Source Of Electrical Energy Research Articles

Optimizing dynamic economic dispatch through an enhanced Cheetah-inspired algorithm for integrated renewable energy and demand-side management

This study presents the Enhanced Cheetah Optimizer Algorithm (ECOA) designed to tackle the intricate real-world challenges of dynamic economic dispatch (DED). These complexities encompass demand-side management (DSM), integration of non-conventional energy sources, and the utilization of pumped-storage hydroelectric units. Acknowledging the variability of solar and wind energy sources and the existence of a pumped-storage hydroelectric system, this study integrates a solar-wind-thermal energy system. The DSM program not only enhances power grid security but also lowers operational costs. The research addresses the DED problem with and without DSM implementation to analyze its impact. Demonstrating effectiveness on two test systems, the suggested method's efficacy is showcased. The recommended method's simulation results have been compared to those obtained using Cheetah Optimizer Algorithm (COA) and Grey Wolf Optimizer. The optimization results indicate that, for both the 10-unit and 20-unit systems, the proposed ECOA algorithm achieves savings of 0.24% and 0.43%, respectively, in operation costs when Dynamic Economic Dispatch is conducted with Demand-Side Management (DSM). This underscores the advantageous capability of DSM in minimizing costs and enhancing the economic efficiency of the power systems. Our ECOA has greater adaptability and reliability, making it a promising solution for addressing multi-objective energy management difficulties within microgrids, particularly when demand response mechanisms are incorporated. Furthermore, the suggested ECOA has the ability to elucidate the multi-objective dynamic optimal power flow problem in IEEE standard test systems, particularly when electric vehicles and renewable energy sources are integrated.

The Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse as Turbine Drive Fuel in Steam Power Plant at PG. Kebon Agung

The use of energy by society is increasing and is not matched by the availability of raw materials. Fuel oil and coal are dwindling and even running out. Therefore, to overcome this problem the government issued Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2006 concerning the National Energy Policy, where the utilization of biofuels is targeted at 2% in 2010 and 5% in 2025. To overcome this, methods are carried out by using renewable fuels and processing residual production materials such as the use of bagasse waste as fuel. Electrical energy sources from PLN and power plants in Indonesia are the main sources of electricity distribution used by consumers (industry). At PG. Kebon Agung has its own 4 steam power plants to meet the electrical energy needs needed to drive production machinery. Utilization of bagasse has the potential as a renewable fuel as a substitute for coal to gain resource and cost efficiency. In this study, the authors attach a cost comparison to the use of bagasse with other fuels, a comparison of the use of electrical energy from PLTU with PLN, and waste treatment to get efficiency and benefits in terms of costs and natural resources. With this research, it is hoped that readers can save resources and increase the efficiency of using biomass fuels.

Energi listrik berkelanjutan: Potensi dan tantangan penyediaan energi listrik di Indonesia

Economic growth and increasing population density have an influence on the large need for electrical energy in Indonesia. The amount of energy needed is directly proportional to economic growth and population density. This condition could threaten energy security in Indonesia if all stakeholders still depend on non-renewable energy. Coal, oil, and natural gas, which are continuously exploited for generating electricity, will eventually run out and will no longer be able to meet Indonesia's electrical energy needs. Apart from that, the use of non-renewable energy also has a negative impact on the environment. Indonesia is a country that is rich in renewable energy sources that can be used as a source of energy for generating electricity, but there are still obstacles in processing and using them, so they are not optimal. This paper aims to analyze the potential and challenges of providing electrical energy in Indonesia. The method used is a descriptive method using primary and secondary data and literature studies. The results of this study show that the potential for renewable energy that can be processed and developed for electricity generation is quite large, namely from energy sources originating from geothermal, hydropower, mini-hydro and micro-hydro, bioenergy, solar power, wind energy, and ocean waves. The survey results show that 52% of the public agree with the use of renewable energy, and 43% agree with the use of nuclear energy as a source of renewable electrical energy. The reason for choosing nuclear energy is the reliability of the energy supply. A strategy for developing renewable electrical energy can be formulated based on the opportunities and challenges currently faced to achieve energy security in Indonesia. Efforts to develop renewable electrical energy need to be carried out with the cooperation of all relevant stakeholders so that the sustainability of electrical energy in Indonesia can be realized.

Monitoring network optimization and impact of fish farming upon water quality in the Três Marias Hydroelectric Reservoir, Brazil.

Hydroelectric power is the main source of electrical energy in Brazil. Electrical energy providers have the duty to monitor water quality in reservoirs to preserve water quality and support best management practices that enable multiple wateruses, including fish production. In this context, the objectives of this study were (i) to perform a historical evaluation of water quality in Três Marias Reservoir, (ii) to present an optimization of the water quality monitoring network, and (iii) to evaluate the evolution and impact of fish farming upon surface water quality by using secondary data measured in situ and remote sensing. A systematic approach was applied to analyze historical water quality data. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to identify the most important parameters and monitoring points. Images obtained from Sentinel 2 were treated by contrast to quantify simple and weighted densities of fish farming activities in the region while regression analysis was performed to verify correlations between these densities and water quality parameters. Results showed that the pH and total suspended solids were the most important parameters for characterizing water quality, especially near tributaries, and that monitoring points could be grouped into three clusters (upstream, central, and downstream regions) with distinct water quality conditions. The PCA indicated that there is no redundance among parameters nor monitoring stations and that areas near tributaries must be prioritized for monitoring as these are important sources of suspended solids. Remote sensing images showed thatthearea occupied by fish farms has increased in the reservoir from 2016 to 2022and the methodology used for this purpose in this study may be applied to other bodies of water. Chlorophyll-a showed a direct relationship with the density of fish farms indicating a possible influence of nutrient input to the reservoir by this activity. These results provide valuable information to support decision-making related to water management in the reservoir.

Pengembangan Alat Praktikum Fisika Untuk Menunjukkan Pengaruh Cabai dan Tomat Pada Pembangkitan Tenaga Baterai Alternatif

This Research was conducted about the development of physics lab tools to show the effect of chilies and tomatoes on alternative battery power generation. This research aims to 1. find out whether tomatoes and chilies can be used as a source of electrical energy. 2. Find out what the mix optimum composition of tomatoes, chilies and water which can generate a maximum electrical energy. This research uses a proto-type of used batteries or batteries that are not used by removing manganese stone paste and replaced with a paste of chilies and tomatoes. This research used 2 samples consisting of a battery of mixed tomatoes and chilies without using additional water and a battery of mixed tomatoes and chilies using additional water in the mixture. Each battery has its potential difference measured. The next experiment was to create a closed circuit of each battery and connected with the LED lights, then measured the resulting voltage and current was generate. From the data it can be concluded that 1. the potential difference in a battery mixed with tomatoes and chilies without adding water is the best, namely when the composition of chilies is 100% 2. the potential difference in batteries mixed with tomatoes and chilies with the addition of water is best when the composition of tomatoes is 20% and chilies are 80%. 3. The average running time for LED lights in a closed circuit of mixed tomatoes and chilies, both with and without water, is 2 – 4 hours.

The impact of using an IoT-based automatic solar panel cleaner on building energy performance

Abstract Solar energy is a great provider of renewable environmentally friendly energy. Thanks to solar technologies, it converts sunlight into electrical energy using multiple devices such as photovoltaic cells. The generated electrical energy can be used for multiple purposes such as commercial, industrial, and domestic uses. Generating electrical energy without releasing toxic gases is considered one of the biggest advantages of using solar energy. While solar panels are a reliable source of clean electrical energy, their power output can be decreased due to the lack of maintenance and especially cleaning. The efficiency of solar panels decreases by more than 40% due to the lack of cleaning. That is why routine cleaning is crucial to ensure the optimum performance of them. Providing an automatic solar panel cleaning system will ensure that routine maintenance is done and the electricity output is optimum. Integrating the use of photovoltaic cells in buildings helps improve the energy performance and energy efficiency of buildings. This research paper aims to determine the impact of integrating an internet of things (IoT)-based automatic solar panel cleaner and measure the energy efficiency of using it. The IoT-based automatic solar panel cleaner contributed to raising the solar panel power wattage by 89.33% in a hot desert climatic region.

Controlled power distributed photovoltaic system using solar energy forecast

The use of renewable energy sources to supply electricity in customer grids is a current practise in developed countries and, particularly, in the case of distributed solar energy generation grids. Even though, the environmental benefits of the practise drive to economic incentives to increase the renewable energies. However, because of the unsteady behaviour of the renewable electric energy sources [1], as wind energy and solar photovoltaic production, the increment in the use of these sources produces severe fluctuations in the electric grids. Then, their electric supply to the electric grid is limited and at the same time, an accurate renewable energy production forecast is required. In this work, the feasibility of a new approach to reduce this problem is tested by the application (on a yearly basis) of a simulator of a production-storage controlled system, namely FOTOV, to be applied in the design of a photovoltaic (PV) installation

Penggunaan ETAP 12.6 Sebagai Alat Bantu Dalam Memilih Setting OCR Untuk Melindungi Kelangsungan dan Kestabilan Energi Listrik

In this time electrical energy is one of the most energy used. In industry electrical energy becomes a necessity that cannot be separated from the production process. Due to the need for electrical energy sources, of course, a protection system is needed to maintain the continuity and stability of electrical energy from existing disturbances such as short circuit disturbances. To overcome the short circuit, OCR is used. To assist the process of calculating loadflow and short-circuit current, ETAP12.6 is used. The results of the analysis of the ETAP 12.6 will be compared with the data obtained in the field with the aim of analyzing whether the use of the ETAP 12.6 software in assisting calculations and analysis in the selection of OCR settings. The difference in ocr settings in the ETAP 12.6 and field data has a difference of less than 2%. This difference is relatively small and can still be used to help the process in selecting the OCR settings.

Design of an Intelligent Cooling System for the E-Inobus Battery Box

The battery Pack is an important component used as a source of electrical energy in E-Inobus. Therefore, an effective cooling system is required to ensure optimal conditions. So, to maintain the performance and safety of the battery pack, a system that can control the air in the battery box is needed. The purpose of this final project is to design a tool known as functional and performance testing. This research uses the R&D method that refers to the ADDIE model. The object of this research is the optimization of the cooling system in the battery box. Data collection and testing of this tool are carried out functionally, and the performance of the tool is tested. Testing the performance of the tool. The result of this research is to successfully make a cooling system optimization tool that is made using a reconditioned box and cooling system optimization tool made using a reconditioned box and Wemos Mega 2560 as a microcontroller, with testing and functional testing on DHT22 has an average difference of 0.65°C. Average difference of 0.65 ° C on the DHT22 sensor (1) and 0.32 ° C on the DHT sensor (2), then the performance test of the device. DHT sensor (2) then tests the performance when working optimally at a fan speed of 6000 Rpm with a temperature of 25 ° C, and getting optimal results can reduce the temperature by 5 ° C.

The Bio-Rights Scheme in The Use of The Sun as a Renewable New Energy Promotes The Availability of Sustainable Electricity Energy Sources

Sunlight is an energy that has great potential to support the availability of sustainable power sources. Often in the construction of EBT facilities, the community is hampered by expensive project costs. The study aims to examine the policies that have been drafted by the government regarding the exploitation of solar energy potential in Indonesia, the Regulations and Legislation that form the basis of energy management, as well as to offer alternative solutions related to how the energy management ecosystem scheme is appropriate so that it can respond to the problems of the construction of the EBT project. In the Bio-Rights scheme, indigenous and local communities have an important role to play in the use of solar heat. They have the right to participate in decision-making, benefit from solar heat, and protect natural resources.

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell as electric energy source, steady state and dynamic behavior

The main objective of this work is to give information on the behavior of three small PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell/Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) prototypes under static and dynamic load conditions. This is a fuel cell that holds promise in the use for energy in automotive and household applications. A computational model was developed to simulate the static and dynamic performance of this particular type of fuel cell. This model is based on electrochemical equations and takes into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of the device in order to generate power. The model takes into consideration the operating and design parameters of the materials, with the results being compared with practical experiments. This research gives the possibility to infer, from steady state and dynamic studies, on the design of PEMFC’s of different sizes and also to develop a further research on the need for control such as of hydrogen and oxygen pressure and flow. The study of sizing of the fuel cell is also an invaluable asset due to the low cost of the simulation

PEMANFAATAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF PhET UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA

Science learning materials in class such as electricity and alternative energy sources that cannot be presented directly to class requires the right media. This study aims to determine whether PhET interactive media is effective in improving the learning outcomes of class VI students in science subjects. This type of research is classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Each cycle consists of two meetings. The subjects of this study were 27 students in class VI A at Guntur Elementary School, Cirebon City. The results showed that PhET is an interactive medium that is easy to use and makes it easy for students to understand the material on electrical circuits and alternative energy sources. Through PhET, students simulate electric circuits and convert alternative energy sources into electricity. Students are more active and enthusiastic when learning. The learning outcomes of all students can increase because PhET is a suitable medium for learning science because the media is very interesting and interactive so students understand the material more easily and their learning outcomes increase.

The State of Charge Estimation of LiFePO4 Batteries Performance Using Feed Forward Neural Network Model

Lithium-ion batteries like LiFePO4 become a new choice for electrical energy sources in the world and can be used on electric vehicles. Battery packs monitoring by Battery Management System in electric vehicles require accurate monitoring. The inaccuracy of monitoring such property can lead to low safety, low efficiency and battery’s life reduction. Estimating state of charge (SoC) to prevent battery damage from overcharging and over discharging. Some of the methods used to estimate SoC such as Coulomb Counting have errors during the charge and discharge process. This research proposes a counting method for measuring SoC with the artificial neural networks (ANN) to provide more precise estimation. Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) is an ANN model that can give an accurate estimation of SoC by learning data of the charge-discharge process performed on sample batteries. The sample batteries are tested with a battery analyzer to get its charging-discharging data consisting of variables such as voltage, current, capacity, and time with C-Rate variations. These variables data are then learned by the modeled FFNN to predict SoC value. The FFNN model consisted of 16 neurons in the first layer, 8 neurons in the second layer, and 4 neurons in the third layer. The predicted SoC value from FFNN has a similar value with its real SoC value. The relationship between SoC and battery voltage is plotted in a curve and shows an identical characteristic with how the SoC-Voltage curve of a battery should be and have a low mae value. This FFNN model can be applied further such as in electric vehicles to maintain its safety and for longer use.

Perspective study on charge time measurement of long-term stored lithium-ion batteries used in electric-powered aircraft assessed and modelled by specific growth model with diffusion process backup

Electrical energy sources and batteries are currently in great demand. The demand is growing, and their use is on the rise in a variety of applications. In contrast, there are limited both production/manufacturing options and an effort to ensure more environmentally friendly acquisition, operation and use. In this article, we study, test, and model the charging process of Li-ION batteries. We study a set of long-term stored Li-ION batteries and compare the data and results with a set of new Li-ION batteries. The charging data are obtained experimentally by long-term testing, and the volume (of the data) is very large and statistically very representative. Modelling of the Li-ION battery charging process is based on specific growth model forms. Furthermore, the charging process is simulated using special forms of the diffusion process, specifically the Geometric Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, which seems to be the most suitable for this purpose. The research is carried out with the aim to obtain the first passage time (FPT), i.e. the charge time of the battery. The first passage time is further studied with respect to the suitability of its expression using parametric probability distributions. We also acquired the numerical statistics of the charging time FPT as well as the respective parametric distribution. The FPT results obtained for long-term stored and new Li-ION batteries were compared using well-known and lesser-known statistical tests, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence.

Random forest machine learning algorithm based seasonal multi‐step ahead short‐term solar photovoltaic power output forecasting

AbstractTo maintain grid stability, the energy levels produced by sources within the network must be equal to the energy consumed by customers. In current times, achieving energy balance mainly involves regulating the electrical energy sources, as consumption is typically beyond the control of grid operators. For improving the stability of the grid, accurate forecasting of photovoltaic power output from largely integrated solar photovoltaic plant connected to grid is required. In the present study, to improve the forecasting accuracy of the forecasting models, onsite measurements of the weather parameters and the photovoltaic power output from the 20 kW on‐grid were collected for a typical year which covers all four seasons and evaluated the random forest techniques and other techniques like deep neural networks, artificial neural networks and support vector regression (reference in this study). The simulation results show that the proposed random forest technique for the forecasting horizon of 15 and 30 min is performing well with 49% and 50% improvements in the accuracy respectively over reference model for the study location 22.78°N, 73.65°E, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Anand Agricultural University, Godhra, India.

A Brief Study of the Carbon Counter Electrode for Photosensor based on DSSC

We investigate the fabrication of photosensor devices based on dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). DSSC photovoltaic cells use solar light energy to trigger chemical reactions as a source of electrical energy. DSSC has several advantages, namely low production costs, environmental friendliness, easy fabrication, and high-power conversion efficiency. Therefore, DSSC is ideal for use as a photosensor. Most DSSCs use a wet electrolyte to provide ionic conductivity to the photoanode. However, long-term use of liquid electrolyte causes corrosion which can reduce the stability of the resulting current. In this research, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) solid electrolyte was used to prevent corrosion of the photoanode. Samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, UV-Vis and photoresponse. The XRD results show the crystallinity of nanoporous TiO2 and YSZ. SEM results show that the average particle size distribution of TiO2 /YSZ DSSC cells is 315 nm. The sensitivity, rise and fall times of the photosensor have been calculated by varying the counter electrode when testing the photoresponse. Finally, Graphene as a counter showed higher voltage and current compared to AC which is 0.2 V and 0.05 µA.

The power of plants to become sources of electrical energy

The relevance of this study is caused by the further need to develop alternative energy sources. The paper is the first to demonstrate the possibility of accumulating the electric current produced by plants by means of surfaces with high adsorption properties. The use of such currents to power diode lamps and other devices is shown. A literature review in this direction of research is also presented. Conclusions are made about the possibility of using the potential of photosynthesis in low-power energy.

Solar power control system on smart green home

The need for fossil fuel electricity usage is increasing every year. If used for a long period of time, it will eventually run out. To reduce the use of fossil fuel energy, other alternatives are needed to maintain the availability of natural resources, one of which is by utilizing renewable energy. Utilization of solar power as an electrical energy source using photovoltaic panels. In its application, a solar power plant requires a controller that can regulate the energy produced. This controller is responsible for regulating the process of selecting the battery to be used. The working principle of this device is that when the battery reaches the minimum voltage threshold, the battery usage will be diverted to another battery with a voltage above the minimum threshold. The results of the research show that the system is capable of performing switching processes well using the smart switching method with a 100% success rate. The system uses an INA219 sensor for reading voltage and current from the battery. This research uses a 10-watt DC lamp, 20-watt DC lamp, and 30-watt DC lamp as loads. The battery can last for 4,8 hours by using a 10-watt DC lamp as a load, 2,4 hours by using 20-watt DC lamps as a load, and 1,6 hours by using 30-watt DC lamp as a load.

Distributed energy generation based on jet-vortex bioheat generators

The article explores transforming Ukraine’s energy system using the “Smart Grid” concept and distributed generation. It emphasizes the need for decentralizing thermal and electric energy sources with small-scale, renewable local biofuels. The significance of thermochemical distribution systems for bio-waste using jet-vortex generator-incinerators in energy-intensive technologies is highlighted. New methods for generating thermal energy in agro-industrial processes, such as grain drying, are proposed. Heat-technical means for bio-waste decomposition, heat exchange, and combustion product utilization have been developed. Production tests of automated jet-vortex generator-incinerators were conducted, considering variable technological parameters. The cost of thermal energy for grain drying is significantly lower than traditional methods. The process, with a functional heat exchanger, uses preheated clean air, improving grain quality. A cogeneration plant project, based on a generator-incinerator and air turbine, is proposed to address Ukraine’s electricity sector challenges. This plant converts thermal energy into mechanical energy using a heat exchanger and compressor. Electrical energy is produced with an electromechanical converter to meet the thermal-technical module’s needs. The cogeneration plant achieves a total efficiency of approximately 80%.

Энергетическая политика Индии и сотрудничество с Россией

The relatively high growth rates of GDP and real incomes of the population compared to other Asian countries, combined with the ongoing policy of industrialization and urbanization, make India one of the most attractive markets for commodities. At the same time, India is characterized by extremely low levels of motorization and per capita consumption of many goods and services, including plastic products, which determines the potential for growth in consumption of primary energy sources. Due to the progressive increase in per capita GDP in India, the poverty level is decreasing, stimulating an increase in the number of relatively well-off citizens and, as a result, the consumption of electricity, petroleum products and other energy sources. However, due to the small reserves of fossil resources, India is in dire need of them, mainly oil and gas. Among the key areas of its economy are the oil and gas production and oil and gas processing industries. The subject of the study is India's energy policy, in particular its oil and gas market. The aim of the work is to establish prospects for cooperation between Russia and India due to the fact that the latter is a fast–growing economy and is an expanding market for fossil fuels for the needs of households and industry. The article identifies the peculiarities of the development of the fuel and energy sector of India, and establishes its energy needs. India's energy policy has been reviewed in the light of the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement, its oil and gas reserves have been identified and directions for possible diversification of their supplies have been predicted. It is concluded that due to the sanctions imposed on Russian companies and the need to diversify the supply of natural resources, foreign economic cooperation with India is of particular interest to Russia.