Electric Control System Research Articles

Nonlinear Dynamics of a Microscale Rate Integrating Gyroscope with a Disk Resonator under Parametric Excitation

This article presents an analytical study of the dynamics of a micromechanical integrating gyroscope with a disk resonator. A discrete dynamic model of the resonator is obtained, taking into account the axial anisotropy of its mass and stiffness properties, as well as the action of the electrical control system of oscillations. An analysis of the spectral problem of disk vibrations in the plane is carried out. The nonlinear dynamics of the resonator in the regimes of free and parametrically excited vibrations are investigated. In the mode of parametric oscillations, qualitative dependencies of the gyroscopic drift on the operating voltage, angular velocity and parameters of defects are obtained.

Experimental investigation of multiple-particle pattern based on one-dimensional grating resonance field

Manipulation of particles by ultrasonic waves is a primary technique in the fields of precision manufacturing, materials engineering, and in vitro diagnosis, since it can control the motion of objects in the sound field in a contactless and noninvasive manner. In general, the free sound field, such as the focused field and the plane wave generated by a single transducer can only manipulate a single particle. While the complex field generated by a transducer array should be actuated by a complex electric control system, which makes the manipulation device expensive and cumbersome. Thus, modulated acoustic field for particle manipulation is still needed. Here, we experimental realize a one-dimensional acoustic grating to tune sound fields for the parallel pattern of multiple particles. The physical mechanism is that due to the resonance coupling between the periodic diffraction wave on the surface of the acoustic grating and the Fabry-Perot resonant sound field in the acoustic grating slit, a periodical gradient sound field on the surface of the acoustic grating is induced. Then, particles in the periodical gradient sound field can be trapped in two stable positions in one period of the grating. These concepts and realizations of particle patterns in the acoustic grating pave the way for implementing the parallel manipulation of particles in acoustic manipulation technologies.

Features of ensuring high-quality work of modern electrical power systems of unmanned vessels

Unmanned seagoing vessels are increasingly being used. In the paper the dump scow Rabochaya is considered as an example of an unmanned vessel. An extended marine control system, a video surveillance subsystem, a surveillance and search engine are additionally installed on the scow to carry out industrial tasks in unmanned mode. The correct operation of these systems and the whole vessel depends on the high-quality operation of the ship's electrical power system. The aim of the study is to identify abnormal modes of parallel operation of marine diesel generator sets and to develop methods and means for their elimination. The results of the experimental research and mathematical modeling have revealed the existence of power exchange oscillations when the ship generators operating in parallel. Power exchange oscillations can be detected with the help of generator current oscillations. It has been proposed to introduce a unit for eliminating power exchange oscillations (EPEO) into the automatic control system of ship electrical power systems for eliminating such oscillations. An algorithm for the operation of the EPEO unit has been developed, it controls the settings of the rotational speed regulators of diesel-generator sets. The proposed methods and tools reduce the amplitude of power exchange oscillations to an acceptable value, and therefore contribute to the high-quality operation of the ship's electrical power system and control systems in unmanned mode. The results obtained make it possible to ensure reliable and trouble-free operation of any autonomous electrical power system during the operation mode without maintenance personnel.

Electrical Energy Monitoring and Control System In Boarding Rooms Based On The Internet of Things

Electrical energy is an essential requirement in various activities today. Almost all electronic devices that are used require electrical energy to operate. Therefore, the public needs to know how much electrical energy is used to maintain the quality of electronic devices. Electrical energy monitoring is a process of monitoring and a source of information on electrical energy that can be viewed directly or remotely with real-time output results. Electrical energy monitoring is designed as a routine process of collecting or measuring information source data that determines the level of electricity consumption achievement in real-time. By using real-time information technology, the operating conditions of the hardware system and programs have clear timeframes. Based on this background, the authors want to conduct research designed to monitor and obtain sources of information on the results of the use of electrical energy in boarding rooms, of course this monitoring tool is based on microcontrollers and the Internet of Things (IoT), with the creation of this monitoring of electrical energy, with all parameters electricity such as voltage, current, electric power, electrical energy, and power factor used can be measured using the PZEM-004T sensor. Monitoring electrical energy using the NodeMCU platform as an input and output processor will then be displayed on the control panel display and internet of things (IoT) based Blynk server. From these problems, the authors are interested in conducting research that aims to monitor and obtain sources of information on the use of electrical energy in boarding rooms. This monitoring tool is based on a microcontroller. In addition, this monitoring tool is also based on IoT so that power consumption can be monitored directly and remotely with real-time output results. From the results of the measurement test using the PZEM-004T sensor, it was obtained that the difference in the value of the deviation that occurred was relatively small for voltage 0.538%, current 0.007%, electric power 0.383%, electrical energy 0.005% and power factor 0.039%, it was concluded that the PZEM-004T sensor could be used to further observations. At the same time, the real-time control panel output results to the Blynk server using the NodeMCU ESP8266 produce real-time work, as well as the use of relays as controllers of the tools that have been made, have been tested and obtained satisfactory results.

Indirect measurements in the intelligent heating control system for the turnout using adaptive systems

The article discusses the possibility of applying the results of regression analysis [1], fuzzy logic modelling and adaptive systems as such for use in heating control circuits of railway turnouts in order to reduce energy consumption, reduce current surges during on/off switching, and extend the life of heating elements. Based on various researches [2-4] some new solutions are proposed to fulfil shortages of current solutions. As a proposed solution to the described problem, an experimental point electric heating adaptive control system is proposed and described. Experiment of controlling point electric heating system using pulse-width modulation driven by values of regression analysis and fuzzy logic elements. Adaptive methods allowed to dismiss contact temperature sensors, which is associated with a decrease in the reliability of the system, but this fact is prevented by the use of such control methods that can indirectly determine the required rail heating temperature. Conclusions show that the approach of introducing adaptive methods like pulse-width modulation allows to control point electric heating in more efficient way – using program code, control system will adjust heating by adjusting time intervals when the heating is turned on and off.

Design of intelligent window opening system based on multi-sensor fusion

The traditional electric window opener has the problems of low efficiency and single control mode. In view of the above shortcomings, an intelligent electric window opener control system based on multi-sensor fusion is designed. The system uses data acquisition, data processing, wireless communication, remote control, and other technologies to realize the real-time monitoring of environmental status through the fusion of temperature, light intensity, smoke, rain, and other sensors. When the monitoring data reaches the set value, the intelligent window opener will automatically open or close. The whole system is based on an STM32 single-chip microcomputer and uses the ESP8266 Internet of things module to realize the remote monitoring and control of the platform. In the aspect of window opening motor control, the proportional integral derivative (PID) is used to control the DC motor for the accurate window opening. The experimental results show that the overall operation of the system is stable, the response is rapid, the sensor accuracy is high, the system error is less than 5%, and the long-term operation shows good stability and reliability.

Household Electricity Utilization Monitoring System Using Microcontroller Based SCADA

Human needs continue to grow, making today's technology a necessity. In today's life, humans cannot be separated from electricity. In the household, the current electrical control system is still classified as conventional, namely by using a switch or still relatively manual. To overcome this, a SCADA system is needed to monitor and control household electrical appliances. In making the SCADA system uses an Arduino uno microcontroller and an ethernet shield that is connected via a switch/hub that goes directly to a computer that will be monitored on the VT-Scada software. The results of the delay test on the VT-Scada output are, on average, 1.80 seconds of delay when on and 1.90 seconds of delay when off. The results of monitoring the entire system in each room are as expected.

Modular-based test system for proportional valves

Based on the dynamic and static test performance requirements of a company for proportional valves, a hydraulic schematic and electrical control system for a proportional valve test bench was designed, on the basis of which a LabVIEW-based proportional valve test system was developed. The test and control software is based on a modular design, which allows the required functions to be handled in a modular way, greatly reducing the development cycle of the test software and facilitating later improvements and maintenance. The test results show that the test bench has high accuracy and stable performance, and can provide a reliable test basis and test means for the development and online inspection of proportional valves.

Research on the application of PLC technology in electrical automation engineering

Abstract With the development of modern science and technology, the development of electrical automation engineering has also become widespread. In the traditional sense, the wiring of the electrical automation control system is complex, the cost is high, the maintenance is difficult and failures may easily occur, and these factors seriously affect the system efficiency. The application of PLC technology in the field of electrical automation greatly simplifies the installation and operation process, and improves the work efficiency. Therefore, PLC technology has come to play an increasingly important role in the efficient and stable operation of electrical automation engineering. This paper analyses and explores the principle and practical application of PLC in the field of electrical automation engineering, and optimises the automatic control system based on PLC.

Remote actuation based on magnetically responsive pillar arrays

Smart actuators, integrated with high aspect-ratio structures and stimuli-responsive materials, can take more diverse tasks skillfully. Although great advances have been achieved over the past few years, it is still difficult in manipulating the small objects such as the transporting and grasping them under the remote untethered condition. Inspired by the ciliary structures on biological organs, a magnetically responsive actuator with hierarchical pillars on the surface of the film is designed and proposed, which allows active, fast, and dynamic manipulation over the force and speed of a small object by taking an external magnetic field. Magnetic pillars of different morphologies were fabricated by a modified soft lithographic method involving inking and imprinting processes. The magnetic-force conversion unit was constructed by magnetically responsive pillar arrays. Upon applying an external magnetic field, these pillars can rhythmically bend and recover in a controlled manner, and the generated force can be used to drive the small object to move or capture the small object. All these was further addressed from experimental and theoretical perspectives. This magnetically responsive actuator demonstrates reliable actuating performance with instant field responses. No complex mechanical and electrical control systems are required. Thus, the combined use of high aspect-ratio structures and stimuli-responsive materials will facilitate many other applications such as surface engineering, soft actuators and robotics in the future.

Simulation research on ship electric propulsion speed regulation system based on variable structure control and FPGA

In order to improve the operating effect of the ship electric propulsion speed control system, this paper combines variable structure control and FPGA to study the ship electric propulsion speed control system, and simulates and analyzes the system. Moreover, this paper adopts a modular design and divides the FPGA design into different modules such as AD sampling control, AD data processing, logic state acquisition and control, PWM pulse generation and control, RTC control, and DTS control. In addition, this paper constructs a ship electric propulsion speed regulation system based on variable structure control and FPGA. Finally, this paper conducts simulation research on the system and counts its corresponding data. The main parameters are control reliability and speed regulation effect. According to the simulation test results, the ship electric propulsion speed control system based on variable structure control and FPGA proposed in this paper can effectively improve the propagation speed control effect.

Significance of AI in Electrical Control Systems and Automation

Significance of AI in Electrical Control Systems and Automation

Energy-efficiency-oriented optimal control for electrical environmental control system based on advanced neural network

Electric environmental control system (EECS) adopts the unique architecture of electric compressor bleed air and multi-stage expansion refrigeration. The state of EECS is regulated by the electric compressor and multiple regulation valves together, resulting in flow and temperature of each node strongly coupled. Traditional methods use a single valve to control each objective without considering the effect of control scheme on energy efficiency, which will not only lead to poor control effect, but also limit the coefficient of performance (COP) of EECS. This paper proposes an energy-efficiency-oriented optimal control strategy to improve the COP and control performance simultaneously. Part of the regulation valves are regarded as optimization variables and the corresponding control objectives are regarded as constraints to maximize COP. On this basis, an advanced control algorithm is proposed to further improve the control effect. The COP prediction model is developed with an offline trained neural network and the optimal valve openings are solved by the differential evolution algorithm. The controller is developed with another neural network online trained by adaptive learning rate algorithm to adapt to complex conditions. The results show that the COP and control performance of EECS are significantly improved. Compared to other strategies, the optimal control strategy can increase COP by up to 61.14%. This study provides an effective solution to the optimal control problem of systems with similar structure to EECS.

General-purpose controller for multiple types of magnetic bearing rotor systems

With the increasingly widespread application of magnetic bearings (MBs) in high-speed motors, turbomachinery, and machine tools, the development of magnetic bearing controllers (MBCs) is becoming increasingly significant. Conventional MBCs are designed specifically for a particular type of MB and have poor generality. Given this, an MBC with a digital signal processor (TMS320F28377S) as the core is developed. Meanwhile, a generality calculation method for the circuit module is proposed. The displacement conditioning circuit designed in this paper can match most MB displacement sensors, and the generality is improved to 91.66%. The designed power amplifier can realize the switching of two-level and three-level pulse width modulation (PWM). It can also realize the switching of unidirectional and bidirectional power amplifier control. Therefore, it can apply to most MB rotor systems, and the generality is improved to 66.67%. In addition, the proposed dual closed-loop control strategy based on linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) makes the system’s anti-interference capability, robustness and self-adaptive capability enhanced, further improving the generality of the controller. Simulation and experimental results show that the MBC is highly general and has good dynamic performance, and the electrical control system of the MB is optimized.

Physical and Chemical Analysis of Contact Points of relay on EMU

Electromagnetic relay is an essential part in electric control system on EMU. Because of frequent operation of on-off, external vibration, temperature rising and corrosive gas, etc when the EMU is in operation may cause wear and oxidation of the surface of contact points. Therefore, the electrical contact resistance increased, which cause contact electrical performance failure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to observe and measure the surface and section of contact points. The experimental result shows that the surface layer wear and contained phosphate and the section contained O, F, S, P, Ag, Ni elements. Thereafter the mechanism of efficacy losing of electromagnetic relay was discussed.

New EiC, Same Mission: Serving Energy Professionals and PES [Editors’ Voice

Thirty-nine years ago, I joined IEEE as a Student Member of the Quebec Chapter, with control systems as my area of interest. When I attended my very first IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES) Winter Meeting in 1990 in Atlanta as a utility research engineer, I met legends of industry, like Prabha Kundur and Charles Concordia, and famous professors whom I admired. My immediate desire was to follow in their steps. During my early career, I was concerned about developing impactful technologies and writing research papers of archival value. To this aim, I engaged as a volunteer in various IEEE technical activities, mainly within the Electric Machinery and Power System Dynamic Performance Committees. This professional development led me to some consequential contributions to electric machinery standards and power grid control and protection systems. I was lucky enough to see some of them adopted and implemented in my own Hydro-Quebec, the public utility of the Province of Quebec in Canada, and elsewhere. This drive to design, build, implement, and report to peers was my main source of motivation during most of my career.

Optimum pricing of smart home appliances based on carbon emission and system cost

Concurrent optimization of two different objective functions is a prominent subject in power systems. A model based on a multi-objective mixed-integer program is presented for smart home scheduling with economic and environmental considerations. One of the objective functions minimizes the operational cost of the building, whereas, the other one minimizes the carbon release. To solve the suggested multi-objective problem, the ɛ-constraint technique and the weighted addition method are utilized. Therefore, to choose the desirable win–win approach from the achieved effective outcomes, a min–max composition of fuzzy is used in order to obtain desirable evaluation results. The CPLEX solver of the GAMS is used to solve the suggested problem. In addition, to assess the effectiveness of the suggested model, ɛ-constraint technique and the weighted addition method case studies have been used. In a comparison of the achieved results, it is seen that by incorporating the ɛ-constraint technique, the overall operational cost of the smart home is 28.57% lower when economically optimizing the model. Also, by environmentally optimizing the model, 7.63% less carbon was emitted. Moreover, using the weighted addition method demonstrates a decrease of 28.76% and 11.37% from economic and environmental viewpoints, respectively. The simulation results show that to minimize carbon release, the building’s electrical power control system prefers utilizing CHP over the boiler.

Using electric boilers with hierarchical load control systems to supply heat to apartments

Introduction. Using electrical energy, transformed into thermal energy, to supply heat to premises is not a good idea due to its low efficiency. It is generally believed that the use of electricity to supply heat to multi-family buildings is considered to have a higher carbon footprint than gas-fired heating. If we consider the entire life cycle of heat supply systems, as well as the production of smoke exhaust systems, air supply, gas supply, operating expenses, the comparison between the carbon footprints of the above technologies is ambiguous. The use of electric boilers as sources of heat supply to apartments is limited due to the amount of energy, thus produced, which is equal to 15 kW.
 Materials and methods. The author analyzed the operation of a wall-mounted electric boiler with a hierarchical load control system. Its mode of operation was focused on meeting the top-priority physiological and social needs of apartment residents.
 Results. The operation of electric heat generators, having triac and relay control systems, was compared for the case of a limited amount of electricity supplied. The authors determined the boundaries of comfortable use of electric heat generators for apartment heat supply.
 Conclusions. Electric boilers with a triac control system and a small load change step can demonstrate linear modulation in the entire range of changes in heat load values of independent heat supply systems. The structure of electrical energy consumption by electric boilers is hierarchical. An electric boiler control system must have an independent line equipped with priority and time relays. 15 kW is enough to ensure the comfortable use of any standard electrical appliances for premises up to 80 m2 located in the central areas of the Russian Federation.

Long Range Electricity Control System for Post- Paid Electricity Meter with Power Line Carrier Communication

ABSTRAK Pelanggan yang menunggak tagihan listrik berkali-kali akan diberikan tindakan disiplin oleh penyedia jasa kelistrikan berupa pemutusan aliran listrik. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan sistem pemutusan listrik contactless jarak jauh. Pada penelitian ini dirancang suatu sistem kendali listrik dari jarak jauh dengan menggunakan komunikasi power line carrier (PLC). Realisasi pengujian pada sistem ini telah berhasil pada 3 rumah dalam topologi jalur bus. Proses komunikasi antar muka untuk mengirimkan data perintah kontrol adalah dengan menggunakan aplikasi mobile yang terhubung secara nirkabel ke master device. Proses pengendalian berhasil dilakukan pada electricity meter jenis analog dan digital. Pemutus electricity meter yang disabotase dapat diidentifikasi melalui pembacaan tegangan umpan balik. Delay tersingkat adalah 7.74 detik dengan panjang konduktor 5.9 meter, sedangkan delay terlama adalah 8.16 detik dengan panjang konduktor 310 meter. Kata kunci: pemutusan listrik, nirkontak, jarak jauh, pembawa saluran listrik, topologi bus. ABSTRACT Multiple time electricity bill arrears customer will be given disciplinary act by the electrical service provider in form of disconnection of the electricity. The solution to overcome this problem is a long-range contactless electricity disconnection system. This study proposes an electricity control system using power line carrier communication method. Overall results on this system have been successful on three houses in bus line topology. Proposed interface communication process to send a control command data is by using the mobile application via Bluetooth to the master. A sabotaged electricity meter breaker can be identified by means of a feedback voltage reading. The shortest delay is 7.74 seconds with a conductor length of 5.9 meters, while the longest delay is 8.16 seconds with a conductor length of 310 meters. Keywords: electricity disconnection, contactless, long-range, power line carrier, bus topology.

Optimize electric automation control using artificial intelligence (AI)

To successfully address the issues confronting current electrical engineering, a control system based on artificial intelligence technology is designed. The paper presents a model of an electrical automation control system based on an artificial intelligence algorithm. The control parameters are optimized by implementing a control method based on an artificial intelligence algorithm. The research findings indicate that when 20 % load interference and 2.1 Hz frequency interference are present, the turbine's highest failure rate under system control is 0.02, showing that the system has a good anti-interference capability. As a result, the use of artificial intelligence algorithms for autonomous control of electrification can significantly increase control reaction time, reduce costs, and produce more efficient production.