Electrical Relaxation Research Articles

Structural and electric properties of Na super ionic conductor solid electrolyte MIIx/2Li1−xTi2(PO4)3 (MII = Mg, Zn, and Cd)

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries, employing solid electrolytes, offer a promising solution to address safety concerns inherent in conventional lithium‐ion batteries. Among the various types of Li‐ion solid electrolytes, LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP) with the Na Super Ionic CONductor (NASICON) structure stands out as a particularly attractive material, despite its relatively low ionic conductivity at room temperature. One approach to enhance the performance of LTP solid electrolytes involves modifying the network size or redistributing Li cations and vacancies within the adjacent sites of the NASICON structure. Therefore, this study seeks to replace lithium ions with divalent cations, thereby increasing the concentration of vacancies, and facilitates the migration of Li+ ions between adjacent partially populated M1 sites. Introducing divalent elements not only augments vacancies in the lithium sites but also induces variations in local disorder within NASICON structures. Consequently, NASICON compounds, MIIx/2Li1−xTi2(PO4)3 (MII = Mg, Zn, and Cd), were synthesized via the sol–gel method, and their structural, microstructural, and electrical properties were thoroughly analyzed using a variety of techniques. The presence of divalent cations in the M1 site results in a reduction of symmetry and an enhancement of local disorder. A correlation between ionic conductivity and structure was established, which was linked to the disorder of lithium atoms within the structure. Electric modulus formalism was employed to explore electric relaxation, revealing that the diffusion and relaxation processes are thermally activated.

Structural and dielectric properties of green synthesized SnO2 nanoparticles

Abstract The present research study provides an analysis of the structural and dielectric characteristics of SnO2 nanoparticles (SnO2-NPs) synthesized by the green synthesis approach. Powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) investigation indicates the existence of a single tetragonal phase with the P42/mnm space group. The crystallite size and lattice strain of the tetragonal SnO2-NPs were determined through x-ray peak broadening analysis. The average crystallite size calculated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) was 16 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) within the 530 to 644 cm−1 range confirms the vibration modes of Sn-O-Sn and Sn-O. The vibrational modes observed in the Raman spectra confirm the tetragonal rutile-type structure of the synthesized SnO2-NPs. The dielectric characteristics of SnO2-NPs were investigated within a temperature range of 353–433 K and a frequency range of 50 Hz –5 MHz. The total conductivity exhibits frequency dependence according to Jonscher’s power law ( σ t ω = σ dc + A ω s ) . The correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model is found to be the dominant conduction mechanism in the studied material. The direct current (DC) conductivity appears to be thermally activated, with an activation energy of 307 mev. The analysis of dielectric characteristics demonstrated that the real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) parts of the dielectric constant drop with frequency and increase with temperature. The dielectric modulus indicates the presence of non-Debye relaxation within the material. The relaxation time, based on the analysis of the imaginary component of the modulus (M″), follows the Arrhenius equation. An equivalent-circuit model was used to analyze the impedance spectroscopy results, which indicated the existence of a temperature-dependent electrical relaxation phenomena of the non-Debye nature.

Investigating Protonic Surface Exchange Kinetics in Protonic Conducting Electrolysis Cells Using Electrical Conductivity Relaxation

Triple conducting oxides in Protonic Conducting Electrolysis Cells (PCECs) have received considerable attention due to its high activity to steam electrolysis. While extensive research has explored the performance of the air electrode using various methodologies, there are no reports yet on the proton exchange k values of triple-conducting electrode under applied potential by any method to the best of our knowledge. In this study, we propose employing Electrical Conductivity Relaxation (ECR) as a novel approach to investigate protonic surface exchange kinetics under potential. Leveraging state-of-the-art air electrodes as model materials, we conducted protonic hydration processes by transitioning the atmospheric conditions from dry air to humidified air. The evolution of the conductivity relaxation profile was meticulously monitored, and the acquired data was subjected to rigorous analysis through modeling techniques, enabling us to discern the surface exchange rate (k) under varying potentials and steam concentrations. By shedding light on the electrode hydration behavior under semi-working conditions, this work provides valuable insights crucial for the advancement and innovation of next-generation electrodes for PCECs.

The evaluation of triple conductor Ba0.95La0.05Fe0.8Zn0.2O3-δ as air electrode for reversible protonic ceramic fuel cell

High-efficiency and low-pollution energy conversion devices as protonic ceramic fuel cells have attracted the interest of a wide range of researchers, and the air electrode materials play vital roles in the operation of fuel cell and also dominate the electrolysis of steam to hydrogen process. Here we report the triple conductor Ba0.95La0.05Fe0.8Zn0.2O3−δ (BLFZ) with high proton concentration as air electrode to evaluate its electrochemical performance. The BLFZ powder could remain its cubic structure with the lattice parameter of 4.063 Å in humid air at 700 °C. The electrical conductivity relaxation measurement proves that the proton uptake in BLFZ could be taken in hydrogenation method, but shows slower proton uptake kinetics than oxygen ion. And in symmetrical cell test, the BLFZ electrode exhibits obvious competition in oxygen and water molecular adsorption, where the addition of steam in air could result in higher polarization resistance and shows better electrochemical performance in humid pure O2 atmosphere. When apply the BLFZ as air electrode in fuel cell, it shows 0.623 Wcm−2 power density at 700 °C, and in electrolysis mode, the BLFZ air electrode shows good catalytic activity for water electrolysis with 0.5 Acm−2 current density at 1.3 V under 600 °C.

Modified La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ cathode with the infiltration of Bi0.8Ca0.2FeO3–δ for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

In this work, different contents of Bi0.8Ca0.2FeO3–δ are infiltrated into La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ to investigate its effect on the performance of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell. The result shows that with the addition of BCF, the polarization resistance of LSCF cathode is decreased from 2.66 to 0.89 Ω cm2 at 600 °C, and the corresponding peak power density of the single cell is increased more than 2 times. Electrical conductivity relaxation test shows that the oxygen surface exchange rate of LSCF-BCF composite cathode is greatly improved. The equivalent circuit fitting results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy curves under the different oxygen partial pressures indicate that the resistance associated with gas transport and charge transfer in composite cathode is about 70% and 45% decreased, respectively. It is found that by utilizing the advantages of BCF, the limitation of single phase LSCF cathode during the lowered temperature range can be overcome and a synergistic effect is achieved.

The Study of Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Relaxation in the Organic Ferroelectric Diisopropylammonium Iodide (dipaI)

The Study of Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Relaxation in the Organic Ferroelectric Diisopropylammonium Iodide (dipaI)

Design of a Low-Cost PMMA/PVAc/PANI Blended Polymers: Structural, Electrical and Dielectric Characteristics

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc)/tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI)/x wt % polyaniline (PANI) blended polymers are fabricated using the casting method to operate in energy storage purposes. The structure and morphology of the created blends were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. XRD analysis displayed that the semicrystalline behavior of the polymer blend is unaffected by doping. At 293 K and 100 Hz, the dielectric constant decreased from 22.7 (undoped) to 14.04–21.7 depended on the amount of PANI in the doped blend. The greatest energy density (U) values were reported in the blend with x = 0.33; U = 0.00469 J m−3 at 293 K and 100 Hz. Increasing the temperature also improves the U values for all blends. The U values of the doped blends with x = 0.11, 0.22, and 0.33 showed an impressive rise relative to the undoped blend. In the low and intermediate frequency ranges, the ac conductivity increased in the blend with x = 0.44. The correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model was used to describe the electric mechanism of all blends. The influence of the quantity of PANI doping and temperature on electrical impedance spectroscopy, electric modulus, and relaxation time was investigated. A doped blend with x = 0.44 exhibited the greatest dc conductivity; at 343 K. the dc conductivity was increased from 2.477 × 10−8 S m−1 (undoped) to 1.086 × 10−5 S m−1 (x = 0.44). The activation energies (E a ) for undoped blends varied between 1.36 eV and 1.01 eV based on the temperature range. The amount of PANI added to the host blend controlled the values of E a in all samples.

Beyond Painkillers: A Meta-Analysis of Non-Pharmacological Approaches for Managing Dysmenorrhea Symptoms

Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as painful menstruation, is a highly prevalent gynecological condition affecting millions of women globally. While pharmacological interventions offer temporary relief, they often come with undesirable side effects. Non-pharmacological approaches present a potentially safer and more sustainable alternative for managing dysmenorrhea symptoms. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2014 and 2024 that investigated the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for dysmenorrhea. The primary outcome was pain intensity reduction, while secondary outcomes included quality of life, absenteeism, and medication use. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated. Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 600 participants. The non-pharmacological interventions evaluated included aerobic exercise, yoga, acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), heat therapy, and relaxation techniques. The pooled analysis revealed significant reductions in pain intensity across all interventions compared to control groups (SMD = -2.00, 95% CI: -2.39 to -1.61, p < 0.001). Aerobic exercise and yoga demonstrated the largest effect sizes (SMD = -2.5 and -2.5, respectively). Significant improvements were also observed in quality of life, absenteeism, and medication use. Non-pharmacological approaches, particularly aerobic exercise and yoga, are effective in managing dysmenorrhea symptoms. These findings strongly support the integration of non-pharmacological interventions into clinical practice as a first-line or adjunctive treatment option for dysmenorrhea.

Reduced Surface Area for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Porous Electrode via Electrical Conductivity Relaxation.

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of porous electrodes is critical for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, the effects of gas diffusion on the ORR in porous media need further investigation, although some issues, such as nonthermal surface oxygen exchange, have been attributed to gas diffusion. Herein, La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) with various porosity, pore radii, and gas permeability were investigated via the electrical conductivity relaxation method and analysed via the distributed of characteristic time (DCT) model. The ORR is revealed with three characteristic times, which are gas diffusion, oxygen exchange via the surface corresponding to small pores, and oxygen exchange to large pores. Gas diffusion delays the oxygen surface exchange reaction, resulting in a very low chemical oxygen surface exchange coefficient compared with that obtained with dense samples under the assumption that all the surfaces are active for the ORR. Reduced surface area is thus defined to quantitatively represent the gas diffusion effects. The reduced surface area increases with increasing gas permeability, demonstrating the importance of electrode engineering for fast gas transport. Moreover, reduced surface area is suggested for replacing the specific surface area to calculate the electrode polarization impedance via the ALS model.

Study of dielectric relaxation and electrical conduction mechanism in the double perovskite La2MnRuO6

We have prepared the La2MnRuO6 sample via the sol–gel self-combustion technique and studied the electrical modulus as well as the other dielectric properties using impedance spectroscopy. The Rietveld refinement of the powder XRD profile at ambient temperature revealed that only one phase is constituted in the elaborated sample. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group symmetry. The complex impedance spectroscopy was used to study the mechanism of electrical transport and dielectric relaxation. Jonscher’s universal power law controls accurately how the alternating current conductivity (AC) spectra behave. While the dielectric constant showed the effects of Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarisation, the dielectric loss factor exhibited a frequency dependency at all the investigated values of the temperature. Two peaks can be seen in the imaginary component of the impedance Z″ spectra. The first peak is located in the low-frequencies region whereas the second peak is in the high-frequency range. A peak shift into the high-frequency region is observed when the temperature increases, which comes from the gathering at the interface of free charges with increasing temperature. Moreover, the activation energy values obtained from the conductivity were in good agreement with those obtained by the modulus.

Optimized energy storage performances via high-entropy design in KNN-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Dielectric capacitors play an irreplaceable role in complex and integrated electronic systems. However, attaining ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) alongside energy storage efficiency (η) poses a formidable challenge, impeding the advance towards the miniaturization and integration of cutting-edge energy storage devices. In this work, a high-entropy strategy with a viscous polymer process is adopted, bringing about ultrafine grains and polar nanoregions (PNRs) accompanied by enhanced electrical homogeneity and polarization relaxation characteristics. As a result, an ultrahigh Wrec ∼ 7.51 J/cm3 is achieved in a high-entropy KNN-based energy storage ceramic with a high η ∼ 88.4% at 750 kV/cm. Moreover, the ceramic capacitor exhibits a colossal power density reaching approximately 420 MW/cm3 and a discharge energy density of approximately 4.85 J/cm3 at 160 ℃. Impressively, it maintains low variation rates of less than 4% across a broad temperature range from 20 ℃ to 160 ℃. The new approach opens avenues for the design and development of superior dielectric materials used in next-generation high-power pulse devices.

Advanced sensor performance: Investigating complexities of electrical resistance relaxation behavior in piezoresistive materials

Advanced sensor performance: Investigating complexities of electrical resistance relaxation behavior in piezoresistive materials

Correlated barrier hopping transport and non-Debye type dielectric relaxation in Zn2V2O7 pyrovanadate

Herein, the Zn2V2O7 electro-ceramic pyrovanadate was synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction technique and calcined at 700 °C. The single phase formation of Zn2V2O7 pyrovanadate crystallized in the monoclinic structure with C12/c1 space group was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD powder diffraction profile was analyzed by Rietveld refinement to investigate the structural details of the compound. The complex impedance analysis was carried out in the frequency domain of 83−2×106 Hz over a temperature range of 453–613 K to study the electrical charge conduction and dielectric relaxation mechanism in the material which revealed the presence of the distribution of relaxation times with thermal charge activation. Depressed semicircles in the Nyquist plots were modeled by an equivalent circuit with configuration (RGCG)(RGBQGB) which resolved the contributions of grains and grain boundaries towards the transport properties of the material. The electrical conductivity spectra followed Jonscher's power law behavior and the temperature variation of frequency exponent suggested correlated barrier hopping (CBH) as the governing transport mechanism in the Zn2V2O7 pyrovanadate system. The comparison between scaling behaviors of imaginary parts of impedance and modulus advocated the temperature-independent nature of relaxation time distribution. The imaginary electrical modulus spectra were reproduced by the Kohlrausch, Williams, and Watt formulism, and the fitted parameters confirmed the non-Debye type nature of the dielectric relaxation. Further, the Haveriliak-Negami function was employed to investigate the dielectric response of the material which was found to be consistent with impedance, conductivity, and modulus analyses. The frequency dispersion of the tangent loss verified that the hopping mechanism was thermally activated.

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy: Unraveling Na+diffusion and mixed conduction in Na₂O-modified zinc phosphate glasses for electrode material applications

The fundamental understanding of electric charge (ion + polarons/electrons) transport and relaxation mechanism is essential for applications in solid state ionics. In present work, to study Na+ transport, the electrical conductivity of zinc phosphate glasses modified with Na2O has been investigated in temperature range 313K and 473K and frequency range of 100 mHz to 1 MHz. The experimental data of Nyquist plots is fitted with appropriate equivalent circuits at different temperatures which reveals presence of mixed conduction (polaronic + ionic) and Na+ diffusion (at 50 mol% Na2O) in studied glass samples. The values of frequency exponent (s) obtained from the fitting of experimental data of the real part of electrical conductivity with Almond–West equation (WAE) have been used to determine the conduction mechanism. The electric transport in studied glasses occurred via correlated barrier hopping and non-overlapping small polaron tunnelling conduction models depending on the glass composition and temperature range of investigation. Electric Modulus studies further supports the assertion of composition and temperature dependent conduction mechanisms. The activation energies determined from conductivity, electric modulus, and impedance measurements are found to be consistent, indicating a good correlation in the study.

Synthesis and study of structural, electric, and dielectric behavior of La0.5Sm0.2Sr0.3Mn1-xFexO3 perovskite

In this study, the synthesized samples La0.5Sm0.2Sr0.3Mn1-xFexO3 (x = 0.05, 0.15 and 0.20) were thoroughly investigated for their crystalline structure, electrical conductivity, and dielectric properties, the samples were prepared using autocombustion method. According to the X-ray diffraction study, the samples crystallized in an orthorhombic symmetry with the Pnma space group. To measure the dielectric characteristics, impedance spectroscopy was conducted over the temperature range of 100–260 K and a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Measurements of AC conductivity are indeed utilized to investigate the transport properties of materials being studied. The results indicated that both temperature and frequency significantly influence the conduction process. Three theoretical hypotheses were proposed to explain the hopping conduction: overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT), the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) mechanism, and correlated barrier hopping (CBH). It is also shown that the conductivity diminishes with an increase in Fe content. La0.5Sm0.2Sr0.3Mn1-xFexO3 (x = 0.05, 0.15 and 0.20) can be used in electronic applications because of the high permittivity values confirmed by the dielectric measurements. With the aim of evaluating the distinct impacts of electrodes, grain boundaries, and grains on the complex impedance results, an appropriate alternative electrical circuit was utilized. Analysis of the sample's modulus indicated non-Debye characteristics and electrical relaxation phenomena. The materials exhibit good electrical properties, as well as strong chemical and thermal stability.

An efficient electrode for reversible oxygen reduction/evolution and ethylene electro-production on protonic ceramic electrochemical cells

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) have demonstrated great promise for applications in the generation of electricity, and the synthesis of chemicals (for example, ethylene). However, enhancing the electrochemical reactions kinetics and stability of PCECs electrodes is one grand challenge. Here, we present a novel electrode material via a co-doping of cesium (Cs) and niobium (Nb) on PrBaCo2O6−δ with the composition of PrBa0.9Cs0.1Co1.9Nb0.1O6−δ (PBCCN), which naturally decomposes into dual phases of a double-perovskite PBCCN (DP-PBCCN, ∼92.3 wt%) and a single-perovskite Ba0.9Cs0.1Co0.95Nb0.05O3−δ (SP-BCCN, ∼7.7 wt%) under typical powder processing conditions. PBCCN exhibits a low area-specific resistance (ASR) value of 0.107 Ω cm2, an outstanding performance of 2.04 W cm−2 in fuel cell (FC) mode, a current density of −2.84 A cm−2 at 1.3 V in electrolysis cell (EC) mode, and promising reversible operational durability of 53 cycles in ∼212 h at +/− 0.5 A cm−2 and 650 °C. Cs doping generates more oxygen vacancies and accelerates the oxygen exchange kinetics, while Nb doping effectively enhances the stability, as illustrated by the analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity relaxations. When applied as the positrode for electrochemical non-oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (C2H6) to ethylene (C2H4) on PCECs, it displays an encouraging C2H6 conversion of 12.75% and a C2H4 selectivity of 98.4% at 1.2 V.

Efficient and Stable In Situ Self‐Assembled Air Electrodes for Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells

AbstractReversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs) have garnered significant attention owing to their proficiency in efficiently converting and storing energy. The performance of R‐PCECs is largely limited by the activity and durability of oxygen reduction/evolution reactions in air electrodes. Herein, an Nb and Y doped cobalt‐based double perovskite of PrBaCo1.8Nb0.1Y0.1O5+δ (denoted as PBCNY) is reported. The perovskite is however in situ assembled into a deficient‐PrBa1−xCo1.8Nb0.1−xY0.1−xO5+δ parental phase and a Ba2YNbO6 secondary phase during operation, accordingly demonstrating a low area‐specific resistance of 0.24 Ω cm2 at 600 °C. The high activity is attributed to the enhancement in oxygen vacancy concentration, oxygen surface exchange, and bulk diffusion coefficient, confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation. At 700 °C, when the PBCNY cathode is applied as air electrodes for R‐PCECs, a peak power density of 1.99 W cm−2 and a current density of −5.20 A cm−2 (at 1.3 V) are achieved in fuel cell (FC) mode, and electrolysis (EL) mode with appropriate Faradaic efficiencies. Furthermore, R‐PCECs with PBCNY air electrodes display promising operational stability in FC mode (over 100 h), EL mode (over 200 h), and reversible cyclic testing (29 cycles for 120 h).

Electrical conductivity and relaxation mechanisms of nanocrystalline Ba0.75Ca0.2Cs0.05TiO3

Ca and Cs doped barium titanate lead-free ceramic with the formula Ba0.75Ca0.2Cs0.05TiO3 has been prepared by the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the crystallization of the sample in a tetragonal structure with a P4mm space group. The phase purity and grain morphology were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The material exhibits a primary phase of Ba0.75Ca0.2Cs0.05TiO3 with a minor secondary phase of BaO2, and the average grain size is determined to be 1.66 μm. Using non-destructive complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS), we extensively studied the electrical behavior, including complex impedance (Z*), complex modulus (M*), electrical conductivity, and relaxation mechanisms, of Ba0.75Ca0.2Cs0.05TiO3 over a wide temperature (85 K–290 K) and frequency range. The ac conductivity analysis reveals that the dominant conduction mechanism is the non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) model. The impedance analysis indicates a single semi-circle in the real and imaginary parts, suggesting a single relaxation mechanism. Additionally, the activation energy was calculated to be approximately 0.0489 eV. These findings contribute to the understanding of the structural and electrical properties of Ba0.75Ca0.2Cs0.05TiO3, highlighting its potential applications in electronic devices such as capacitors, thermistors, and ferroelectric random access memories (FRAMs).

Electrical transport and dielectric relaxation mechanism in Zn0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 spinel ferrite: A temperature- and frequency-dependent complex impedance study

In the present study, the frequency-dependent dielectric relaxation and electrical conduction mechanisms in sol-gel-derived Zn0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 (ZCFO) spinel ferrite were studied in the temperature range of 343–438 K. The formation of the ZCFO spinel ferrite phase with space group Fd3m was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The dielectric relaxation and electrical conduction mechanisms were studied using complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS). In the Nyquist plots, depressed semicircles were fitted with an equivalent circuit model with configuration (RGBQGB) (RGQG), signifying the contributions from grain boundaries and grains to the charge transport mechanism in the sample. The frequency-dependent AC conductivity was found to follow Jonscher's power law, and the frequency exponent term depicted the overlapping large polaron hopping (OLPH) model as the dominant transport mechanism. The activation energies for conductivity, electric modulus and impedance were calculated to identify the nature of the charge carriers governing the relaxation and conduction mechanisms in the prepared sample. Complex modulus studies confirmed the non-Debye type of dielectric relaxation, whereas tangent loss and dielectric constant analyses confirmed the thermally activated hopping mechanism of charge carriers in Zn0.5Cd0.5Fe2O4 spinel ferrite.

Enhancing the CO2 Adsorption of the Cobalt-Free Layered Perovskite Cathode for Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Cells Gains Excellent Stability under High Voltages via Oxygen-Defect Adjustment.

Solid-oxide electrolysis cells are a clean energy conversion device with the ability to directly electrolyze the conversion of CO2 to CO efficiently. However, their practical applications are limited due to insufficient CO2 adsorption performance of the cathode materials. To overcome this issue, the A-site cation deficiency strategy has been applied in a layered perovskite PrBaFe1.6Ni0.4O6-δ (PBFN) cathode for direct CO2 electrolysis. The introduction of 5% deficiency at the Pr/Ba site leads to a significant increase in the concentration of oxygen vacancies (nonstoichiometric number δ of oxygen vacancies increased from 0.093 to 0.132), which greatly accelerates the CO2 adsorption performance as well as the O2- transport capacity toward the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). CO2 temperature-programmed desorption indicates that A-site cation-deficient (PrBa)0.95Fe1.6Ni0.4O6-δ (PB95FN) shows a larger desorption peak area and a higher desorption temperature. PB95FN also exhibits a greater presence of carbonate in Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity relaxation test shows that the introduction of the 5% A-site deficiency effectively improves the surface oxygen exchange and diffusion kinetics of PB95FN. The current density of the electrolysis cell with the (PrBa)0.95Fe1.6Ni0.4O6-δ (PB95FN) cathode reaches 0.876 A·cm-2 under 1.5 V at 800 °C, which is 41% higher than that of PB100FN. Moreover, the PB95FN cathode demonstrates excellent long-term stability over 100 h and better short-term stability than PB100FN under high voltages, which can be ascribed to the enhanced CO2 adsorption performance. The PB95FN cathode maintains a porous structure and tightly binds to the electrolyte after stability testing. This study highlights the potential of regulating oxygen defects in layered perovskite PrBaFe1.6Ni0.4O6-δ cathode materials via incorporation of cation deficiency toward high-temperature CO2 electrolysis.