Electric Power Industry Research Articles

Volute clapboard and clearance of wear-ring effect on the operation characteristics of canned motor pump

Canned Motor Pump (CMP) is widely used in petroleum, chemical, electric power, aerospace engineering, and military manufacturing industries due to its good sealing performance. In the structure of canned motor pump, the rotor of the motor and the impeller of the pump are fixed on the same shaft. Therefore, balancing the axial force and the radical force of the rotor is a key task for its reliable operation. The numerical simulation study of CMP is carried out in this paper, aiming to improve the pump efficiency and balance the axial force and radial force. The internal flow and rotor force characteristics of CMP under different radial clearances of front or back wear-rings and different volute partitions are studied. The results show that with the increase of wear-ring gap, external performances decline, and the front wear-ring gap contributed the largest influence. Under the working conditions of 0.6QBEP and 0.8QBEP, front wear-rings contributed the largest influence to axial force, and the degree of influence decreases with the rate of flow increase. Radial clearances of front or back wear-rings have less impact on the radial force of the impeller. Adding clapboard for volute has a greater impact on the value and direction of radial force, and it can promote the balance of radial force. However, the effectiveness value will decrease. The research in this paper can provide theoretical basis and reference for performance prediction and hydraulic optimization of CMP.

Optimal production decision of hybrid power generation enterprises in complex trading conditions

At present, an increasing number of countries and regions, including China, are adopting electricity and carbon markets to optimize the resource allocation of the electricity power industry. To mitigate the impacts of these complex market conditions, more and more power generation enterprises adopt hybrid production mode, generating electricity from thermal and new energy units simultaneously. This research introduces the decision process of hybrid power generation enterprises under the abovementioned trading conditions, and provide the optimal production decisions of enterprises with different market positions. Besides, the consequences of collusion behaviors among power generation enterprises and governmental policy changes are also measured based on the description to the equilibrium state of electricity and carbon markets. Numerical experiment results confirm the correctness of the production decision model and reveal the following facts: (1) Carbon market effectively reduces carbon emissions and raises the new energy power generation share, but it cuts the electricity supply and drives up the electricity clearing price. (2) The combined effects of electricity and carbon markets are able to mitigate the impacts of policy changes on market equilibrium. Power generation enterprises first internally cushion these impacts by adjusting the generation structure, and then absorb the residual impacts by adjusting the total power generation. (3) The collusion behaviors among power generation enterprises can destroy the electricity and carbon markets largely. They increase the CO2 emissions by 187.94%, cutting the electricity supply by 25.30%, and drive up the electricity clearing price by 1.37%.

What opportunities opens up for industrial enterprises the purchase of natural gas on the commodity exchange

Over the past 15 years, the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation has undergone significant systemic and structural changes. The need to implement changes is dictated by external challenges from the global energy markets, in the functioning of which the Russian economy plays a key role, as well as internal challenges, emerging in the form of requests from all sectors of the economy for the need to reduce the cost of consumed energy resources, and the need to increase the efficiency of the economy. Since 2006, a wholesale electricity (capacity) market has been operating in Russia, the mechanisms of which are based on the principle of competitive pricing for electricity supplied to consumers. Participation in the wholesale market for industrial enterprises opens up the possibility of reducing the cost of purchasing electricity, in the form of excluding the payment for the services of regional guaranteeing suppliers, whose share can range from 3% to 8% of the final electricity tariffs. Positive experience in creating competitive relations in the electric power industry determined the possibility for introducing energy market mechanisms into the Russian gas supply industry. In 2014, competitive natural gas trading was launched in Russia as part of the Commodity Exchange, in which large consumers and independent suppliers can participate.

THE COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AT THE POWER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT OF IGOR SIKORSKY KYIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

The concept of the "green" energy transition involves, first of all, the transformation of views on the development of energy, in particular, the electric power industry in the context of its greening and decarbonization, with special attention to the problems of combating climate change within the framework of the sustainable development paradigm. Such a transformation requires the education of high-quality electrical enguneers, who are aware of the new role and place of the consumer in the liberalized electricity markets within the Smart Grid concept. End-to-end three-level training at the Department of Power Supply of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute bachelors, masters (professional and scientists) and Ph.D. during the 25 years under the educational and professional programs "Systems for providing consumers with electrical energy" and "Energy management and energy-efficient technologies" specialty 141 "Electric power engineering, electrical engineering and electromechanics" in the field of knowledge 14 "Electrical engineering" made it possible to provide industrial, energy, communal, commercial and other companies and organizations, as well as authorities and local self-governments of Ukraine with qualified specialists in the power supply of the built environment, industrial enterprises and agricultural objects and energy managers, capable of jointly solving complex the task of reliable electricity supply to consumers with high-quality electrical energy with the introduction of energy-efficient technologies, reduction of the use of fossil fuels and reduction of harmful emissions on the basis of sustainable development.

FEATURES OF ORGANIZATION AND USE OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

The article analyzes the features and formulates recommendations for the most effective use of the energy storage systems in electrical distribution systems and microgrids in the context of expanding the use of local renewable energy sources. Information about various energy storage technologies is summarized and recommendations are formulated regarding their best applying for various applications in the electric power industry. The tasks that can and should be solved by energy storage systems in distribution networks are considered, as a result of which the expediency of forming hybrid storage systems is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the bibliography and consideration of international experience, the main problems have been identified that require further research for a reasonable choice of the structure, parameters, locations and modes of operation of hybrid energy storage systems, taking into account the specifics of the structure and operation of domestic electric distribution systems with local energy sources. Under the implementation of hybrid energy storage systems, a fundamentally new problem of determining the optimal parameters of individual components of such systems arises, which was practically not covered in published works on this issue. Additionally, difficulty in solving this task is the need for its complex solution, since, firstly, the parameters of the individual components of the hybrid energy storage system are most likely interdependent, and secondly, it is necessary to take into account the involvement of the storage systems in the solution of a number of optimization problems inherent in the electrical distribution systems. In order to facilitate the use of energy storage devices, it is advisable to create a comprehensive standard that allows you to evaluate and compare the quality and performance of different technologies, helps energy storage users justify the type and parameters, as well as optimal placement for maximum benefit.

Research on Carbon Peak Prediction in Electric Power Industry Based on DeBruyn and System Dynamics Model

As a critical field of carbon emission, the clean and low-carbon transformation of power industry is extremely critical to the smooth realization of country’s "dual carbon" goal. From the perspective of the whole power industry chain, the DeBruyn decomposition method was firstly used to determine critical influence factors of carbon emission in the power industry. Next, the response relationship between the influence factors and carbon emission was established. Finally, the peak value and its occurrence time under various scenarios were identified through designing four typical scenarios. The obtained results demonstrated that, under the context of interactive influence among positive driving factors (population size, thermal power generation, industrial structure, GDP), negative driving factors (forest area, energy structure, science and technology investment) and other factors, the carbon-emission amounts of the power industry under baseline scenario were increased continuously; conversely, the peak value of carbon emission under two single carbon reduction policy scenarios (i.e. carbon trading policy and renewable energy quota policy) and their composition scenario would become decrease, being 5.46×109 tons, 5.61×109 tons and 5.16×109 tons, respectively. Correspondingly, the occurrence time of peak value under three scenarios was in 2029, 2029 and 2028, respectively.

Emergency Board Management as a Tool for Strengthening Resilience of the Electric Power Industry: A Case Study in the Czech Republic

The study addresses the topic of disasters associated with the electricity sector in relation to strengthening its resilience as one of the basic elements of critical infrastructure. One of the important tools for the management of risks associated with the electricity sector is the activity and functioning of emergency boards, which are used during large-scale disasters. At the emergency board meeting, the current situation and the expected development of the event are assessed, possible solutions are proposed, and decisions are taken to coordinate activities at the strategic management level and to plan the disaster management process. Decision-making processes in the emergency board are often characterized by a high level of uncertainty in the incoming information. The case study and the research conducted are focused on the specific conditions of the Czech Republic. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of development of crisis-management plans with an emphasis on the electricity sector within the individual regions of the Czech Republic as a basic tool to strengthen the resilience of the electricity sector. Furthermore, it was examined whether there are standardized procedures for dealing with individual types of crisis situations and whether they are used as basic methodological support for the emergency board. This part of the investigation focused on a detailed examination of the use of each type of crisis situation in the conditions of the region. For the implementation of the actual investigation, general methods were used—analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and feedback methods. Furthermore, the questionnaire survey method was used to obtain information from crisis managers at the level of regions in the Czech Republic who are usually members of the emergency board. The sparse-scale evaluation method and Pareto analysis were used to process the information obtained. The survey itself yielded a large amount of interesting information on the level of processing of individual procedures for crisis situations, especially in relation to the electricity sector. Furthermore, the types of individual crisis situations were identified, where the procedures for dealing with them were processed with detailed analysis and details, and, on the contrary, disasters that are processed in a minimalist way.

Problems of Constructing the Distribution Network Relay Protection System under Market Economy Conditions

The influence of the Russian Federation electric power industry market mechanisms on the operation of the distribution network relay protection system is analyzed. The normative and legal documentation regulating the interaction between various electric power industry entities is studied, and the cause of a problem affecting the construction of the distribution network relay protection system is pointed out. To confirm this hypothesis, an example with connection of a 10/0.4 kV transformer substation is considered. The actuation parameters (current and time) are calculated both for the 10 kV relay protection and 0.4 kV circuit breakers with electronic releasing devices installed in them. The calculation results were used to compile a protective devices selectivity map, based on which areas with non-selective actuation of the transformer substation protection system have been identified. Recommendations on eliminating the current situation associated with limiting the maximum time delay from the transformer substation power supply side are given.

Ways of improving the efficiency of risk management in the context of integrated risk assessment of electricity industry enterprises

Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the work of domestic and foreign scientists. The results were obtained due to the application of a system of methods: the method of logical analysis made it possible to develop the logic of the research; deductions – to identify individual factors affecting the risk level of the enterprise; generalization and synthesis – for the formation of a scientific approach to the integral risk assessment of electric power enterprises. The graphic method made it possible to visualize the obtained research results. Results. Domestic enterprises need the formation of approaches to risk management, which will allow them to ensure proper development and competitiveness. The article substantiates various approaches to risk grouping for electric power enterprises. The most important risks, according to the representatives of the electric power sector, are defined, among which the main ones are regulatory, operational and market risks. The authors prove that market risks in the electric power industry have a specific nature and are inherent only to national markets where there are competitive electricity trades. An approach to the integrated risk assessment of an electric power company has been developed, which is based on: calculation of financial and economic indicators of the company's activity; comparing them with normative values, assigning point values to the calculated coefficients; calculation of intra-group point values of coefficients of the financial and economic condition and calculation of the integral risk indicator of the enterprise's activity. Approbation of the scientific and methodical approach was carried out for the Khmelnytskyi electric power company and it was identified by the level of risk. Novelty. There is substantiated the scientific and methodological approach to the integrated risk assessment of enterprises as a tool for increasing the efficiency of risk management of enterprises in the electric power industry. Practical value consists in the possibility of applying the developed scientific and methodical approach to the integrated assessment of risk by enterprises of various industries. The obtained results allow domestic enterprises to participate in risk management processes and at the same time ensure competitive advantages in the relevant markets.

Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting Based on Neural Networks

The article sets out the use of an artificial neural network for electrical load consumption forecasting. Electrical load prediction is one of the most demanded areas of research in the electric power industry. The two-layer artificial neural network of direct distribution with the number of neurons in the hidden layer equal to 6 was proposed in the article. The following data was taken as an input for forecasting short-term electrical load: electrical load, time, day of the week, temperature, day, weekend and working day code. According to the studies, the value of the mean absolute percentage error was 2.35, using the Bayesian Regularization learning algorithm.

Investment and Innovation Activity of Renewable Energy Sources in the Electric Power Industry in the South-Eastern Region of Ukraine

Nowadays, the Ukrainian electricity industry is experiencing difficult conditions, as it is operating in a mode of depletion of its production potential. At the same time, the transition to sustainable and renewable energy is the necessary basis for the country’s welfare and for ensuring its energy security. Therefore, today we cannot do without the additional attraction of sources of funding from investors. The purpose of the survey is to study the pattern and effectiveness of investments and identify links and dependencies between key technical and economic parameters and investments in renewable energy sources. To achieve this goal, the authors divided the study into four successive stages, which made it possible to study the subject of the study comprehensively. As a result of the study, results have been obtained that complement the existing theoretical, methodological, and practical developments. Mathematical calculations (using the example of the largest wind power plants in the south-eastern region) revealed transparent relationships and dependencies between the critical technical and economic parameters of the WPP of South-Eastern Ukraine and investments in the wind energy sector. Among them: the installation of 1 MW of additional WPP generating capacity requires an average of EUR 1.51 million of investment resources, and the production of one additional kWh of electricity requires an investment EUR 0.42 euros; therefore, providing an additional thousand households with WPP electricity is possible with an investment of EUR 1.345 million.

Features of the formation and implementation of the environmental policy of electric power enterprises

The article is devoted to the study of tools for the formation and implementation of the environmental policy of electric power enterprises. Global climate change, caused by the negative impact of industrial activities on the environment, can cause more damage to the economy, even if production processes do not change. This assumption implies that optimal environmental policies can help reduce the intensity of environmental pollution. Optimal environmental policies allow environmental damage with greater consumption of goods and less pollution. Power generation enterprises are the sources of the following factors affecting the environment: emissions of pollutants into the air; discharges of pollutants into water bodies; disposal of production and consumption waste; electromagnetic radiation; noise. The need to develop and implement the environmental policy of electric power enterprises is due to the need to overcome the consequences of the negative impact of the production activities of energy companies on the environment. One of the main conditions for the development of an effective environmental policy is the analysis of tools for the formation and implementation of environmental policy by electric power enterprises. The article presents the main features and problems of the formation and implementation of the environmental policy of electric power enterprises in modern conditions. due to the need to overcome the consequences of the negative impact of the production activities of energy companies on the environment. One of the main conditions for the development of an effective environmental policy is the analysis of tools for the formation and implementation of environmental policy by enterprises of the electric power industry. The article presents the main features and problems of the formation and implementation of the environmental policy of electric power enterprises in modern conditions. due to the need to overcome the consequences of the negative impact of the production activities of energy companies on the environment. One of the main conditions for the development of an effective environmental policy is the analysis of tools for the formation and implementation of environmental policy by electric power enterprises.

Development of technology for creating software in the electric power industry of Turkmenistan

This scientific paper presents the results of using software to measure electric energy consumption in terms of brightness and time. Using this software, one can remotely measure the brightness and, based on the results, calculate the electric energy consumed by the electric power in the lighting system. This software enables quickly and reliably to calculate the consumed electric energy from the lighting installations, as well as the correspondence of their brightness to the rated power. A distinctive feature of this software is that it is the first of its kind developed in Turkmenistan and its interface is in the Turkmen language.

Structural changes in Ukraine’s electricity generation and their impact on the reduction of CO2 emissions

The purpose of the study is to assess the state of and structural changes in Ukraine’s electricity generation and their impact on the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For the investigation, data from the International Energy Agency and the National Power Company Ukrenergo were used. The study analyzes the trends in Ukraine CO2 emissions by economic sector, the trends in the country’s electricity generation and electricity generation capacities, the structure of electricity generation capacities by type of flexibility and presents the calculations of the integral coefficients of structural changes in the electricity generation capacities and electricity generation by type of flexibility. The study also examines how the structure of the energy sector of Ukraine has changed in terms of electricity generation. For this purpose, the structure of the Ukrainian electricity generation capacities and electricity generation by generation type is considered and the integral coefficients of structural changes in the electricity capacities and electricity production by generation type are calculated. Based on the study results, it is determined that, over the considered period, the decrease in Ukraine’s electricity generation was more significant than the decrease in its generation capacities, which has led to a corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions in the country; the structural changes in the electric power industry of Ukraine were not adequate to the structural changes in the country’s economy, which has led to a shortage in flexible capacities but also resulted in the reduction of CO2 emissions due to a decline in electricity generation.

분산형 직류 전력설비 표준화동향에 대한 고찰

In the electric power industry around the world, standardization activities have been actively carried out in accordance with the spread of renewable energy and the increase in the use of DC power based on a carbon-neutral policy. In particular, standardization of distributed DC power facilities is necessary for the spread of the protection cooperation system and improvement of efficiency, but related studies are lacking. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of domestic standardization, which is the basis for establishing a national standardization roadmap for distributed DC power facilities, and to suggest the direction of standardization policy. As for the research method, the standardization status of international (IEC), national (KS), and domestic group standards (SPS) related to distributed DC power facilities and established standards were compared and analyzed. As a result of the study, the established KS simply introduced IEC standards, and it is confirmed that SPS does not sufficiently reflect the complementarity with KS or IEC standards. In conclusion, it is necessary to improve the domestic standardization method from the existing partition type to an integrated cooperative type in which IEC, KS, and SPS are harmonized and complementary effects can be expected. This standardization policy is expected to contribute to the establishment of an efficient national standardization roadmap and implementation plan that can help the development of domestic power industry infrastructure.

A Platform Independent Web-Application for Short-Term Electric Power Load Forecasting on a 33/11 kV Substation Using Regression Model

Short-term electric power load forecasting is a critical and essential task for utilities of the electric power industry for proper energy trading and that enable the independent system operator to operate the network without any technical and economical issues. In this paper, machine learning model such as linear regression model is used to forecast the active power load one hour and one day ahead. Real time active power load data to train and test the machine learning model is collected from a 33/11 kV substation located in Telangana State, India. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that linear regression model can forecast the load with less mean absolute error i.e. 0.042 with training data and 0.045 with testing data in comparison with support vector regressor model for an hour ahead operation. Whereas in the case of the day ahead operation, linear regression model can forecast the load with less mean absolute error i.e. 0.055 with training data and 0.057 with testing data in comparison with support vector regressor model. A platform independent web application is developed to help the operators of the 33/11 kV substation which is located in Godishala, Telangana State, India.

Sustainable development of Russian energy companies: ESG principles

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Шляхи адаптації та модернізації випробувального обладнання для відтворення ударних навантажень виходячи з вимог стандарту MIL-STD-810

The subject matter of the article is the process of testing the objects of general use, aviation and space industry, railway transport, electric power industry, and nuclear industry on the impact of shock loads. The goal is to implement modern international standards, in particular MIL-STD-810, in the practice of testing laboratories. The tasks to be solved are: to study the possibility of using vibration stands in impact testing and to modernize the existing test equipment by developing a new software for control systems based on existing and proven algorithms. To achieve this goal, the analysis of current regulatory documents was carried out and the existing experience in the conformity assessment was adapted. The following results were obtained: a research test stand was created using the technical capabilities of the Test & Certification Center of RPI “HARTRON-ARKOS” LTD. The software was developed using standard library elements from the SCADA system. The capacity of using a vibrating stand during impact testing was taken into account, and an iterative impact control mode was implemented. The operability of the modernized test equipment was confirmed by full-scale verification of all parameters with a positive result, and approbation was passed during real tests in various modes for complex test objects. This paper formulates proposals for expanding the capabilities of the existing laboratory and testing base when implementing MIL-STD-810. The proposed approach to software development allows the replication of the code in any other software environment. A comparative assessment of financial and time costs for the purchase of new and modernization of existing equipment confirms the economic feasibility of the described approach. The perceptiveness of the adoption of the MIL-STD-810 standard as a state standard of Ukraine was defined. It is proposed to use this standard in the practice of testing laboratories to conform the requirements of developers and manufacturers in various industries, as well as a basis for industry standards, which ensures the replacement of outdated and canceled standards.

Enhancing Investment Attractiveness through ESG Ratings: A Sustainable Development Perspective in the Banking, Electric Utilities and IPP Industries

Objective: Main goal of the research is toto assess the level of influence of the ESG rating on the investment attractiveness of companies. The object of the study is the companies for which the ESG rating is calculated (the oil and gas, metallurgical, electric power and banking industries are observed). The hypothesis is that the management dealing with issues related to ESG should take into account the significance of the impact of the ESG rating on the investment attractiveness of companies, if the significance is proven. Method: The methodological part of this research is formed by an econometric estimation of regressions based on panel data models. Results: There were performed econometric assessment of the impact of the ESG rating on the investment attractiveness of companies. The results of econometric modeling are presented in the list of recommendations for ESG managers. In addition, results of the research proves the significance of COVID-19 pandemic impact on the investment attractiveness of the oil and gas companies. Conclusion: The novelty of the results is in the individual econometric estimation of companies’ ESG-rating impact on the investment attractiveness based on the unique set of companies, which present four different industries. Based on the sample of companies from eleven countries, for which ESG scores for the period from 2016 to 2020 were calculated, the statistical significance of ESG-factors, concerning the analysis of its impact on the indicators of investment attractiveness (ROI, EPS), was identified.

COMPARISON OF SHORT-TERM FORECASTING METHODS OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN MICROGRIDS

Context. The current stage of development of the electric power industry is characterized by an intensive process of microgrid development and management. The feasibility of using a microgrid is determined by the fact that it has a number of advantages compared to classical methods of energy generation, transmission, and distribution. It is much easier to ensure the reliability of electricity supply within the microgrid than in large energy systems. Energy consumers in a microgrid can affect the power balancing process by regulating their loads, generating, storing, and releasing electricity. One of the main tasks of the microgrid is to provide consumers with electrical energy in a balance between its generation and consumption. This is achieved thanks to the intelligent management of the microgrid operation, which uses energy consumption forecasting data. This allows to increase the efficiency of energy infrastructure management.
 Objective. The purpose of this work is to develop short-term electricity consumption forecasting models for various types of microgrid electricity consumers, which will improve the efficiency of energy infrastructure management and reduce electricity consumption.
 Method. The SARIMA autoregressive model and the LSTM machine learning model are used to obtain forecast values of electricity consumption. AIC and BIC information criteria are used to compare autoregressive models. The accuracy of forecasting models is evaluated using MAE, RMSE, MAPE errors.
 Results. The experiments that forecast the amount of electricity consumption for the different types of consumers were conducted. Forecasting was carried out for both LSTM and AR models on formed data sets at intervals of 6 hours, 1 day, and 3 days. The forecasting results of the LSTM model met the forecasting requirements, providing better forecasting quality compared to AR models.
 Conclusions. The conducted study of electricity consumption forecasting made it possible to find universal forecasting models that meet the requirements of forecasting quality. A comparative analysis of developed time series forecasting models was performed, as a result of which the advantages of ML models over AR models were revealed. The predictive quality of the LSTM model showed the accuracy of the MAPE of forecasting electricity consumption for a private house – 0.1%, a dairy plant – 3.74%, and a gas station – 3.67%. The obtained results will allow to increase the efficiency of microgrid management, the distribution of electricity between electricity consumers to reduce the amount of energy consumption and prevent peak loads on the power grid.