Electrical Parts Research Articles

Electrical and mechanical characterization of the gas diffusion layer during compression in PEM fuel cells

In this paper, the electrical and mechanical behavior of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is characterized under compressive deformation in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell by developing an efficient analytical model. For the first time, in the electrical part of this model, the equivalent resistance circuit of the GDL is constructed by considering the resistance of the contacts between fibers. The variation of the contact resistance with normal stress is determined and applied to the resistance circuit model to calculate the variation of the GDL bulk electrical resistance during its compressive deformation. In the mechanical part, the deformation of carbon fibers in the GDL microstructure is captured by Timoshenko beam theory to determine the compressive stress-strain curve of the GDL. In both mechanical and electrical parts, the number of contacts between fibers is updated under compression by introducing an innovative procedure. The mechanical part of the model has been also implemented in the Abaqus/Explicit software by adopting Timoshenko beam elements for meshing the fibers. The obtained stress-strain and electrical resistance-stress curves of different GDLs have been compared with experimental data to verify the model. This model can be effectively used to improve the design and performance of PEM fuel cells.

Optical Modelling of a Fresnel Mirror Field for the Development of a Spectral Splitting CPVT Collector

Concentrating photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) collectors could contribute to supply renewable mid-temperature heat and electricity simultaneously, e.g. for applications in the industrial sector. Although CPVT can be still seen as a niche technology, it has a high potential for the future. One of the technological challenges of CPVT are the contradictory temperature requirements within the receiver, as the thermal part should provide temperatures as high as possible, while the electrical part consisting of conventional PV cells shows best efficiency at low temperature. Therefore, this research work focuses on the development of a CPVT collector with integrated Spectral Splitting, which is an approach to overcome the discrepancy of internal temperature demands. The basis for the developed CPVT collector is a Fresnel mirror field consisting of 28 mirror stripes and providing a gross area of 13.34 m². The presented paper describes the optical modelling of this Fresnel mirror field, which was necessary before working on the receiver design in order to yield the dimensions of expected focus image on the receiver input plane. Furthermore, the resulting concentrated irradiance is a major parameter for calculating thermal and electrical efficiencies of the system, thus, this was another target for the modelling work. The optical model for the Fresnel mirror field was developed in MATLAB™ in a general way, as the number of mirrors and all geometric parameters are set as input variables. This makes it possible to use it not only for the available mirror field, but also for the design and optimisation of any other Fresnel mirror system. The model calculates the single mirror angles depending on the sun position and considers all four mechanisms of internal shading that are typical for such concentrators. Furthermore, the cosine losses in transversal and longitudinal direction are calculated. The results of the modelling are satisfying, as the experimental validation on the present mirror field was successful. The model provides comprehensive outcomes like the geometric efficiency depending on the sun´s elevation angle, the mean geometric efficiency at varying geometric parameters, local and mean irradiance in the receiver input plane, as well as mean irradiance and total solar input depending on time.

Sistem Kendali Upper Cylinder Berbasis Programmable Logic Control pada Area Section Mill di PT. Krakatau Baja Kontruksi

The smooth production process is one of the factors supporting the success of a manufacturing industry in producing quality products, timely completion of manufacture and low production costs. Industrial machines are an important factor in a manufacturing industry besides reliable human resources (HR) and other supporting facilities, so that industrial machines require special attention that is carried out on an ongoing basis in order to support the smooth operation of an industry. Practical work at PT. Krakatau Steel Construction is carried out in the Maintenance division, especially the electrical parts. In practice, the authors conducted field research by participating directly in the process of caring for and maintaining each machine instrument used by the company, especially field research that discussed the upper cylinder control system based on programmable logic control in the section mill area at PT. Krakatau Steel Construction. . In this study using field research techniques where the author conducted field research by participating directly in the process of caring for and maintaining each machine instrument used by the company accompanied by industrial supervisors and maintenance division employees for 1 month.

Power Transmission and Control in Microturbines’ Electronics: A Review

When the shaft rotates in microturbines, the rotational movement is converted to electrical power. This is achieved through a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) housed on the shaft and the power electronics components. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, articles that comprehensively describe the power transmission and control in the electrical part of microturbines have yet to be introduced, namely, the PMSM and power electronics. This review paper presents a detailed review of power conversion in each component of the electrical part of microturbines. The paper also reviews the existing literature on microturbines’ electrical performance, noting areas where progress has already been made as well as those where more research is still needed. Furthermore, the paper explains the control system in the electrical part of microturbines, outlining the grid synchronisation control approach for grid-connected microturbines and reviews the possibility of employing control strategies that engage the PMSM and power electronics as controllers for certain variables in microturbines, such as the shaft rotational speed and torque. Such control methods are more crucial in externally fired microturbines since traditional control strategies used in internally fired microturbines, such as thermal input regulation, are no longer an option in externally fired microturbines for controlling the shaft speed. The significance of higher switching frequencies in power electronics is also discussed. The higher switching frequency, the faster response to load variations and, therefore, the more reliable the control system. A greater switching frequency allows for reduced power loss, cost, and unit size. In this context, it is recommended in this review paper that future research consider using silicon carbide switching devices rather than silicon ones, which is the current practice, to build up the microturbines converters’ topology. The recommendation was motivated by looking at the existing literature that compares the switching frequency, size, cost, thermal endurance, and power losses of silicon and silicon carbide components in applications other than microturbines since initiatives of using silicon carbide in microturbine power electronics have not been reported in the literature, as far as the authors are aware. The electrical components of microturbines account for a third of the entire size and cost of the unit. This means that reducing the size and cost of the electronics contributes effectively to reducing the total size and cost. In applications other than microturbines, silicon carbide exhibited promising results compared to silicon in terms of size and long-term cost. Investigating silicon carbide in microturbines is worthwhile to see if it provides such promising benefits to the microturbine unit.

Diagnostics of power transformers electrical parts using machine learning methods

Diagnostics of power transformers electrical parts using machine learning methods

Pre- and postnatal developmental exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture aroclor 1221 alters female rat pituitary gonadotropins and estrogen receptor alpha levels

Polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial compounds, which were widely used in manufacturing of electrical parts and transformers. Despite being banned in 1979 due to human health concerns, they persist in the environment. In humans and experimental model systems, PCBs elicit toxicity in part by acting as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Aroclor 1221 (A1221) is a weakly estrogenic PCB mixture known to alter reproductive function in rodents. EDCs can impact hormone signaling at any level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and we investigated the effects of A1221 exposure during the prenatal and postnatal developmental periods on pituitary hormone and steroid receptor expression in female rats. Examining offspring at 3 ages, postnatal day 8 (P8), P32 and P60, we found that prenatal exposure to A1221 increased P8 neonate pituitary luteinizing hormone beta (Lhb) mRNA and LHβ gonadotrope cell number while decreasing LH serum hormone concentration. No changes in pituitary hormone or hormone receptor gene expression were observed peri-puberty at P32. In reproductively mature rats at P60, we found pituitary follicle stimulating hormone beta (Fshb) mRNA levels increased by prenatal A1221 exposure with no corresponding alterations in FSH hormone or FSHβ expressing cell number. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mRNA and protein levels were also increased at P60, but only following postnatal A1221 dosing. Together, these data illustrate that exposure to the PCB A1221, during critical developmental windows, alters pituitary gonadotropin hormone subunits and ERα levels in offspring at different phases of maturation, potentially impacting reproductive function in concert with other components of the HPG axis.

Technical Analysis of the Large Capacity Grid-Connected Floating Photovoltaic System on the Hydropower Reservoir

Among the energy targets of the Vietnamese government, solar energy is expected to become the main source of renewable energy in the future. Solar energy is moving forward, with Vietnam outstripping Thailand and becoming the country that installed the largest capacity of solar power generation in Southeast Asia, reaching 16,362 MW in new installations in December 2021. In this study, we have experimentally analyzed and designed a capacity of 47.5 MW grid-connected photovoltaic plant mounted on the floatation system at Da Mi hydropower reservoir in Binh Thuan province. This was selected to be utilized as the first effort to develop the first large-capacity floating solar power plant on a hydroelectric reservoir in Vietnam. A detailed examination of the electrical analysis, including DC to DC converters, AC inverters to the transmission network, and PV module connectivity configurations, are in scope. The present research has the potential to make a contribution to the design of the DC electrical part, the AC electrical part, and the layout PV modules—Inverter—Floatation system—Floating bridge of FPV plants which are less described in the former articles. The performance of the plant after the first 2 years of operation has confirmed that it has met the expectations and exceeded the investor’s target, with the power output of the first 2 years being higher than the design by 102.58% to 105.59% and no serious damage has occurred to the equipment from 1 June 2019 to 31 August 2021.

USE OF THE THEORY OF FINITE AUTOMATA FOR SUPERVISION OF THE OPERATION OF THE COMPRESSOR UNIT

The purpose of the publication is to develop a methodology for presenting the unit "6 kV compressor-synchronous electric motor" in the form of a finite state machine.
 It is hypothesized that the behavior of the compressor unit can be associated with the behavior of an abstract deterministic finite state machine.
 The theory of finite state machines and graphs is applied to analyze the operation of a compressor installation using the example of a compressor of a large-tonnage shop for the production of ammonia. It is shown that the theory of finite state machines allows combining all possible modes of operation and shutdown of compressor units. Coding of reasons for compressor shutdown due to problems in the electrical or mechanical parts of the compressor unit is proposed. A diagram of state transitions has been developed for it. Such a diagram can be useful for compiling a concise description and understanding of the operation of a compressor unit, advanced training of technological personnel during industrial training, for emergency training, etc. 
 A graphical analysis of the obtained diagram was carried out. The optimal (most perceived in terms of energy efficiency) route of the graph is determined.
 The proposed form of abbreviated recording of the compressor operation cycle and the electronic mileage log, which allows you to calculate the remaining resource of the compressor installation and the compressor operation time.
 The implemented methods make it possible to identify bottlenecks in the complex electrical and technological equipment of industrial enterprises.

Researching Electronic System of the SC-920 Control Circuit of the DDL-8700-7 Single Needle Sewing Machine and Application

The DDL-8700-7 is a single-needle electronic sewing machine that uses a servo motor to drive the main shaft. This sewing machine has advantages such as being noiseless, energy saving, automatic thread trimming, reverse feed, wiper, and lifting of the needle bar to the highest position when the machine stops... The paper presents the research results of the relationship between the mechanical, electrical, and electronic parts of the SC-920 control circuit in the DDL-8700-7 single-needle sewing machine; analyzing the operating principle of the SC-920 control circuit electronic system according to each control block. In this study, theoretical and experimental research methods were used to measure, test, and evaluate the parameters. The obtained theoretical and experimental research results contribute to building a theoretical scientific basis for making test methods and repairing circuits for some electrical and electronic errors in the error code list of SC-920, helping the repairer identify defects for repair and replacement

Optimization of response function on hydromagnetic buoyancy-driven rotating flow considering particle diameter and interfacial layer effects: Homotopy and sensitivity analysis

Alumina is one of the modern era and most utilized ceramic materials. One example of an electrical insulating substance is alumina. It has an enhanced temperature, chemical stability and higher thermal conductivity. It is mostly used in medical, industry, household items, military purposes, production of batteries and electrical parts. Therefore, the authors have formulated a mathematical model of the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective flow of a nanofluid containing Alumina nanoparticles past a stretching surface. Preliminary assumptions bound the nanofluid flow to be rotational, electrically conducting, dissipative, buoyancy driven, thermally heated and convective. An important investigation based on the effects of nanoparticle diameter and nanolayer of the nanofluid makes the novelty of this investigation. The modeled problem is solved with a homotopic approach, which is suitable for the solution of the highly nonlinear differential equations and has quick convergence. The outcomes of the present analysis are shown with the help of Tables and Figures. The outcomes showed that the higher resistive force at the sheet surface caused by the higher solid volume fraction (varies from 1% to 4%), diminishes the primary velocity, while escalates the secondary velocity. Additionally, the greater solid volume fraction (which ranges from 1% to 4%) raises the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid flow, resulting in an increasing conduct in the thermal function. The enhancing nanolayer to base fluid conductivity ratio (which ranges from 1.1 to 65.25), results in an increase in both velocities and thermal functions, gives the nanofluid flow a higher thermal conductivity. Additionally, the local Nusselt number and skin friction increase as a result of the higher thermal conductivity. The primary velocity and temperature are reduced due to the decrease in thermal and momentum boundary layer thicknesses brought on by the rising nanoparticle diameter (which ranges from 1 nm to 50 nm). The rate of heat transfer is significantly achieved at the higher levels of the volume fraction and radiation factor while heat source is at lower level. The friction rate at the surface is dominant at higher level values of magnetic and volume fraction factor and medium level of rotation factor. The transport of heat has highest sentivity at the middle level of thermla radaition and volume fraction of the nanoparticle and low level of heat source, while the highest sensitivity of friction factor is observed at the middle level of thermal rotation and high level nanoparticle volume fraction and magnetic factor.

Faults detection, location, and classification of the elements in the power system using intelligent algorithm

This study proposes an intelligent protection relay design that uses artificial neural networks to secure electrical parts in power infrastructure from different faults. Electrical transformer and transmission lines are protected using intelligent differential and distance relay, respectively. Faults are categorized, and their locations are pinpointed using three-phase current values and zero-current characteristics to differentiate between non-earth and ground faults. The optimal aspects of the artificial neural network were chosen for optimal results with the least possible error. Levenberg-Marquardt was established as the ideal training technique for the suggested system comprising the differential relay. Levenberg-Marquardt was the optimal training technique for the proposed framework consisting of the differential relay. Fault detection and categorization were performed using 20 and 50 hidden layers, and the corresponding error rates were 9.9873e-3 and 1.1953e-29. In the context of fault detection by the distance relay, the hidden layer neuron counts were 400, 250, and 300 for fault detection, categorization, and location; training error rates were 7.8761e-2, 1.2063e-6, and 1.1616e-26, respectively.

The Integration of Field Effect Transistors to Microfluidic Devices

Devices that integrate field effect transistors into microfluidic channels are becoming increasingly promising in the medical, environmental, and food realms, among other applications. The uniqueness of this type of sensor lies in its ability to reduce the background signals existing in the measurements, which interfere in obtaining good limits of detection for the target analyte. This and other advantages intensify the development of selective new sensors and biosensors with coupling configuration. This review work focused on the main advances in the fabrication and application of field effect transistors integrated into microfluidic devices as a way of identifying the potentialities that exist in these systems when used in chemical and biochemical analyses. The emergence of research on integrated sensors is not a recent study, although more recently the progress of these devices is more accentuated. Among the studies that used integrated sensors with electrical and microfluidic parts, those that investigated protein binding interactions seem to be the ones that expanded the most due, among other things, to the possibility of obtaining several physicochemical parameters involved in protein–protein interactions. Studies in this area have a great possibility of advancing innovations in sensors with electrical and microfluidic interfaces in new designs and applications.

A Study on Electric Potential and Electric Field Distribution for Optimal Design of Lightning Rod Using Finite Element Method

In this paper, we present an electric field analysis for the optimal structural design of lightning rods for high performance with a charge transfer system (CTS). In the case of a conventional rod that is produced with an empirical design and structure without quantitative data because the design is structurally very simple, only the materials and radius of curvature of the lightning rod to concentrate the electric field at the tip part of the rod are considered. Recently, the development of new types of lightning rods, such as early streamer emission (ESE) and charge transfer system (CTS), has been introduced through simulation analysis and experiments, but detailed specifications and information about the optimal design and structure have not been fully reported. In this paper, we performed an electric field analysis of the structures and materials for the optimal structural design of lightning rods with a function of CTS through computer software analysis with consideration for the radius of curvature, the size of corona ring, and optimal position (X-axis and Y-axis) of the floating electrode. For optimal structural design of lightning rods based on electric field analysis, we used a source of lightning voltage with 1.2/50 µs based on a double exponential equation. The results revealed that the electric field on the relaxation part decreases as the radius of curvature and corona ring increases. For the radius of curvature, the electric field first decreases and then increases with increasing radius of curvature and reaches a minimum at 7 mm and a maximum above 8 mm. For the case of the corona ring, the electric field decreases with increasing corona ring, and the optimal size of the corona ring was selected as 4 mm; the size of the 4 mm corona ring uniformly formed the electric field both at the tip part of the ground current collector and the corona ring. For the electric field concentration part, we found that the optimal X-axis position of the floating electrode and the Y-axis position between the ionizer conductor and floating electrode are 7 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. These simulation results in this paper are expected to provide useful information for the design of optimized CTS-type lightning rods.

ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY MODES OF TRACTION INDUCTION ELECTRIC DRIVE

The operation process of the traction asynchronous electric drive of the rolling stock may be accompanied by the occurrence of emergency modes, which are characterized by current overloads and may lead to damaging power electric circuits or mechanical part of the electric drive. Therefore, studying electromagnetic processes that occur in emergency modes of operation is relevant, in particular, for developing systems aimed at diagnosing and protecting traction equipment. Ukrainian and foreign studies of emergency modes in an asynchronous electric drive were analyzed. The most frequent causes of emergency modes are failures in static converters, therefore it is advisable to conduct an analysis of electromagnetic processes specifically in autonomous inverters. Using Matlab/Simulink software environment a simulation model of the vector control system of the traction asynchronous electric drive with spatial vector pulse width modulation was developed, and the short-circuit modes of the power switch of the autonomous voltage inverter and the disappearance of the supply voltage were simulated. The oscillograms of electromagnetic processes in these modes were shown and compared with the nominal mode of operation. The simulation results show that the analyzed emergency modes, even with a short duration of less than 0.5 s, can lead to significant damage to the electric drive. Both cases lead to significant current overloads: in the case of a short circuit of the power switch, a three-fold excess of the phase current is observed, during recovery after a supply voltage failure, the phase currents increase to the starting level, as well as an almost instantaneous increase in the supply voltage on the input filter capacitor occurs. The Fourier analysis of the phase A current in the above emergency modes shows an increase in the coefficient of nonlinear distortions by 65 %, a decrease in the amplitude of the main harmonic to 60 %, and the appearance of a significant number of subharmonics. In the case of a short circuit, the amplitudes of the subharmonics even exceed the fundamental harmonic. In addition, the process of returning from the emergency mode to normal at the first moment of time was characterized by a reduced moment of resistance (20 % of the nominal), and then by an exit to the nominal parameters.

Conduction Heat Study of Different Coil Design of Electric Iron

Electric iron pulls energy from the mains supply and heats a coil within then the heat is transferred to the bottom plate through conduction process which is placed against the wrinkled garment. The problem of existing dry iron is the heating element continues to get hotter until the power source is continuously drawn from electricity, do not heat up sufficiently, needed a continual charge from its platform every few minutes for prolonged use, cannot be heat up rapidly and fast aging problem. Hence, it is necessary to run the finite element analysis on electric iron part model. The simulation focusses on thermal analysis as it can ease the study related to the heat path and thermal design of simulated product that can be used to improve the efficiency of existing product. The 3D part models of electric iron and five different type of heating coil were designed. Rheological data and important properties of the electric irons were imported as a parameter database in the software to create the meshing on the model. The input parameters are heat power, heat flux and convection while the variable for the simulation process are design of heating coil, power supply, thickness of heating coil and material of soleplate. Based on the simulated part model, the features recommended is design coil 4 with power supply 1900W, coil thickness 0.0015m and ceramic soleplate as these variables has highest temperature and shortest steady state time.

Improvement of Braking Response Performance of Fault-Tolerant Dual Winding Motor for Integrated Brake System Using Winding Switching

Unlike the winding structure of existing three-phase single winding motors, the winding structure of the dual winding motor (DWM) contains a master part and two slave parts. Thus, when the master part fails, it can be driven using the remaining slave part. It is applicable to various electric parts driving the integrated electric brake (IEB) system; thereby securing the high reliability of vehicle parts. However, in the existing DWM, there is an overheating problem owing to the increase in current because it operates with half the motor during the faulty mode. Therefore, a compensation method for the increase in current in a faulty mode was employed by increasing the stacking length of the DWM. However, although it solves the overheating problem of the DWM in the faulty mode, the motor output performance and braking performance of the IEB system are degraded in the normal mode because of the change in the motor control parameters. Thus, in this paper, we propose a DWM with winding switching (WS) to simultaneously solve the DWM overheating problem in the faulty mode and the DWM’s performance degradation problem in the normal mode. The output performance of the DWM with an increased stack length and the previously developed base model are compared to verify the performance of the proposed DWM with WS. As a result of the comparison, unlike the DWM with an increased stack length, in which the maximum speed is reduced by 20.5% compared to the existing base model during quick braking in the normal mode, the proposed DWM with WS has no performance degradation. In other words, it is confirmed that the proposed DWM with WS effectively solves the overheating problem during faulty mode, while simultaneously solving the performance degradation problem of the IEB system during the normal mode.

On the Application of Extended Grounded Slot Electrodes to Reduce Noncirculating Bearing Currents

Power-electronic-converter-induced motor bearing currents are a widespread problem in the field of electrical drives. Parasitic capacitances between the electrical machine's parts provide a path for leakage currents, which finally harm metallic ball bearings. Remembering that end-windings have a significant contribution in building up stray capacitances, a countermeasure affecting both the lamination stack and end-winding areas is needed. This article focuses on a countermeasure against the noncirculating bearing currents in the cluster of solutions at the motor side. The electrostatic shielding approach, which is a known principle to reduce capacitive couplings, is applied in electrical machines every now and then. In this article, the principle of slot-embedded grounded electrodes is extended to cover also the end-windings. Thus, the electrodes provide a better shaft-to-ground voltage mitigating effect compared to the case where electrodes are applied only in the lamination stack area. The feasibility and effectiveness of such a countermeasure are investigated. Different options in terms of scaling of both the machine size and diameter of the electrodes were analyzed and corresponding conclusions were pointed out.

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF A 2-DOF AIRFOIL WITH APPLICATION IN ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM

This article presents the basic airfoil model with two degrees of freedom - the semi-rigid model, where its forced vibrations were considered, and the exciting force is the aerodynamic force, including its periodic changes, that is, gusts. Since the phenomenological model under study has a coupled form, its versions after decoupling are presented, which has an impact on the results of the final research. The airfoil model presented in this way was shown from the application side in the system of a simple energy harvester based on a deformable beam with piezoelectric elements. The result of the simulation tests is a preliminary analysis of the possibility of using the airfoil as a vibration generator for the energy harvesting system. Along with the application of the mechanical part, a numerical simulation of the electrical part was also implemented, related to the transformation of the voltage generated by piezoelectric elements into a constant voltage signal with a connected receiver with power consumption similar to the Atmega microcontroller with battery charging.

ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) POWER CONSUMPTION (BATTERY) ON UPHILL ROAD CONDITIONS

Electrical Vehicle (EV) has been developing since the mid-18th century and reached its peak at the end of the 18th century. Dwindling fuel reserves and environmental damage caused by exhaust emissions from millions of fossil-fuel vehicles are the driving factors for the development of electric cars, technological developments in the battery sector have also contributed to the development of electric cars. One of the important components in an electric car is the battery which will provide resources to the system, so determining the capacity and knowing the performance of the battery used is very important. To find out the battery performance, the model can be made using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The model built consists of electric (DC motor, control and battery) and mechanical (transmission, wheels, brakes and body) parts. Of the models made for speeds of 35, 40, and 45 kmph on level ground, the distances that can be covered are 2,292, 2,597, and 2,899 m, while the remaining battery capacity (SoC, %) is 92.93%, 91.16%, and 89.17%. This is proportional to the distance traveled which also proves that the model made is appropriate. Uphill roads affect the use of battery capacity, the greater the angle of incline, the greater the battery capacity used.

Portable TDLAS Sensor for Online Monitoring of CO2 and H2O Using a Miniaturized Multi-Pass Cell.

We designed a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensor for the online monitoring of CO2 and H2O concentrations. It comprised a small self-design multi-pass cell, home-made laser drive circuits, and a data acquisition circuit. The optical and electrical parts and the gas circuit were integrated into a portable carrying case (height = 134 mm, length = 388 mm, and width = 290 mm). A TDLAS drive module (size: 90 mm × 45 mm) was designed to realize the function of laser current and temperature control with a temperature control accuracy of ±1.4 mK and a current control accuracy of ±0.5 μA, and signal acquisition and demodulation. The weight and power consumption of the TDLAS system were only 5 kg and 10 W, respectively. Distributed feedback lasers (2004 nm and 1392 nm) were employed to target CO2 and H2O absorption lines, respectively. According to Allan analysis, the detection limits of CO2 and H2O were 0.13 ppm and 3.7 ppm at an average time of 18 s and 35 s, respectively. The system response time was approximately 10 s. Sensor performance was verified by measuring atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentrations for 240 h. Experimental results were compared with those obtained using a commercial instrument LI-7500, which uses non-dispersive infrared technology. Measurements of the developed gas analyzer were in good agreement with those of the commercial instrument, and its accuracy was comparable. Therefore, the TDLAS sensor has strong application prospects in atmospheric CO2 and H2O concentration detection and ecological soil flux monitoring.