Electric Propulsion Research Articles

Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Electric Vehicle Propulsion with Multiple Objectives

Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines for Electric Vehicle Propulsion with Multiple Objectives

Evolution and Comparison of Two Axial–Flux PM Machines for All–Electric Aircraft Propulsion

Evolution and Comparison of Two Axial–Flux PM Machines for All–Electric Aircraft Propulsion

Real-time Adaptive Control of Electric Vehicle Drives using Artificial Neural Networks

This study examines the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in real-time adaptive control for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion systems, with the goal of enhancing performance and efficiency. The neural network-based control system is developed and validated using experimental data that includes vehicle speed, battery temperature, battery voltage, and motor temperature. The neural network demonstrates precise control output predictions by effectively adapting to dynamic changes in input parameters, exhibiting a remarkable level of responsiveness to diverse operating settings. The analysis of the experimental findings reveals a strong correlation between the expected and actual control values, confirming the system's dependability and effectiveness in managing torque and voltage instructions for the electric vehicle (EV). The performance indicators, such as mean squared error (MSE), R-squared, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE), demonstrate a small difference between the anticipated and actual values, indicating that the system has a high level of accuracy and predictive capacity. Furthermore, the system displays remarkable responsiveness to changes in velocity, battery temperature, and voltage, showcasing its capacity to adjust to different driving situations while still staying within acceptable levels of fluctuation. This research highlights the capacity of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to facilitate accurate and flexible control systems for electric vehicles (EVs), representing a substantial advancement in improving the performance, efficiency, and adaptability of electric vehicle propulsion in sustainable transportation systems. The neural network-based control system has been proven to be accurate, responsive, and reliable. This highlights its potential to revolutionize future electric vehicle (EV) technologies and contribute to advancements in real-time adaptive control strategies for environmentally friendly transportation systems.

Investigation of a Double-Stator Consequent-Pole Dual-PM Machine for Electric Vehicle Propulsion

Investigation of a Double-Stator Consequent-Pole Dual-PM Machine for Electric Vehicle Propulsion

Haptic Sensing and Feedback Techniques toward Virtual Reality.

Haptic interactions between human and machines are essential for information acquisition and object manipulation. In virtual reality (VR) system, the haptic sensing device can gather information to construct virtual elements, while the haptic feedback part can transfer feedbacks to human with virtual tactile sensation. Therefore, exploring high-performance haptic sensing and feedback interface imparts closed-loop haptic interaction to VR system. This review summarizes state-of-the-art VR-related haptic sensing and feedback techniques based on the hardware parts. For the haptic sensor, we focus on mechanism scope (piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric) and introduce force sensor, gesture translation, and touch identification in the functional view. In terms of the haptic feedbacks, methodologies including mechanical, electrical, and elastic actuators are surveyed. In addition, the interactive application of virtual control, immersive entertainment, and medical rehabilitation is also summarized. The challenges of virtual haptic interactions are given including the accuracy, durability, and technical conflicts of the sensing devices, bottlenecks of various feedbacks, as well as the closed-loop interaction system. Besides, the prospects are outlined in artificial intelligence of things, wise information technology of medicine, and multimedia VR areas.

MVDC electric propulsion systems for integrating waste heat recovery systems in marine transport

MVDC electric propulsion systems for integrating waste heat recovery systems in marine transport

Interactional aerodynamics and acoustics of a rotor with an airframe in hover

The demand for the development of urban air mobility (UAM) powered by electric systems has been steadily rising across private and public sectors. Most UAM flights incorporate a distributed electric propulsion system to enhance aircraft safety and reliability, which entails an increase in the number of rotors or propellers. Consequently, aerodynamics and aeroacoustics are significantly influenced by strong interactions between the rotor and the airframe. In this study, we conducted a computational investigation to examine the impact of rotor–airframe interaction on aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics. This examination considered variations in airframe shape and the distance between the rotor and airframe. The aerodynamic analysis was executed using the lattice-Boltzmann method simulation, in which acoustic predictions were made using the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings(FW–H) acoustic analogy with a permeable surface. The airframe consists of two geometries: a cylinder and a cone. Tip vortex breakdown and the transition into the turbulent wake state were captured in both airframes, and a fountain flow was affected by the downwash circulation generated under certain proximity of airframe cases. The acoustic prediction results showed that high-intensity noise radiated over the broad surface of the airframe in the conical airframe case. Significant thrust force fluctuations and an increase in noise level were observed at the smallest rotor tip clearance, S/R=−0.1, compared to the isolated rotor. Furthermore, the noise contribution of the rotor and airframe was compared, revealing that the airframe noise level was even higher than the rotor noise at S/R=−0.1.

Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Step Skew Crossed Teeth Transverse Flux Motor for Distributed Electric Propulsion System

Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Step Skew Crossed Teeth Transverse Flux Motor for Distributed Electric Propulsion System

Ion Electric Propulsion System Design Considerations for Beam Sparkle

Ion Electric Propulsion System Design Considerations for Beam Sparkle

Миссия к Марсу на базе универсальной малогабаритной платформы с ЭРДУ

In the preprint, the concept of a mission to Mars is developed based on the micro-class space platform, a standardized spacecraft with a dry mass of no more than 100 kg equipped with a unified electric propulsion system for orbital maneuvering and attitude control. The spacecraft bus design and the possible payload are described in detail. The preliminary flight dynamics analysis proves the feasibility of the proposed concept.

Consensus-Based Powered Cruise and Yaw Controls for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Distributed Electric Propulsion System

Consensus-Based Powered Cruise and Yaw Controls for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Distributed Electric Propulsion System

Research on SiC Speed Controller for High‐Voltage Distributed Electric Propulsion System

The shift towards green aviation necessitates the adoption of all‐electric aircraft, marking an essential trend in the aviation industry. Distributed propulsion systems enhance aircraft flexibility and reliability, synchronously reducing performance demands and costs of single propulsion units compared to centralized propulsion system. The high reliability and lightweight characteristics of brushless DC motors have made them increasingly popular in distributed propulsion systems. Despite its advantage which helps to build efficient aircraft aerodynamic layout, there are more cables in the distributed propulsion system, which accounts for most of the weight of the aircraft. To address this, all‐electric aircraft utilizes high‐voltage power supply to reduce the current, so it uses SiC MOSFETs as power devices to improve its efficiency and heat dissipation. The speed controller in all‐electric aircraft determines the efficiency and reliability of the propulsion unit. However, the traditional high‐voltage speed controller poses challenges for aircraft maintenance because of high cost. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the significance of designing a low‐cost, high‐performance speed controller for all‐electric aircraft. Challenges such as circuit interference, battery voltage fluctuation, and sampling noise affecting the high‐voltage controller during operation are solved, respectively. First, to address the likelihood of mutual interference in the bridge arm, a self‐bootstrapping voltage reduction drive mode is designed to turn off SiC MOSFET and enhance circuit anti‐interference. Second, to solve the challenge of wide battery voltage fluctuation range and inconsistent controller output, an adaptive pulse width modulation (PWM) regulation mode for battery voltage is proposed, ensuring stable controller output. Finally, to counteract the impact of the comparator threshold on zero‐crossing sampling, an electrical angle delay method based on delay compensation is designed to improve the efficiency of the brushless DC motor during operation. Experimental results show that the three solutions proposed in this paper are helpful to improve the anti‐interference, stability, and efficiency of the controller in the high‐voltage distributed electric propulsion system and contribute to reduce the cost and weight in the propulsion unit.

Sliding Mode Wheel Slip Control for Regenerative Braking of an All-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle

Abstract Regenerative braking is one of the main advantages of electric propulsion systems. In such systems, the vehicle brake controller has to prioritize safety while maximizing the recovered energy at all times. This paper proposes a two-step hierarchical brake controller for a dual-motor all-wheel-drive electric vehicle. In the first step, a novel sliding mode controller (SMC) generates the total braking torque on each axle to independently control the slip on the front and rear wheels. In the second step, the torque split controller assigns motor and friction brake torques to maximize the recovered energy. By incorporating the effects of changing vehicle speed, the proposed SMC controller accounts for the nonlinearities in vehicle dynamics and tire model and considers the weight transfer due to vehicle deceleration while being robust to disturbances. Using simulations, we show that while the traditional SMC formulation is not effective during emergency braking scenarios, the proposed formulation successfully generates control commands to bring the vehicle to a stop position at a minimum distance. Furthermore, our controller can maintain both wheels in the stable slip region, even when starting from a locked position. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated for an emergency braking scenario and on an aggressive segment of the US06 cycle.

Анализ траекторий легкого лунного буксира с электрореактивной двигательной установкой

The work focuses on developing a lightweight lunar tug with an electric propulsion system for transporting cargo between promising near-Earth and near-lunar stations. The aim is to determine the ranges of transfer trajectory characteristics, considering realistic initial parameters: engine specifications, vehicle mass, launch date, and conditions. The lunar tug's design, solar panel parameters, and engine operating modes are provided. The flight scheme and method for designing transfer trajectories between near-Earth and near-Moon orbits are briefly described. The results of designing trajectories based on launch date, engine mode, and initial mass are presented and discussed.

A Generalized Control for Multiphase Multilevel Converter in a Spacecrafts Electric Propulsion System

A Generalized Control for Multiphase Multilevel Converter in a Spacecrafts Electric Propulsion System

A Variable Structure Modulation Strategy to Suppress CMV and Reduce Switching Losses for UAV Electric Propulsion System

A Variable Structure Modulation Strategy to Suppress CMV and Reduce Switching Losses for UAV Electric Propulsion System

Design and Implementation of SiC-Based 200-kW High-Density High-Speed High-Altitude Electric Propulsion AC Drive System

Design and Implementation of SiC-Based 200-kW High-Density High-Speed High-Altitude Electric Propulsion AC Drive System

Dynamic Performance of a Decoupled Dual Wound Synchronous Generator for Electric Propulsion of Ships

Dynamic Performance of a Decoupled Dual Wound Synchronous Generator for Electric Propulsion of Ships

A suggestion for space harmonic injection into motor current to reduce propeller vibration

Propellers produce fluctuating thrust and torque as they rotate in a non-uniform wake field. They contribute most of the vibration and noise generated by the propeller and can lead to mechanical damage to shafts and bearings. Recently, the demand for electric propulsion ships has increased. As the torque and speed fluctuations are generated in marine propellers, harmonic components in the current and voltage of the propulsion motor occur and lead to increased losses, device degradation, and torque pulsations. In this study, a harmonic injection method is proposed to reduce the impact of motor and mechanical vibration caused by the fluctuating load torque of the propeller. A harmonic component is applied to the current of the motor to generate a motor torque with a different phase of the same magnitude as the variation of the load torque of the motor. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed to obtain the torque of the target vessel, medium range tanker, and a MATLAB Simulink was used to model the motor simulation. It was found that the harmonic injection method can reduce the mechanical torque fluctuation of the motor by 87%.

An DC-Equal-Area based Virtual Inertia and Damping Evaluation Method for Ship VSM-controlled Electric Propulsion

An DC-Equal-Area based Virtual Inertia and Damping Evaluation Method for Ship VSM-controlled Electric Propulsion