Electric Signs Research Articles

De l’ère analogique à l’ère numérique : évolution des techniques électro-encéphalographiques dans le bilan préchirurgical des épilepsies partielles pharmacorésistantes

Over the past two decades, exploration of epileptic patients has benefited from technological advances in electroencephalography. Computerized equipment can simultaneously retrieve cerebral electric activity and signs of the patient's ictal activity. The computer era has improved reliability, storage and analysis of the recorded data and provides easier communication tools for multidisciplinary staff and patient case studies. Therefore, an increasing number of patients could benefit from presurgical investigations and surgical treatment.

Un cas d'encéphalite à herpès virus humain de type 6 après transplantation de moelle osseuse

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) encephalitis may induce neurological sequelae and death; the diagnosis is difficult because of an initially poor symptomatology and of the absence of specific biochemical, electric and radiological signs. We report on a 7-year-old boy with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, who developed HHV-6 encephalitis after bone marrow transplantation; the patient recovered after treatment with ganciclovir.

バイオインターフェイスを制御するベクトルセラミックスの概念と創製

A vector material is defined as the one to manipulate surrounding inorganic and organic compounds, microorganisms, and tissues using a force irradiated locally and continuously from the material itself. The effect given by a vector material is ca materials are of unparalleled importance under the circumstance of the limited use of external forces such as in vivo. We have recently experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite (HA) electrets as vector ceramics, which can independently irradiate an electrostatic force to the surrounding constituents; crystal growth from a simulated body fluid was accelerated or decelerated and proliferation of a microorganism was controlled on the surfaces of polarized HA, depending upon the electric signs of surface charges. Prior to our study, certain types of vector effects have already been employed in biomedical applications; the so-called 45S5-type bioactive glass (Bioglass®), developed by Hench et al., has long been recognized to be bioactive because of its solubility in a aqueous medium. Radioactive ceramics irradiate pray to and work on surrounding cancer cells. These are also vector materials. In addition to these examples, various kinds of vector effects and ceramics are now under development. This advanced report presents the concept of vector effects and reviews the examples of vector ceramics.

Mastering the 'Visual Groove'

Mastering the 'Visual Groove'

Editorial

Editorial

Electrovectorial Effects of Electrically Polarized Hydroxyapatite on Biological Phenomena

Electrically polarized hydroxyapatite ceramics have chemical, physical, and biological effects upon their surrounding constituents in vivo as well as in vitro as electrets, independent solids irradiating electrostatic force. Using the polarized hydroxyapatite, we have observed that crystal growth from a simulated body fluid can be accelerated or decelerated, and microorganisms can be manipulated on the surfaces of hydroxyapatite, depending upon the electric signs.

"Architecture of Images": An Investigation of Architectural Representations and the Visual Perception of Three-Dimensional Space

At the end of the millennium, architecture faces diverse challenges. Its identity as a science and an art dealing with physical space needs to be redefined in the electronic era. The complexity of information space, which often takes over physical space in our daily lives, will broaden architecture's role-once well defined-in the shaping of the physical environment. Our sense of space and time in a place is not determined as much by the physical space we occupy as by the remote places connected to us by the web of communications. Telecommunications extend our existential space far beyond our physical space. Telephones and televisions are the most common devices of such sensual extension, removing the object of our perceptions from the house or street we occupy and bringing our ears and eyes to places thousands of miles distant from us [2]. Interwoven with these conditions is another phenomenon contributing to the transformation of traditional architecture: that of the reduction of architectural and urban space to a series of images. Today's city streets, buildings and homes are not merely a collection of sidewalks, walls, floors and roofs. In other words, they are more than the physical, threedimensional elements of which they are composed. The visual communications giving life to our cities and homes happen through light and images, both of them divorced from the solidity and three-dimensionality of the media traditionally used by architecture. Electric lights, billboards, liquidcrystal displays and neon signs in the urban space and TV and computer screens in domestic space are all legible expressions of the fragmentation of the three-dimensional solidity of our living environment, which loses its identity as a result of the ascendancy of two-dimensional images. The forms of these ephemeral architectures are often expressions of the

Interpretation of Mössbauer effect measurements near the spin-reorientation temperature and the electric field gradient tensor of Nd 2Fe 14B

Electric field gradient (efg) tensor axes and signs at various crystallographic sites of Nd 2Fe 14B have been used for the interpretation of Mössbauer effect measurements near the spin-reorientation temperature T s , i.e. at 150 and 100 K. It is observed that not only the variation of quadrupole splitting values DQ m following spin reorientation but also the relative magnitude of DQ m at different iron atom sites could be predicted by efg tensor analysis based on a point-charge model. It is also observed that the magnetic hyperfine field at different iron atom sites exhibits variations near T s similar to those in Tm 2Fe 14B.

Evidence for pyroelectric and piezoelectric sensory mechanisms in the insect integument

Quantitative pyroelectric (PE) and piezoelectric (PZE) measurements were carried out on the insect integument of live Blaberus giganteus (cockroach) and on dry integument preparations of the same species. Voltage responses to optical pulses of 10--500 ms, absorbed in the live integument, were PE: interference filter measurements showed the responses to be proportional to the absorbed thermal radiation flux and independent of the wavelength. The voltage/time-course of the responses was in agreement with theoretically calculated PE signals. Voltage responses to mechanical pulses were PZE. The responses of the inner and outer integument surfaces always had opposite electric signs. The polar character of the integument was confirmed by means of a separate dielectric heating method. To explain these results, we hypothesize that the PE properties are for the most part localized in the two outermost layers (outer and inner epicuticle) of the integument, which consists mainly of polar lipids and proteins. Parallel alignment of these polar molecules perpendicular to the integument surface is very likely. PE and PZE responses, therefore, will not only occur in live insects but will also be measurable in dead, dry integument preparations as long as the polar tissue texture remains intact. Due to its polar texture, the insect integument will react to rapid changes in temperature, illumination, or uniaxial pressure in the same way as nonbiological PE materials, where the voltage responses depend on dX/dt (X, pressure or temperature). It seems clear, therefore, that the well-known physiological reactions of various arthropods to such physical outside influences may be related to the PE property of their integument.

Myotonia, potassium and taurine: A preliminary report

The effect of taurine administration upon potassium-induced muscular hyperexcitability was studied in patients affected with dystrophic myotonia and in normal volunteers. Intra-arterial infusions of increasing concentrations of potassium chloride were given and venous potassium levels simultaneously monitored. Taurine prevented or remarkably reduced the electric signs of muscular hyperexcitability. Potassium chloride and taurine effects upon muscular excitability are discussed in terms of changes of membrane conductance, particularly for potassium ions.

Evaluation of myocardial damage during coronary artery grafting with serial determinations of serum CPK MB isoenzyme

Serial determinations of creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes (CPK) were made during the operative period and the first postoperative week in 60 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Electrocardiograms (ECG) and serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were also evaluated. All patients had increased CPK MB activity which first became detectable during the operative period. The CPK MB curves usually showed a peak during the first postoperative hours and then a rapid decay. Some curves, however, showed a different profile with a prolonged liberation of CPK MB. This type of curve was more frequent in patients with electrical signs of necrosis or ischemic injury. In this group, the total amount of CPK MB released was greater than that in patients with unchanged ECG tracings (p less than 0.05). A mean curve of CPK MB activity was calculated for the patients without electric and/or enzymatic signs of myocardial injury. Serum CPK MB determination is a useful technique for identifying perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) and the time sequence of its occurrence. The appearance of this isoenzyme in every patient undergoing coronary surgery is an interesting finding, and it significance needs to be clarified.

India’s Second Revolution

M ARCH 22, 1977, marked the second revolution in India's contemporary history. Like the first in August 1947, the transfer of power from one regime to another took place peacefully and without bloodshed. The difference was that on the earlier occasion, the Indian people were able, under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership, to terminate British rule and replace it in due course with a republic of their own making. On this occasion, led by Jayaprakash Narayan, on whom the mantle of Gandhi has now fallen, the Indian people were able to terminate an authoritarian regime and return to the path of democracy under the constitution of the republic. This was a ballot-box revolution. On January 11, 1977, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, who had ruled under emergency powers since June 26, 1975, suddenly dissolved parliament and called for fresh elections. After a brief campaign, the people voted freely in the middle of March; and on the 22nd of that month, as the results streamed in from distant towns and villages, the figures revealed that the ruling Congress Party had lost disastrously, being reduced to a mere 153 seats in the Lok Sabha, while the opposition coalition under the banner of the Janata Party, along with its ally the Congress for Democracy, got 298 seats-a clear majority in a house of 542. The results were greeted by great crowds celebrating in public places and watching the electric signs reporting on each successive result as it came in. This was a liberation for which most of them had prayed for almost 19 months.

Cutaneous granuloma following laceration by fluorescent light bulbs.

IT IS KNOWN that beryllium compounds can produce acute pneumonitis, 1 dermatitis 2 and chronic granulomatous changes in the lungs, lymph nodes and skin. 3 Until recently, case reports have pertained to workers employed in the processing of beryllium ore and in such industries as the manufacture of fluorescent lamps, the casting of beryllium copper alloys, the production of electric signs and the manufacture of special ceramics. With the widespread use of fluorescent light bulbs, it is apparent that the hazard has extended to the general public. Chronic granulomas appearing at the sites of superficial or deep lacerations caused by broken fluorescent light tubes have been reported. 4 Fluorescent lamps are lined with a coating composed of the beryllium phosphor, zinc manganese beryllium silicate, containing from 0.5 to 2 per cent beryllium. We are reporting 2 additional instances of cutaneous granuloma following laceration of the skin with

Some Effects of Colour on the Eye, With Particular Reference to Modern Electric Signs.

Some Effects of Colour on the Eye, With Particular Reference to Modern Electric Signs.

Electricity on Board Ship

THE paper read by C. W. Saunders, H. W. Wilson and Dr. R. G. Jakeman to the Institution of Electrical Engineers on November 22 on the generation, dis tribution and use of electricity on board ship is a timely one. Although electricity was used in the British Navy for various purposes so far back as 1874, it is only since the advent of the Diesel engine that it has been largely used. To-day, almost all auxiliary machineryfrom the windlass in the bows, through the engine room and hull, to the steering gear in the sternis electrically operated in im portant ships. In a 20,000 ton turbo-electric pas senger liner, the propelling machinery, usually two turbo alternators, would be about 20,000 horse power and there would be usually four motors to which they send the power. In addition, there would be four main generators each of a 1,000 h.p. The steering gear requires 84 h.p., the capstan machines 536 h.p. and the boat davits 120 h.p. For the fans 500 h.p. is required and for the refrigeration 290 h.p. Compared with these numbers, the 31-5 h.p. required for the passenger lifts seems small. A modern liner is really a large floating hotel, and when at sea the travelling public demands a standard of comfort as high as that obtainable on the best hotels ashore. Consequently the most modern types of lighting, heating and cooking equipment are installed. The galley alone at times of maximum load may require 900 h.p. In the Queen of Bermuda, for example, there is one 450-line telephone board, 250 electric signs, 2,250 bell pushes, 400 electric radiators, 650 electric fans for cabins, 410 miles of conductors in cables and wires and 20,000 electric lamps. For very large ships it is generally agreed that turbo-electric drive is the most suitable at the present time.

Luminous tubes for electric signs

The rapid increase in the use of neon and other gas-filled tubes for signs and decorative illumination is one of the most striking features of the past few years. This informative article shows what an important development this really is

Atmospheric Light Columns from Artificial Lights

BRILLIANT beams of light, appearing to go upwards vertically from street lamps and electric signs, are seen here frequently during the winter months. The accompanying photograph (Fig. 1), taken on the evening of Feb. 4, shows a typical case.