Electric Steering System Research Articles

Improving stability and adaptability of automotive electric steering systems based on a novel optimal integrated algorithm

PurposeDesign a novel optimal integrated control algorithm for the automotive electric steering system to improve the stability and adaptation of the system.Design/methodology/approachSimulation and calculation.FindingsThe output signals follow the reference signal with high accuracy.Originality/valueThe optimal integrated algorithm is established based on the combination of PID and SMC. The parameters of the PID controller are adjusted using a fuzzy algorithm. The optimal range of adjustment values is determined using a genetic algorithm.

A novel approach to the FPIBSC strategy for an electric power steering system

The electric power steering system is used to improve comfort and steering feel for the user. In this article, we propose to use an integrated nonlinear control strategy for the electric steering system, which is described based on a complicated dynamic model. This work provides two new contributions. First, this control algorithm combines backstepping and proportional–integral (PI) techniques with parameters adjusted by a fuzzy algorithm, so it is called Fuzzy proportional–integral backstepping control (FPIBSC). The output of the PI algorithm is the input of the backstepping technique, while system stability is evaluated based on the Lyapunov function with virtual control variables. Second, road reaction torque is calculated based on a spatial dynamic model, which considers the influence of many other factors. Numerical simulation methods are used to evaluate the performance of the system. According to research findings, the value of the steering motor angle (controlled object) continuously tracks the desired value with negligible error. Under some specific conditions, the error between signals can be reduced to zero. In addition, other outputs that are obtained from the FPIBSC algorithm also tend to follow the reference signal with high accuracy. The phase difference phenomenon only occurs when using the conventional backstepping algorithm instead of FPIBSC. The assisted torque increases as speed decreases or the driver torque increases. In general, the system’s stability is always guaranteed under many different simulation conditions.

Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Lateral Control: A Linear Complementarity Model-Predictive Control Approach

Model-predictive control (MPC) offers significant advantages in addressing constraint-related challenges and plays a pivotal role in self-driving car technology. Its primary goal is to achieve precise trajectory tracking while prioritizing vehicle stability and safety. However, real-time operations often face challenges related to computational demands and low computational efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel lateral control algorithm for self-driving vehicles, which utilizes the linear complementarity problem (LCP) instead of the conventional quadratic programming (QP) method as the MPC optimization solution. This innovative approach incorporates the electric steering system into the vehicle dynamics model, allowing for precise torque regulation of the steering motor and enhancing control accuracy. The MPC algorithm adopts the LCP solution method to calculate control signals based on the vehicle’s state, ensuring both rapid and stable vehicle control. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MPC algorithm, utilizing the LCP solution method, effectively addresses efficiency issues in the lateral motion of self-driving cars. This leads to improvements in both driving stability and real-time performance. Overall, this innovative approach lays a solid foundation for the practical implementation of self-driving cars.

MODELING OF AIRCRAFT STEERING CONTROL SYSTEM WITH TRACTION ELECTRIC DRIVE BY USED AN ADAPTIVE FUZZY CONTROLLER

One of the main tasks of the last two decades is to find ways to optimize energy consumptions for aircrafts. The commercial aviation business is increasingly using environmental monitoring systems and electrical control by using AC and DC tires. One of the trends in the development of aircraft control systems is the replacement of hydraulic and pneumatic systems with electrical ones. The aerospace industry and airlines are interested in performing steering operations without major engines. This operation method allows to save fuel, reduce brake wear, eliminates towing and achieve decreasing of environmental pollution. In the future it is necessary to implement electric steering using a traction drive (TD) based on a synchronous motor with permanent magnets (PMSM). This system is powered by an available auxiliary power unit or other sources such as fuel cells or batteries. This study presents a highly efficient electric steering system as a modern solution for improving the ground operations of modern aircraft powered by main engines. The system was investigated using steering profiles for takeoff and landing. The study determined the effectiveness of its use for steering. The influence of external factors and the change of parameters of the electromechanical system of wheel with an elastic tire were investigated. The results of modeling the dynamic processes of an electromechanical system containing elastic links in the conditions of parametric perturbations confirmed the robust stabilization of dynamic control quality indicators based on the laws of fuzzy logic.

A framework for the propagation of uncertainty in Transfer Path Analysis

Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) is a test-based methodology used to analyse the propagation of noise and vibration in complex systems. In this paper we present a covariance based framework for the propagation of experimental uncertainty in classical, blocked force, and component-based TPA procedures. The presence of both complex and correlated uncertainty is acknowledged through a bivariate description of the underlying uncertainty. The framework is summarised by a series of equations that propagate uncertainty through the various stages of a TPA procedure i.e. inverse source characterisation, dynamic sub-structuring, and forward response prediction. The uncertainty associated with rank ordering of source contributions is also addressed. To demonstrate the proposed framework a numerical simulation is presented, the results of which are compared against Monte-Carlo methods with good agreement obtained. An experimental study is also presented, where a blocked force TPA is performed on an electric steering system. The proposed uncertainty framework requires no additional experimental effort over and above what is performed in a standard TPA and may therefore be readily implemented into current TPA practices.

Control strategy of automotive electric power steering system based on generalized internal model control

In terms of the research on electric power steering system, there are some problems, such as model uncertain and external interference. However, it is difficult for a general controller to deal with those problems as well as the performance of the system. Therefore, the paper is to propose a control method based on generalized internal model control, which is based on feedback and Youla parameterization, including performance controller and compensation controller. The performance controller is used to make the electric power steering system work well, while the compensation controller is used to solve model uncertain and external interference. First of all, the paper is to establish the model of electric power steering system, introduce the 2DOF vehicle and the tire model, set up the state space of the electric steering system including model uncertain and interference and design the generalized internal model controller. Finally, the simulation and the hardware-in-the-loop experiment are carried out to verify the controller. The results show that the proposed controller takes advantages of better control performance, solving model uncertain and external interference, and improving the performance and robustness of the system.

실내 작업 건설 기계용 전동식 독립 조향 및 주행 제어 시스템 개발

실내 작업 건설 기계용 전동식 독립 조향 및 주행 제어 시스템 개발

The Optimal Steering Control System using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm on Vehicles with Steer-by-Wire System

Steer-by-wire is the electrical steering systems on vehicles that are expected with the development of an optimal control system can improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle. This paper aims to optimize the control systems, namely Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) and the Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) control on the vehicle steering system using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The control systems are built in a cascade, FLC to suppress errors in the lateral motion and the PID control to minimize the error in the yaw motion of the vehicle. FLC is built has two inputs (error and delta error) and single output. Each input and output consists of three Membership Function (MF) in the form of a triangular for language term zero and two trapezoidal for language term negative and positive. In order to work optimally, each MF optimized using ICA to get the position and width of the most appropriate. Likewise, in the PID control, the constant at each Proportional, Integral and Derivative control also optimized using ICA, so there are six parameters of the control system are simultaneously optimized by ICA. Simulations performed on vehicle models with 10 Degree Of Freedom (DOF), the plant input using the variables of steering that expressed in the desired trajectory, and the plant outputs are lateral and yaw motion. The simulation results showed that the FLC-PID control system optimized by using ICA can maintain the movement of vehicle according to the desired trajectory with lower error and higher speed limits than optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

The Fuzzy Decoupling Control of the Electric Vehicle Steering and Speed Systems

Based on the electric vehicle steering and speed models, this paper discussed the control problems of the electric vehicle steering and speed systems. Firstly, the electric vehicle speed control system is designed using the fuzzy PID controller. Then the electric vehicle steering controller is a fuzzy controller. Due to the coupled effect of speed in the steering control system, designing a fuzzy decoupling controller, reducing the coupled effect of speed, in order to control the system of steering model and speed model independently, and to achieve the purpose of decoupling. Finally, the result of simulation proves that no matter how speed changes, steering control system still has good tracking performance with decoupling controller. The systemic robustness is much stronger and it also enhances the utility of the control system.

HIL Simulation of Power Electronics and Electric Drives for Automotive Applications

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is today a standard method for testing electronic equipment in the automotive industry. Since electric drives and power electronic devices are more and more important in automotive applications, these kinds of systems have to be integrated into the hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Power converters and electric drives are used in many different applications in vehicles today (hybrid electric or electric powertrain, electric steering systems, DC-DC converters, etc.). The wide range of applications, topologies, and power levels results in various different approaches and solutions for hardware-in-the-loop testing. This paper gives an overview of hardware-in-the-loop simulation of power electronics and electric drives in the automotive industry. The currently available technologies are described and future challenges are outlined.

Virtual Prototyping of an Electric Power Steering Simulator

This paper presents a simulation tool for an electrical steering system whose aim is twofold: 1) to investigate the possibility of designing a minimum clearance mechatronic platform with sensorless control methods and 2) to evaluate assistance torque control feedback by considering technological specifications and human factor consideration. The choice has been made for a driving simulator having at least a real steering system with an electrical power steering (EPS) device and an adequate motor to reproduce the rack load force resulting from tire/road contact, as in a real driving situation. These components are gathered to form a virtual simulator platform, which serves as a basis for future realization. Our main contributions concern the vehicle's front assembly kinematics modeling and the evaluation of the load rack force resulting from tire/road interaction. In addition, a real application of the most recent virtual sensor algorithms, arising from the sliding-mode observer theory for states and unknown input estimation, is described.

Integrated Control of Suspension and Steering Systems Based on Vehicle Handling and Performance

In this paper, the features of electrical power steering (EPS) and semi-active suspension (SAS) systems have been carefully researched, and an integrated control strategy based on neural network theory was proposed to achieve the integrated control of EPS and SAS systems. In order to achieve the simulation of the integrated control strategy, a neural network controller of EPS and SAS systems was designed under MATLAB environment, and a passenger car virtual prototyping model including the EPS and SAS systems was established in vehicle dynamics simulation software SIMPACK. By ride comfort and handing stability simulation, the integrated control strategy was proved to be effective. The primary goal of this paper is to propose an effective and reliable integrated control strategy of EPS and SAS systems, and improve the ride comfort as well as handing stability of automobile.

Design of the Auto Electric Power Steering System Controller

The automobile electric steering system is a servo control system. This paper introduces the basic composition of the electric power steering system, and put forward the reasonable design solutions of the soft hardware and the correction methods of controller, given the main technology index of the controller. According to the performance requirements of cars steering system, make the relevant control strategy of the electric power steering system and through the design of related software and hardware to realize this control strategy and it can control each link of the automobile steering process. In order to verify the feasibility of t he control strategy, comparison experiments are carried out on a vehicle equipped with the developed EPS and the imported EPS, respectively. The results indicate that the developed EPS has similar performance with the imported one. The developed EPS not only works smoothly, but also has proper steering performance, thus can be equipped on passenger cars.

The Electric Steering System for the New Ford Focus Platform

The Electric Steering System for the New Ford Focus Platform

Modelling and analysis of power steering system

An Electric Power Steering (EPS) system will be considered in this report. The modelling of this dynamic system will be achieved with both simplicity and usability taken into account. As such, a reduced-order model that reveals the important dynamic distinctions of the system will be developed from a more complex one. This model will be used to analyse various closed loop effects such as torque performance, disturbance rejection, noise rejection, road feel and stability. These fundamental effects (compromises) are used towards the design of a desired control system. This modelling philosophy together with a comprehensive understanding of system compromises is essential to an optimised EPS system.

The electromechanical steering system of the VW Touran

With the introduction of the Touran, Volkswagen AG is breaking new ground in the chassis domain. Together with the four-link rear suspension and a number of other innovations, Europe will for the first time experience a vehicle in the compact van segment that has electromechanical steering. The following article provides an insight into the considerable functions of the Touran’s steering system and presents a perspective on the continued development of electrical steering systems at Volkswagen AG.

Guidelines for defining a design standard for an electrical steering system

The objective of the research described in this paper, which was carried out in collaboration with the Fiat Auto Direzione Tecnica, was the definition and development of a technical design standard for an electrical power steering (EPS) system, a system mounted on the steering column which assists the driver in maintaining directional control of the vehicle, and the subsequent integration of this standard with existing Fiat Auto Standards. This work required the development of correlation and risk matrices, well-established methodologies used by the Fiat Auto Technical Memory.

Development of Simulator for Performance Test of Electric Power Steering of Light Weight Vehicle

Steering system is most important for vehicle in safety and driving feel. However, testing using real car to improve steering feel is often difficult in aspect to repeatability, safety and money. Repeatability in testing steering system is very important because steering feel for driver is variable according to the environment condition. And steering testing of vehicle is so dangerous that driver may not concentrate in testing. In this paper, the steering system simulator using front part of steering and suspension system was developed. We can test the electric power steering system for the light weight vehicle using this simulator cheap, safely and repeatably.

Development of the Non-Contact Torque Sensor for EPAS Using Maluss Polarization Law

Among the automotive steering systems, an Electric Power Assisted steering (EPAS) system utilizes an electronically controlled electric motor to provide steering assistance to the driver. The key components of the EPAS system are torque sensor, ECU (Electronic Control Unit), and DC Motor. The most important component of the EPAS is the torque sensor. The conventional torque sensor has complicated mechanical mechanism of torque detection. However, we suggest a non-contact torque sensor for EPAS using Maluss polarization law. It was found that the sensor exhibited not only excellent linearity but also superior characteristics of hysteresis, temperature and vibration.