Condition Of Electrical Equipment Research Articles

Partial Discharge Data Augmentation and Pattern Recognition Method Based on DAE-GAN

Accurate identification of partial discharge (PD) and its types is essential for assessing the operating conditions of electrical equipment. To enhance PD pattern recognition under imbalanced and limited sample conditions, a method based on a Deep Autoencoder-embedded Generative Adversarial Network (DAE-GAN) is proposed. First, the Deep Autoencoder (DAE) is embedded within the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to improve the realism of generated samples. Then, complementary PD data samples are introduced during GAN training to address the issue of limited sample size. Lastly, the model’s discriminator is fine-tuned with augmented and balanced training data to enable PD pattern recognition. The DAE-GAN method is used to augment data and recognize patterns in experimental PD signals. The results demonstrate that, under imbalanced and small sample conditions, DAE-GAN generates more authentic PD samples with improved probability distribution fitting compared to other algorithms, leading to varying levels of enhancement in pattern recognition accuracy.

SCADA Implementation on Solar Panel Electricity Consumption Monitoring and Regulation System

In an effort to motivate students and understand application of SCADA to the Solar Panel system which is one source potential non - fossil energy to be used as solution to meeting sustainable energy needs.​ Where in its operation , efficiency and reliability Solar Panel system is still a major problemthat must be overcome . Utilization of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) in management Solar Panel Systems (PLTS) have become significant solution​ to improve loading efficiency . The purpose of this research is to create a prototypes solar panel practicum as a learning media to motivate student in understanding how solar panels work and can apply the process of monitoring and regulating solar panel system with SCADA in real-time. The equipment used​ includes Solar Panels, Solar Charger Controller (SCC), Inverter, Battery , PLC Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A and CP1W AD041, ACS712 Current Sensor , ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor, DHT22 Temperature and Humidity Sensor and Light Sensor (LDR) as well as CX- Programmer software Ver. 9.5 and CX -Supervidor Ver.4.0. The method used is Research and Development method as the basic for design and manufacture of solar panel practicum tools and the application of SCADA to the monitoring system and electricity usage of solar panels . From the results of tests conducted with the application of SCADA on solar panels can monitor Voltage , Current , Power, Temperature , Light and load usage regulator electric solar panels based on electrical energy consumption, as well as the condition of electrical equipment connected to the solar panel system with an average error values : Voltage 0.084%, Current 0.155%, Power 0.107% and Temperature 45 0C and Light 658.7 Lux.

Creation of an Information and Measuring Protection System against Arc and Partial Discharges in Complete Switchgears of Substations

In the article, the author considers the development and description of the principle of operation of an information and measuring protection system against arc and partial discharges in complete switchgears of electrical substations. The data acquisition by the information and measurement system is carried out on the basis of the acoustic method, followed by analysis and decision-making on disconnecting the power supply circuits when a pre-emergency condition of electrical equipment is detected. A block diagram of an information and measurement system and a schematic diagram of an acoustic sensor are presented. The criteria characterizing the technical condition of the control panel are defined. A method of protection against arc and partial discharges by recording and processing an acoustic signal is proposed.

Thermal imaging control of electrical equipment of industrial enterprises

RELEVANCE. Thermal imaging control is used to monitor the technical condition of electrical equipment, as well as contacts and contact connections of switching devices, which allows to increase the efficiency of work.OBJECT. Timely detection of defects of contacts and contact connections of low-voltage switching devices to prevent emergencies.METHODS. Determination and control of technical condition of electrical equipment, contacts and contact connections of apparatuses in real time by means of indicators and thermal imaging control.RESULTS. The values of contact heating temperatures from material and type of contact connections were analysed. The criteria for estimation of the state of contacts of switching devices with the help of indicators of their state have been determined. The optimum values of loading coefficients of the circuit breaker in moulded case VA04 and contactors KMI and KTI are obtained. Emergency cases at the industrial object are shown, which prove the necessity of application of indicators and thermal imaging control as one of the tools of automation of technical condition control of low-voltage electrical equipment.CONCLUSIONS. The offered noncontact method of estimation and control of technical condition of electrical equipment, contacts and contact connections of devices in real time with the help of indicators and thermal imaging control allows both to receive data in real time mode and to increase inter-repair periods for power equipment and to increase reliability of operation of the whole system.

The effect of different active diluents on the properties of epoxy materials

Abstract Epoxy resin is widely used in the insulation packaging field of electrical equipment due to its advantages such as low cost, excellent insulation, and mechanical properties. However, the thermal conductivity and the heat resistance of domestic epoxy insulation packaging materials make it difficult to meet the increasingly demanding operating conditions of electrical equipment. This article investigated the effects of active diluents with different functional group numbers on the glass transition temperature, mechanical strength, and low-temperature cracking resistance of epoxy materials. Four functional group active diluents were selected as additives to reduce the viscosity of epoxy resin, and the influence of diluent content on the comprehensive performance of epoxy resin was studied and analyzed.

Electrical Ground Fault Monitoring System Utilizing Arduino and Android Application

Abstract: The increasing residential fire incidence caused by electrical ground faults worldwide challenges present and future researchers to develop a system capable of mitigating its occurrence. The absence of periodic equipment maintenance and monitoring facilities leads to potential electrical hazards to humans and properties. However, technological advances have made online electrical ground fault monitoring equipment possible. Users can now remotely gain information regarding the operational condition of electrical equipment in their homes. This paper presents the developed Electrical Ground Fault Monitoring System using Arduino with Android Application (EGFMSAAA), which can detect and transmit electrical ground fault parameters and safety precautions. This study developed a ground fault detector and a mobile application for the monitoring system.

A method for nonlinear electric-thermal coupling calculations of bushings based on unbiased gradient-free smooth domains.

High-voltage dry-type bushings, serving as the crucial junctions in DC power transmission, represent equipment with the highest failure rate on the DC primary side, underscoring the critical importance of monitoring their condition. Presently, numerical simulation methods are commonly employed to assess the internal state of bushings. However, due to limitations in the efficiency of multi-physics field computations, the guidance provided by numerical simulation results in the field of power equipment condition assessment is relatively weak. This paper focuses on solving the electrical-thermal coupling in high-voltage dry-type bushings. Addressing the most widely used tetrahedral mesh in numerical computations, we propose an efficient solution method based on the concept of "smooth domains." This method involves partitioning the volume centroids of the elements into multiple smooth domains within the computational domain. Electric and thermal conduction matrix calculations occur within these smooth domains, rather than within the grid or element interiors. This approach eliminates the need for traditional element mapping and complex volume integration. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, we use high-voltage dry-type bushings as a case study, comparing the performance of our approach with traditional finite element algorithms. We verify the algorithm's computational efficiency and apply it to the analysis of typical temperature anomalies in bushings, further illustrating its suitability for electrical equipment condition assessment.

An approach to assessing the technical condition of electrical equipment using weighted fuzzy rules

To ensure the smooth operation of all existing electric power systems, it is necessary to periodically diagnose electrical equipment using various methods and models that take into account all possible parameters and factors affecting the condition. The paper considers an approach to assessing the technical condition of electrical equipment using weighted fuzzy rules, taking into account different types of information (measuring, expert). The novelty of the approach is the representation of parameters in the form of fuzzy triangular numbers and the formation of importance weight vectors of term sets parameter values. This makes it possible to accurately assess the technical condition of electrical equipment in the context of different types of information to predict the condition of the equipment; to quickly identify parameters which values are outside acceptable limits, thereby determining the preliminary cause of equipment failure, as well as making informed diagnostic decisions regarding the condition of electrical equipment.

Синтез інтелектуальноої системи оцінки технічного стану обладнання системи електропостачання з фотоелектростанціями та накопичувачами енергії

Синтез інтелектуальноої системи оцінки технічного стану обладнання системи електропостачання з фотоелектростанціями та накопичувачами енергії

Patent Research of Systems for Monitoring the Technical Condition of Transformers

This article reveals the main causes of malfunctions in power transformers at industrial enterprises. The main technical parameters of electrical equipment are also presented, which can provide information about its technical condition. The article compares systems for monitoring the technical condition of electrical equipment from various manufacturers. All this is presented in a professional context, with an emphasis on key aspects.

Patent Research of Systems for Monitoring the Technical Condition of Electric Motors and Transformers

The article presents the main causes of malfunctions of electric motors and power transformers at industrial enterprises, the main technical parameters of electrical equipment, providing information on the technical condition. Comparison of systems for monitoring the technical condition of electrical equipment from different manufacturers is made.

Electrical Ground Fault Monitoring System Utilizing Arduino and Android Application

The increasing incidence of residential fires caused by electrical ground faults worldwide challenges researchers to develop systems capable of mitigating their occurrence. The absence of periodic equipment maintenance and monitoring facilities leads to potential electrical hazards to humans and properties. Technological advances have made online electrical ground fault monitoring equipment possible, allowing users to remotely access information about the operational condition of electrical equipment in their homes. This paper presents the development and testing of an Electrical Ground Fault Monitoring System using Arduino with an Android Application (EGFMSAAA). The system integrates an Electrical Ground Fault Detector Device (EGFDD) with an Arduino GSM Shield to detect and transmit electrical ground fault parameters. It also includes an Android-based application for real-time monitoring and control. The system was tested for accuracy and reliability, demonstrating its capability to detect faults, provide early warnings, and allow users to take preventive measures remotely. The findings indicate that the EGFMSAAA effectively enhances safety and reduces the risk of electrical fires in residential settings.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ СИСТЕМ РЕЛЕЙНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ И АВТОМАТИКИ ЦИФРОВЫХ ПОДСТАНЦИЙ

A comprehensive analysis of the data on the technical accounting of the functioning of electrical relay protection complexes in the unified national electric power grid of Russia is presented, thanks to which the main types, causes and patterns of incorrect and emergency operation of the entire range of protections are established. An approach to the potential transition to servicing industrial electric power facilities based on the use of the entire set of relay protection functionality to solve the problems of automating maintenance procedures on a new hardware and methodological basis is proposed. Optimal criteria for evaluating the operability of electrical relay protection complexes and automation of digital transformer substations are formulated, which additionally take into account the influence of completeness and reliability of electrical information on the condition of protected electrical equipment affecting the quality of protection. It is shown that the organization of maintenance of electrical equipment by means of relay protection and automation according to the actual condition at an energy facility with a developed system of automated information collection and processing is a natural step of transformation in the electric power industry. The analysis of the relevance of the current technology of maintenance and repair of electrical equipment showed a significant reduction in the impact on the functional groups of measurement, information environment and receiving modules of electrical relay protection complexes and automation of digital substations.

Research on the variation of dielectric properties of oil‐paper insulation for power equipment over a wide temperature range

AbstractThe main part of oil‐immersed power equipment is oil‐paper insulation. At lower ambient temperatures, transformer oil will become viscous. As a result, compared to those at room temperature or operating temperature, the frequency domain dielectric properties of oil‐paper insulation at low temperatures are drastically different. For evaluating the insulation condition of electrical equipment, it is essential to accurately determine their dielectric properties. This paper described the FDS test, the DC conductivity test, and the transformer oil viscosity test, which was carried out in a laboratory environment for different ageing of oil‐immersed pressboard and transformer oil at 233–373 K. The effects of temperature on the dielectric properties at the competing mechanisms of polarisation and conductivity loss were clarified based on variations of the FDS curves. Considering the viscosity change of ageing transformer oil at low temperatures, the Arrhenius and VFT viscosity equations were used to achieve a fitting calculation in the different temperature zones. Based on the molecular/ion transition model in the force field and electric field, the characterisation relationships between the dynamic viscosity, DC conductivity, and test temperature of transformer oil were established. The limitations of conventional transformer oil equivalent dielectric relaxation models over a wide temperature range were finally clarified by combining the test findings of the DC conductivity over a wide temperature range with observed and simulated calculations. This paper provides an essential theoretical reference when using the FDS test to diagnose the insulation performance of oil‐immersed power equipment in extremely cold regions.

AN INTELLIGENT MULTI-SENSOR SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USING WI-FI

The modern stage of industrial development is characterized by an increasing need for systems to monitor the condition and efficient functioning of electrical equipment. Breakdown or unplanned stoppage of an electromechanical system engine is accompanied by significant economic losses for enterprises. Therefore, the current stage of industrial development is characterized by an increasing need for systems for monitoring the condition and efficient functioning of electrical equipment.
 As a result, due to the rapid development of precision manufacturing technologies, many studies have been conducted in the field of multi-sensor measurement and data fusion technologies to improve monitoring capabilities in terms of measurement accuracy and information richness, thereby increasing production efficiency and accuracy. In a multi-sensor system, each sensor independently measures certain parameters. The system then uses an appropriate signal processing algorithm to combine all the independent measurements into a complete set of measurement results.
 An accurate assessment of the technical condition makes it possible to predict the term of the next repair of the equipment, increases the reliability and efficiency of its operation, reduces the damage from downtime of the equipment due to accidents, the costs of repair and restoration of operability, reduces the costs of maintenance and operation of the equipment.
 This article presents an overview of an intelligent multi-sensor system for monitoring the process and technological state of electrical equipment. Which in real time with the help of sensors makes it possible to obtain information from the environment and draw conclusions about the condition of the diagnosed equipment. The technology of an intelligent multi-sensor system for identification and assessment of the technical condition of electrical equipment has prospects for wide application in industries. Thanks to the most compact dimensions of the installation, we have the opportunity to take measurements in hard-to-reach places, without removing the equipment from work, which minimizes losses from downtime. Also, the use of this system allows detecting the development of a defect in the early stages of development, which prevents and significantly reduces the cost of repairing power equipment when it is out of service.

Компьютерная программа для моделирования показателей технического качества индукторов линейных асинхронных электродвигателей

The determination of indicators of the technical quality of electric motors, as well as their modeling, are in demand in the organization, final control of the technical quality of products, in the procedures for diagnosing and monitoring the technical condition of electrical equipment during operation. A large role in substantiating the criteria for the technical quality of electric motors and developing methods for their determination is given to computer modeling. Along with rotating electric motors, linear asynchronous electric motors (LAEM) are increasingly being used in technical systems. Criteria and test methods developed for rotating electrical machines are not adequate to the specifics of the LAEM. As applied to LAEM inductors, a method is proposed for assessing the technical quality indicators of three-phase inhomogeneous inductors with a non-uniform distribution of magnetic properties along the magnetic circuit. The method is based on the impulse effects of a voltage source on the LAEM inductor. A mathematical model, an algorithm and a program for modeling the technical quality indicators of LAEM inductors that implement the proposed method have been developed and presented. The program is written using its own interpreted programming language of the Maple software product and requires the user to enter the parameters of an electrical device. At the output, the user automatically receives an image of the Green’s matrix, oscillograms of phase currents based on the results of three experiments, and numerical values of quality indicators. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can serve as a tool for the technical control of inductors, and also that the developed technical quality criteria, mathematical model, algorithm and program allow modeling and evaluating the technical qualities of LAEM inductors both during final tests and during monitoring the technical condition of the device during operation.

Partial discharge detection on power equipment using a magneto-resistive sensor

Partial discharges (PD) detection is an effective diagnostic method to assess the insulation condition of electrical power equipment in the high-voltage laboratory or field tests. This paper presents a non-contacting PD detection method for power equipment. The method is based on an extra high-sensitivity adapted giant magneto-resistive (xMR) sensor that measures the magnetic field produced by the PD currents. Firstly, this paper describes the sensor’s relevant principle and signal conditioning circuit. Next, the sensor’s typical performance, including the frequency response and time-domain response to calibrator PD pulses, is measured and compared with our previous work. The results indicate that the xMR system’s bandwidth is improved to the MHz range. Finally, PD experiments are carried out and compared with measurements using a commercially available high-frequency current transformer (HFCT), which allows for verification of the coherence of the results concerning the PD pulses and phase-resolved PD (PRPD) patterns. The results show that PD in a cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable or a gas-insulated system (GIS) with artificial discharging defects is successfully measured, demonstrating the sensitivity and performance of the xMR system for PD detection.

The Influence of Reactive Power Control on the Turbine Generator Operational Reliability

The need to operate turbine generators in the reactive power absorption mode is stemming from a shortage of compensation devices in the grid. The operation of a conventional turbine generator as a reactive power compensator sometimes entails undesirable consequences for it. Recent years have seen a growing number of generator failures related to their prolonged operation at low excitation levels, which is the necessary condition for the generator to absorb reactive power. The article briefly describes the main factors that determine the relevance of the problem of reactive power control in the Moscow Region power system and the need to shift turbine generators for operation in the reactive power absorption mode. The article also provides information on the influence of operating modes in terms of reactive power control on the technical condition of the power plant main electrical equipment. The study is aimed at assessing the influence of reactive power control on the reliability of turbine generators. Based on a retrospective analysis of information on the technical condition of turbine generators and information about their damageability, recommendations on the possibility of using turbine generators for operation in reactive power absorption modes are drawn up. The operation of turbine generators in under-excitation modes eventually entails, regardless of their type and capacity, deterioration of the technical condition of the teeth of stator core end packages. In the absence of proper monitoring, fragments of crumbled sheets of active steel can cut through the stator winding case insulation, and the risk of its breakdown during operation or testing will increase. Under these circumstances, it is not possible to guarantee their reliable long-term operation.

Infrared Image Target Detection of Substation Electrical Equipment Using an Improved Faster R-CNN

Infrared camera can be used to monitor the condition of substation electrical equipment. Fast and accurate target detection algorithm is the key for infrared intelligent on-line routing inspection. However, the performance of traditional detection algorithm is poor due to the complex background of substation. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a target detection model based on the improved faster region-based convolutional neural networks (Faster R-CNN), which can be used for automatic detection of five kinds of electrical equipment in substations. The feature extraction network of this model is improved based on VGG16 by abandoning some high-level convolutions to accelerate the training and testing speed. Meanwhile, the 1:3 and 3:1 aspect ratio of anchor are added to improve the detection accuracy of elongated equipment. Experiments are performed on an infrared image dataset of substation to detect five types of equipment. The robustness tests of our model are carried out, too. The results show that our model performs well in detection accuracy and speed, achieving a mean detected accuracy of 95.32% and running at 11 frame/second. In addition, our model is robust to noise and lightness, which is suitable to other substations. Comparing to other models, our model has the highest mAP@0.5 of 92.78%.

Novel Spiral-Gap Shielding Shell for a Rogowski Current Sensor

Rogowski current sensors play an important role in detecting the condition of electrical power substation equipment. An electromagnetic field shielding shell is necessary for some of these sensors to operate correctly, especially those with large diameters and small heights. These are used for frequency-response analysis in power transformers. In this study, the magnetic-shielding effectiveness of a normal C-type metal shell was tested and simulated. The distribution and direction of the magnetic field were analyzed using finite-element simulation calculations to reveal the reasons for its poor shielding effectiveness. It was found that the magnetic field induced by an interference current crosses the shell and enters its cavity through the gap in its inner wall. Shells with larger inner-diameter-to-height ratios have worse magnetic-shielding effectiveness. Therefore, a novel shell structure with a spiral gap is proposed here. The magnetic-shielding effectiveness of this new type of shell was analyzed by further simulations and verified in experimental tests. The results showed that a shell with a spiral gap has better shielding effectiveness when it has a long gap. In addition, the spiral gap was found not to inhibit the current-measurement function of the sensor. This provides a new approach to the design of electromagnetic shielding shells for Rogowski sensors.