With the rapid development of science and technology, the society demands more and more diversification of products, which requires the cycle of product renewal to be shorter and shorter, which makes the proportion of multi-variety and small batch production increase obviously. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tool is a very popular production machine in China’s industrial production, which is mainly composed of hardware circuit, mechanical part and lower computer software. CNC machine tools play an important role in solving the problem of precision or complex parts, and the data of CNC machine tools in mechatronics system are typical. Numerical control technology is related to a country’s position in international industry, so accelerating the development of advanced numerical control technology and strengthening the construction of numerical control equipment are important methods to improve a country’s position in international industry. Based on vector control technology, this paper discusses the design of electrical control system of CNC machine tools, and studies the methods to improve the safety, reliability, machining accuracy and productivity of CNC machine tools, in order to provide reference for the further application of vector control in CNC machine tools.