated electric vehicles and must be monitored for the system to operate efficiently. This work has proposed a joint estimation method to examine the battery states. The lithium-ion battery (LiB) is initially designed through a first-order RC equivalent (FO-RC) circuit. To optimize the modelling parameters of a battery, an improved remora optimization algorithm (IROA) is proposed in this work. After detecting the optimum values for the parameters, the SoC is evaluated by a dual adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm (DAKF). Then the SoH is estimated based on the predicted SoC of a battery, whereas the SoP is evaluated by considering current and voltage constraints during battery operation. After that, the battery's remaining useful life (RUL) is examined based on the estimated SoC. The proposed work is implemented on the MATLAB platform, and the results will be validated under varying operating conditions. The comparative analysis shows that the IROA provides optimum parameters near the actual parameters' actual values, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of battery states.

Comparison of the Flywheel Energy Storage Performance in the Tram Overhead Contact System in the Cold and Warm Transport Operation Seasons

The article discusses the results of statistical and field studies of the energy consumption modes by the traction and non-traction loads in the overhead contact system (OCS) of the on-ground urban electric transport vehicles in the warm and hot seasons and the associated changes in the operation modes of an NKE-3GT stationary buffer energy storage. It is shown that the reduction of non-traction load, which takes place mainly in the warm season, entails a redistribution in the amounts of surplus and useful energy of electric rolling stock regenerative braking toward surplus energy and, hence, a growth in the surplus regeneration energy flows through the buffer energy storage.

STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING THE SALE AND USE OF ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES IN UZBEKISTAN

Of course, promoting the sale and use of electric transport vehicles in Uzbekistan is one of the important issues. As mentioned above, this issue is gaining importance in the world as well. Electric transport vehicles are at the forefront of new trends in developing ecological safety and transportation. Uzbekistan also aims to increase the use of these special transport vehicles and accelerate their development. Therefore, the government of Uzbekistan has decided to adopt a state policy of "green energy" and new investments are being made in this direction. To promote the widespread use of electric transport vehicles, several ways are available such as reducing their prices, corporate loans, cooperation and research, independent energy use, and infrastructure development. All of these are essential for the development and promotion of electric transport vehicles, which is crucial for solving ecological safety issues and further developing the transportation sector.