Electric Potential Gradient Research Articles

Impact of Dual Functionalities of Mo‐Doped BiFeO3 Decorated with Bi4MoO9 Heteroatoms for Piezo‐Photocatalytic Activity

AbstractPiezocatalysts have shown great promise for effcient hydrogen generation. However, their application is limited by the rapid charge recombination and sluggish charge transfer rate of piezo‐induced charge carriers. This work aims to address the preceding limitations by controlled synthesis of a representative piezocatalyst, BiFeO3 doped with Mo atoms and decorated with Bi4MoO9 (BMO) heteroatoms using sol‐gel method. The substitutional doping of Mo on BFO (BFMO) was shown to induce a shallow energy level near the conduction band that acted as a trapping state, to suppress recombination of charge carriers, enhance charge mobility for transport to the surface, modulate band alignment, and lower the energy barrier for surface reaction. The formation of BFMO/BMO heterostructures induced electrical band bending, leading to the electric potential gradient, hence promoting charge carrier separation and transfer. The BFMO/BMO with 0.5 mol % Mo (Mo‐5) demonstrated four times faster piezocatalytic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation rate (k of 0.032 min−1) compared to pristine BFO (0.009 min−1). Further, the Mo‐5 exhibited a 45% higher piezocatalytic H2 production rate (14.4 µmol/g/h) compared to pristine BFO (9.8 µmol/g/h) while being cocatalyst‐free. Coupling piezocatalysis with photocatalysis was found to reduceperformance relative to the individual processes, which is attributed to Auger recombination which impedes any potential synergistic effect.

Numerical and experimental analysis of the effect of multi-ion electrical coupling on the sulfate convection zone in hydraulic concrete

This study centers on investigating the effects of multi-ion electrical coupling on sulfate profiles in the convection zone of hydraulic concrete under drying-wetting cycles. Considering the moisture ingress triggered by capillary negative pressure and electrical potential gradients generated due to the varying speeds of the charged solutes, a coupled numerical model framework for moisture and multi-component ions transport is established. The influence of drying and rewetting conditioning regimes, electrochemical coupling between multi-species ions, sulfate adsorption-binding mechanism, fly ash replacement and porosity of concrete on moisture and multi-ion transport behavior is numerically analyzed. Our findings reveal that more than 60 % of the sulfate ions that penetrate the concrete matrix engage in chemical reactions. After 30 cycles, the sulfate ion content differs by approximately 21 % depending on the presence of the electrical coupling effect. Moreover, the electrostatic potential in the pore solution fluctuates sharply in the ion-rich area near the concrete surface, interacting with ion distribution in the convection zone. The knowledge gleaned from this investigation offers a robust framework for the design of concrete structures that need to withstand challenging aqueous environmental conditions marked by multi-component ions and cyclic drying-wetting processes.

Biomolecular condensates regulate cellular electrochemical equilibria

Control of the electrochemical environment in living cells is typically attributed to ion channels. Here, we show that the formation of biomolecular condensates can modulate the electrochemical environment in bacterial cells, which affects cellular processes globally. Condensate formation generates an electric potential gradient, which directly affects the electrochemical properties of a cell, including cytoplasmic pH and membrane potential. Condensate formation also amplifies cell-cell variability of their electrochemical properties due to passive environmental effect. The modulation of the electrochemical equilibria further controls cell-environment interactions, thus directly influencing bacterial survival under antibiotic stress. The condensate-mediated shift in intracellular electrochemical equilibria drives a change of the global gene expression profile. Our work reveals the biochemical functions of condensates, which extend beyond the functions of biomolecules driving and participating in condensate formation, and uncovers a role of condensates in regulating global cellular physiology.

Dual-Vacancy-Engineered ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Harnessing Low-Frequency Vibration Induced Piezoelectric Polarization Coupled with Static Dipole Field to Enhance Photocatalytic H2 Evolution.

This study investigates the impact of In- and S-vacancy concentrations on the photocatalytic activity of non-centrosymmetric zinc indium sulfide (ZIS) nanosheets for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A positive correlation between the concentrations of dual In and S vacancies and the photocatalytic HER rate over ZIS nanosheets is observed. The piezoelectric polarization, stimulated by low-frequency vortex vibration to ensure the well-dispersion of ZIS nanosheets in solution, plays a crucial role in enhancing photocatalytic HER over the dual-vacancy engineered ZIS nanosheets. The piezoelectric characteristic of the defective ZIS nanosheets is confirmed through the piezopotential response measured using piezoelectric force microscopy. Piezophotocatalytic H2 evolution over the ZIS nanosheets is boosted under accelerated vortex vibrations. The research explores how vacancies alter ZIS's dipole moment and piezoelectric properties, thereby increasing electric potential gradient and improving charge-separation efficiency, through multi-scale simulations, including Density Functional Theory and Finite Element Analysis, and a machine-learning interatomic potential for defect identification. Increased In and S vacancies lead to higher electric potential gradients in ZIS along [100] and [010] directions, attributing to dipole moment and the piezoelectric effect. This research provides a comprehensive exploration of vacancy engineering in ZIS nanosheets, leveraging the piezopotential and dipole field to enhance photocatalytic performances.

Cell migration dynamics explained by the coupling of mechanics with electrochemistry and pH regulation

Anisotropic environmental signals or polarized membrane ion/solute carriers can generate spatially varying intracellular gradients, leading to polarized cell dynamics. For example, the directional migration of neutrophils, galvanotaxis of glioblastoma, and water flux in kidney cells all result from the polarized distribution of membrane ion carriers and other intracellular components. The underlying physical mechanisms behind how polarized ion carriers interact with environmental signals are not well studied. Here, we use a physiology-relevant, physics-based mathematical model to reveal how ion carriers generate intracellular ion and voltage gradients. The model can discern the contribution of individual ion carriers to the intracellular pH gradient, electric potential, and water flux. We discover that an extracellular pH gradient leads to an intracellular pH gradient via chloride-bicarbonate exchangers, whereas an extracellular electric field leads to an intracellular electric potential gradient via passive potassium channels. In addition, mechanical-biochemical coupling can modulate actin distribution and flow, creating a biphasic dependence of cell speed on water flux. Moreover, we find that F-actin interaction with NHE alone can generate cell movement, even when other ion carriers are not polarized. Taken together, the model highlights the importance of cell ion dynamics in modulating cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Analytical model for electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil

Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is an effective approach to eliminate heavy metal contaminants from soil and pore water. However, only a few studies have been conducted on related analytical theory because of the complexity of transport processes and the lack of effective calculation methods. In this study, a novel analytical model is proposed to investigate the one-dimensional transport of heavy metal ions (HMIs), encompassing electro-osmosis, electro-migration, hydraulic osmosis, diffusion, adsorption, and thermal diffusion. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to study the effects of key parameters on the transport process. Several important insights are gained, e.g., an increase in the Soret coefficient accelerates the migration of HMIs. Meanwhile, an increase in both the electric potential gradient and the hydraulic gradient is beneficial for the remediation of contaminated soil, although the effect of the electric potential gradient is more significant.

Continuous dependence in thermopiezoelectricity of nonsimple materials

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the linear theory for a model of a thermopiezoelectric nonsimple body as presented in Passarella and Tibullo (Entropy, https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091229. 2022) in which the second displacement gradient and the second electric potential gradient are included in the set of independent constitutive variables, adopting an entropy production inequality model proposed by Green and Laws. We set a mixed initial-boundary value problem and starting from two solutions we establish a reciprocity relation for the general case, which extends the analogue in Ciarletta et al. (Mech Res Commun, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2022.103969, 2022), and two continuous dependence theorems for centrosymmetric materials. Both theorems consider the difference of two solutions of the problem: the first one depends only from supply terms, which are the external body forces, electric charge density and heat supply and the second one only depends from initial data for displacement, velocity, relative temperature and entropy fields. All these data, together with the boundary conditions, are assigned.

A comparative modeling study of the mitochondrial function of the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb cells in the rat kidney.

To reabsorb >99% of the glomerular filtrate, the metabolic demand of the kidney is high. Interestingly, renal blood flow distribution exhibits marked inhomogeneity, with typical tissue oxygen tension (Po2) of 50-60 mmHg in the well-perfused cortex and 10-20 mmHg in the inner medulla. Cellular fluid composition and acidity also varies substantially. To understand how different renal epithelial cells adapt to their local environment, we have developed and applied computational models of mitochondrial function of proximal convoluted tubule cell (baseline Po2 = 50 mmHg, cytoplasmic pH = 7.20) and medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) cell (baseline Po2 = 10 mmHg, cytoplasmic pH = 6.85). The models predict key cellular quantities, including ATP generation, P/O (phosphate/oxygen) ratio, proton motive force, electrical potential gradient, oxygen consumption, the redox state of key electron carriers, and ATP consumption. Model simulations predict that close to their respective baseline conditions, the proximal tubule and mTAL mitochondria exhibit qualitatively similar behaviors. Nonetheless, because the mTAL mitochondrion has adapted to a much lower Po2, it can sustain a sufficiently high ATP production at Po2 as low as 4-5 mmHg, whereas the proximal tubule mitochondria would not. Also, because the mTAL cytosol is already acidic under baseline conditions, the proton motive force (pmf) exhibits higher sensitivity to further acidification. Among the different pathways that lead to oxidative phosphorylation impairment, the models predict that both the proximal tubule and mTAL mitochondria are most sensitive to reductions in Complex III activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue fluid composition varies substantially within the mammalian kidney. The renal cortex is well perfused and pH neutral, whereas some medullary regions are hypoxic and acidic. How do these environments affect the mitochondrial function of proximal convoluted tubule and medullary thick ascending limb cells, which reside in the cortex and medulla, respectively? This computational modeling study demonstrates that these mitochondria can adapt to their contrasting environments and exhibit different sensitivities to perturbations to local environments.

Peristaltic rheology and thermal analysis of SWCNT-MWCNT/H2O hybrid nanofluid in a complex microchannel under electroosmotic effects

The primary goal of this research is to investigate the rheology and heat transport of a hybrid nanofluid in an asymmetric microchannel in the presence of an electric field. The mobility of hybrid fluid is caused by peristaltic waves that contract and relax sinusoidally along the channel length. The rheological equations system is simplified by introducing relevant similarity variables, which are then solved using the integration approach. In this study, convective boundary conditions are applied. The electric potential function, velocity profile, pressure gradient, stream function, and temperature profile are all mathematically expressed. The current study’s findings are based on three physiological estimates: first is known as the creeping phenomenon, second as the greater wavelength condition, and third as the Debye–Hückel linearization (DHL). Using two different nanoparticles (SWCNT-MWCNT), the peristaltic mechanism is used to model water-based nanofluids. The three-dimensional graphs of rheological features are generated using Mathematica Software to elaborate the influences of relevant parameters on the rheological characteristics. By enhancing both the Biot number and the heat source/sink parameter in the hybrid fluid, the magnitudes of the temperature profile and the Nusselt number are higher than in the [Formula: see text] nanofluids. The magnitude of velocity profile is enhanced by increasing the Buoyancy forces and slip velocity. The results of simple fluid are obtained in the absence of concentration parameter. To boost the pumping phenomena, the special nature of peristaltic waves is used. The comparative study of nanofluid and hybrid fluid is also addressed. Three-dimensional graphs are plotted to clearly observe the influence of rheological parameters on flow features.

Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generator with Hygroscopic Materials: A Review and New Perspective.

The global energy crisis caused by the overconsumption of nonrenewable fuels has prompted researchers to develop alternative strategies for producing electrical energy. In this review, a fascinating strategy that simply utilizes water, an abundant natural substance throughout the globe and even in air as moisture, as a power source is introduced. The concept of the hydrovoltaic electricity generator (HEG) proposed herein involves generating an electrical potential gradient by exposing the two ends of the HEG device to dissimilar physicochemical environments, which leads to the production of an electrical current through the active material. HEGs, with a large variety of viable active materials, have much potential for expansion toward diverse applications including permanent and/or emergency power sources. In this review, representative HEGs that generate electricity by the mechanisms of diffusion, streaming, and capacitance as case studies for building a fundamental understanding of the electricity generation process are discussed. In particular, by comparing the use and absence of hygroscopic materials, HEG mechanism studies to establish active material design principles are meticulously elucidated. The review with future perspectives on electrode design using conducting nanomaterials, considerations for high performance device construction, and potential impacts of the HEG technology in improving the livelihoods are reviewed.

Simultaneous observations of atmospheric vertical potential gradient from coastal Antarctic stations Bharati and Maitri

Simultaneous observations of the atmospheric electric potential gradient (PG) at Bharati and Maitri stations were studied from 2014 to 2016. A new regional diurnal pattern of fair-weather PG for the coastal Antarctic region, perhaps the ubiquitous characteristics of the PG for the coastal Antarctic region, has been identified. This pattern has a significant broad minimum around noon hours. It is around this time the wind speed is also maximum. The PG data of past years of Syowa, Vostok, and Carnegie Cruise were also used in this study. The surface wind distorts the fair-weather diurnal pattern of PG over Bharati more intensely than at Maitri. The katabatic wind effect on the PG at Bharati appears to be more intense than at Maitri. The topography and katabatic winds associated with the Lambert glacier could be the reason. The observation of Bipolar Air Ion Concentration (BAIC) suggests that the wind speed significantly affects the concentration by accumulation and dispersion. The concentration is maximum when the wind speed is minimum. As the air ion concentration controls the conductivity, the PG is expected to be minimum during these hours to produce an anomalous diurnal pattern in the PG at Bharati. Data quality is improved by measuring the PG with a field monitor at the surface level instead of at an elevated position. This study provides new hope in pursuing globally representative data of the PG for further investigations on the global thunderstorm activity and the solar-terrestrial weather relationship.

Temperature-dependent dynamics of electrokinetic conservative and reactive transport in porous media: A model-based analysis

Electrokinetic techniques employ direct current electric fields to enhance the transport of amendments in low permeability porous media and have been demonstrated effective for in situ remediation of both organic contaminants and heavy metals. The application of electric potential gradients give rise to coupled chemical, hydraulic and electric fluxes, which are at the basis of the main transport mechanisms: electromigration and electroosmosis. Previous research has highlighted the significant impacts of charge interactions and fluid composition, including temperature-dependent properties such as electrolyte conductivity and density, on these transport phenomena. However, current models of electrokinetic applications often assume isothermal conditions and overlook the production of heat resulting from Joule heating.This study provides a detailed model-based investigation, systematically exploring the effects of temperature on electrokinetic conservative and reactive transport in porous media. By incorporating temperature-dependent material properties and progressively investigating the impact of temperature on each transport mechanism, we analyze the effects of temperature variations in both 1D and 2D systems. The study reveals how temperature dynamically influences the physical, chemical and electrostatic processes controlling electrokinetic transport. A temperature increase results in a higher speed of amendments delivery by both electromigration and electroosmosis and increases the kinetics of degradation reactions. The simulations also reveal a feedback mechanism in which higher aqueous conductivity results in increased Joule heating, leading to a faster temperature rise and, subsequently, to higher electrolyte conductivity. Finally, we estimate the electric energy requirements of the system at varying temperatures and show how these changes impact the rate of contaminant removal.

A Pore-Scale Model for Electrokinetic In situ Recovery of Copper: The Influence of Mineral Occurrence, Zeta Potential, and Electric Potential

Electrokinetic in-situ recovery is an alternative to conventional mining, relying on the application of an electric potential to enhance the subsurface flow of ions. Understanding the pore-scale flow and ion transport under electric potential is essential for petrophysical properties estimation and flow behavior characterization. The governing physics of electrokinetic transport is electromigration and electroosmotic flow, which depend on the electric potential gradient, mineral occurrence, domain morphology (tortuosity and porosity, grain size and distribution, etc.), and electrolyte properties (local pH distribution and lixiviant type and concentration, etc.). Herein, mineral occurrence and its associated zeta potential are investigated for EK transport. The new Ek model which is designed to solve the EK flow in complex porous media in a highly parallelizable manner includes three coupled equations: (1) Poisson equation, (2) Nernst–Planck equation, and (3) Navier–Stokes equation. These equations were solved using the lattice Boltzmann method within X-ray computed microtomography images. The proposed model is validated against COMSOL multiphysics in a two-dimensional microchannel in terms of fluid flow behavior when the electrical double layer is both resolvable and unresolvable. A more complex chalcopyrite-silica system is then obtained by micro-CT scanning to evaluate the model performance. The effects of mineral occurrence, zeta potential, and electric potential on the three-dimensional chalcopyrite-silica system were evaluated. Although the positive zeta potential of chalcopyrite can induce a flow of ferric ion counter to the direction of electromigration, the net effect is dependent on the occurrence of chalcopyrite. However, the ion flux induced by electromigration was the dominant transport mechanism, whereas advection induced by electroosmosis made a lower contribution. Overall, a pore-scale EK model is proposed for direct simulation on pore-scale images. The proposed model can be coupled with other geochemical models for full physicochemical transport simulations. Meanwhile, electrokinetic transport shows promise as a human-controllable technique because the electromigration of ions and the applied electric potential can be easily controlled externally.Graphical abstract

Integral equation method for the 1D steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations

An integral equation method is presented for the 1D steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations modeling ion transport through membrane channels. The differential equations are recast as integral equations using Green’s 3rd identity yielding a fixed-point problem for the electric potential gradient and ion concentrations. The integrals are discretized by a combination of midpoint and trapezoid rules, and the resulting algebraic equations are solved by Gummel iteration. Numerical tests for electroneutral and non-electroneutral systems demonstrate the method’s 2nd order accuracy and ability to resolve sharp boundary layers. The method is applied to a 1D model of the K^+ ion channel with a fixed charge density that ensures cation selectivity. In these tests, the proposed integral equation method yields potential and concentration profiles in good agreement with published results.

Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of α-terpineol against foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of α-terpineol against common foodborne pathogenic bacteria by agar well diffusion, broth microdilution, and colony counting assay. Propulsive research was conducted to reveal the antibacterial mechanisms, including morphology, infrared spectroscopy, membrane fluidity, membrane permeability, proton motive force, and oxidative phosphorylation. Results indicated that the antibacterial activity of α-terpineol decreased in the following order: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. With an initial cell count of 8 log CFU/mL, α-terpineol at 0.8% (v/v) reduced E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus by approximately 5.6 and 3.9 log CFU/mL within 1 h, respectively. Remarkable destruction in cell envelopes and intracellular organizations was observed. The hydroxyl of α-terpineol might form glycosidic bonds with carbohydrates and hydrogen bonds with PO2- and COO- via infrared spectroscopy analysis. Generalized polarization of Laurdan revealed that the polar head groups of phospholipids transformed into close packed. The anisotropy variations of trimethyl amino-diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) and DPH suggested membrane fluidity decreased. The N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine intake assay indicated that α-terpineol impairedthe cell wall. Propidium iodide staining was indicative of damaged plasma membranes. Electron transport in the cytoplasmic membrane was impaired, inducing reactive oxygen species accumulation. Both membrane electrical potential and membrane pH gradient collapsed. The disruption of proton motive force and the leakage of ATP resulted in a deficit of intracellular ATP. Our research revealed the interaction between the hydroxyl group of α-terpineol and bacteria affects membrane function contributing to the bacteria's death. KEY POINTS: • α-Terpineol hydroxy formed glycosidic bonds and hydrogen bonds with bacteria • α-Terpineol increased the membrane gelation and reduced the membrane fluidity • Proton motive force and oxidative phosphorylation were impaired.

Micromotors with Spontaneous Multipattern Motion and Microvortex for Enhanced “On‐the‐Fly” Molecule Enrichment

“On‐the‐fly” molecule enrichment by micro/nanomotors obviously improves heterogeneous catalysis, trace detection, and environmental monitoring, yet faces challenges of the trade‐off between collection range and interaction time. Inspired by the versatile foraging process of predators, this work demonstrates that micromotors doing spontaneous multipattern motion with microvortex can greatly enhance “on‐the‐fly” enrichment, demonstrated by highly sensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering detection. It leverages an axis‐asymmetric bowl‐shaped structure and the nonlinear Ag–AgCl reaction, realizing alternating low‐velocity swinging forward and accelerated steering motions for prolonged interaction and large work area. Moreover, the bowl‐shaped microstructure bestows a micro‐vortex above the Ag side due to the competition of electric potential and pressure gradient, also extending interaction time during the acceleration. Consequently, it exhibits at least an order of magnitude larger enhancement of detection signals than the counterparts. This proof‐of‐concept study highlights the significance of motion mode and structure design in guiding flow field, offering substantial benefits for applications.

Electrohydrodynamic Couette–Poiseuille Flow Instability of Two Viscous Conducting and Dielectric Fluid Layers Streaming through Brinkman Porous Medium

The electrohydrodynamic plane Couette–Poiseuille flow instability of two superposed conducting and dielectric viscous incompressible fluids confined between two rigid horizontal planes under the action of a normal electric field and pressure gradient through Brinkman porous medium has been analytically investigated. The lower plane is stationary, while the upper one is moving with constant velocity. The details of the base state mathematical model and the linearized model equations for the perturbed state are introduced. Following the usual procedure of linear stability analysis for viscous fluids, we derived two non-dimensional modified Orr–Sommerfeld equations and obtained the associated boundary and interfacial conditions suitable for the problem. The eigenvalue problem has been solved using asymptotic analysis for wave numbers in the long-wavelength limit to obtain a very complicated novel dispersion relation for the wave velocity through lengthy calculations. The obtained dispersion equation has been solved using Mathematica software v12.1 to study graphically the effects of various parameters on the stability of the system. It is obvious from the figures that the system in the absence of a porous medium and/or electric field is more unstable than in their presence. It is found also that the velocity of the upper rigid boundary, medium permeability, and Reynolds number have dual roles on the stability on the system, stabilizing as well as destabilizing depending on the viscosity ratio value. The electric potential, dielectric constant and pressure gradient are found to have destabilizing influences on the system, while the porosity of the porous medium, density ratio and Froude number have stabilizing influences. A depth ratio of less than one has a dual role on the stability of the system, while it has a stabilizing influence for values greater than one. It is observed that the viscosity stratification brings about a stabilizing as well as a destabilizing effect on the flow system.

Modeling control and transduction of electrochemical gradients in acid-stressed bacteria

Transmembrane electrochemical gradients drive solute uptake and constitute a substantial fraction of the cellular energy pool in bacteria. These gradients act not only as "homeostatic contributors," but also play a dynamic and keystone role in several bacterial functions, including sensing, stress response, and metabolism. At the system level, multiple gradients interact with ion transporters and bacterial behavior in a complex, rapid, and emergent manner; consequently, experiments alone cannot untangle their interdependencies. Electrochemical gradient modeling provides a general framework to understand these interactions and their underlying mechanisms. We quantify the generation, maintenance, and interactions of electrical, proton, and potassium potential gradients under lactic acid-stress and lactic acid fermentation. Further, we elucidate a gradient-mediated mechanism for intracellular pH sensing and stress response. We demonstrate that this gradient model can yield insights on the energetic limitations of membrane transport, and can predict bacterial behavior across changing environments.

Interface of biomolecular condensates modulates redox reactions

Biomolecular condensates mediate diverse cellular processes. The density transition process of condensate formation results in selective partitioning of molecules, which define a distinct chemical environment within the condensates. However, the fundamental features of the chemical environment and the mechanisms by which such environment can contribute to condensate functions have not been revealed. Here, we report that an electric potential gradient, thereby an electric field, is established at the liquid-liquid interface between the condensate and the bulk environment due to the density transition of ions and molecules brought about by phase separation. We find that the interface of condensates can drive spontaneous redox reactions in vitro and in living cells. Our results uncover a fundamental physicochemical property of the interface of condensates and the mechanism by which the interface can modulate biochemical activities.

Using Electric Field to Improve the Effect of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation

The precipitation of calcium carbonate induced by Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) has garnered considerable attention as a novel rock and soil reinforcement technique. The content and structure of calcium carbonate produced through this reaction play a crucial role in determining the rocks’ and soil’s reinforcement effects in the later stages. Different potential gradients were introduced during the bacterial culture process to enhance the performance of the cementation and mineralization reactions of the bacterial solution to investigate the effects of electrification on the physical and chemical characteristics, such as the growth and reproduction of S. pasteurii. The results demonstrate that the concentration, activity, and number of viable bacteria of S. pasteurii were substantially enhanced under an electric field, particularly the weak electric field generated by 0.5 V/cm. The increased number of bacteria provides more nucleation sites for calcium carbonate deposition. Moreover, as the urease activity increased, the calcium carbonate content generated under an electric potential gradient of 0.5 V/cm surpassed that of other potential gradient groups. The growth rate increased by 9.78% compared to the calcium carbonate induced without electrification. Significantly, the suitable electric field enhances the crystal morphology of calcium carbonate and augments its quantity, thereby offering a novel approach for utilizing MICP in enhancing soil strength, controlling water pollution, and mitigating seepage. These findings elevate the applicability of microbial mineralization in engineering practices.