Electric Connector Research Articles

Investigation of Morphology and Electrical Properties of Contact Materials after Airtightness Test

In this article, the corrosion behavior of the gold plating and the silver plating specimens are studied. It is found that the airtightness have effects on the contact properties of the different plating specimens. The surface morphology of specimens is observed by stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chemical constitution was examined by X-ray energy spectrum. The contact resistances were measured by four-point method. The experiment results show that the corrosion appearance of the silver plating is severer than that of the gold plating one after airtightness test. The corrosion degree of plating specimens decreased with the increase of the coatings thickness. The static contact resistances of corrosive spots appear higher contact resistance than normal value. It is found the high and unstable contact resistance of the corrosion products is more likely to cause contact failure. The influencing factor of the corrosion products with different plating has an important influence on the airtightness test and the contact failure of electric connector.

Evaluation and performance improvement of Si/SiOx/C based composite as anode material for lithium ion batteries

The structure and electrochemical performances of Si/SiOx/C (SSC) and graphite-SSC composite (G-SSC) are evaluated in half cells and full cells as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. It is found that the SSC material shows a lithium storage capacity of 3 to 5 times higher than that of pure graphite while the G-SSC composite exhibits a desirable cycling stability (+80%@400cycles). Structural characterization reveals no particle cracks in the G-SSC composite. The Si particle is surrounded with lithium silicates, which provide protection against the electrolyte invasion and electrolyte decomposition but permits the Li+ ions to pass through. The graphite coating layer, on the other hand, acts as an electric conductive connector and volume buffer. These structural features make the SSC and G-SSC attractive as anode materials for high-performance commercial lithium ion batteries.

Research on Improving the Gilding Quality for Electric Connector Contacts Made by Copper Alloy

The paper summarized the causes of influencing the gilding quality of electric connector contact bodies made by copper alloy.We put forward realiable and effective ways to solve the problems of the gilding quality,Chosing the optimum technological parametars of gold plating bath,achieving optimum structure desig of contact bodies ,improving the process of gilding are the best solutions.

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Rapidly Solidified Cu-Zr-Ag Alloy Fabricated by Powder Rolling Process

ABSTRACTA non-equilibrium Cu-Zr-Ag alloy was designed for the development of an alternative electric connector to Cu-Be alloys. This work aims at producing a Cu-Zr-Ag sheet using a hot-powder-rolling (HPR) process. The sheets were produced by a sequential process of HPR, pre-annealing, and cold rolling, using Cu93.5Zr5.5Ag1 (at.%) alloy powder produced by an argon gas atomization method. The Cu93.5Zr5.5Ag1 alloy sheet has a tensile strength of 1188 MPa and a conductivity of 33.2% IACS, which are similar values to those of Cu-Be alloys. In this paper, we optimize the conditions of the HPR process and reveal the correlation between the microstructure and properties of the Cu-Zr-Ag sheet produced by the HPR process. In addition, we discuss the alloy’s applicability for use as a connecter material.

와이어 하네스의 압착공정에서 설계변수가 압축률에 미치는 영향 연구

Recently industry of motor vehicle is making a gradual progress of automotive electric components. According to this step, wire harness equipped at motor vehicle is also increased. The most important component at the wire harness is electric connector. At the manufacturing process of electric connector, exactly at the crimping process, design variables, such as clamping-height, clamping-width and clamping die shape are critical parameters to assure satisfactory harness shape in clamping process of electric connector. In this study we have performed FEM simulation for clamping process and clarified the effect of design variables on compression rate of wire.

Optimization of Self-organization Model of Electronic Connector under Fretting Wear Based on Taguchi Method

The self-organization model of an electronic connector under fretting wear is studied to explain the invalidation mechanism in fretting wear driven by integrating local rules. The electronic connector under fretting wear is the object to be studied. In order to confirm the local rules of self-organization model of fretting wear and their parameters,Taguchi method is proposed to optimize the self-organization model of an electronic connector under fretting wear. Taguchi method is applied to set up a dominant relationship between the self-organization rules and evaluation function quantitatively. That is to say,the experimental data of an electronic connector under fretting wear is regarded as the evaluation function. And Taguchi method is used to design and solve the simulation of unknown parameters in an integrated rule of the cellular automata model. Thus,from a high quality self-organization model,the invalidation mechanism of an electric connector can be expressed in high precision. Meanwhile,the study and practice on the subject shows that Taguchi method is an effective and simple tool to solve the complicated system based on the integration of a bottom-up self-organization theory and a top-down planning theory.

프레스 금형 마모에 대한 음-초음파 신호 특성 분석

This paper reports on the research which investigates acoustic signals acquired in progressive compressing, hole blanking, shearing and burr compacting process. The work piece is the head pin of the electric connector, whose raw material is the preformed steel bar. An acoustic sensor was set on the bed of hydraulic press. Because the acquired signals include the dynamic characteristics generated for all the processes, it is required to investigate signal characteristics corresponding to unit process. The corresponding dynamic characteristics to the respective process were first studied by analyzing the signals respectively acquired from compressing, blanking and compacting process. The combined signals were then periodically analyzed from the grinding to the grinding in the sound frequency domain and in the ultrasonic wave. The frequency of around 9 kHz in the sound frequency domain was much correlated to the tool wear. The characteristic frequency in the acoustic emission domain between 100 kHz and 500 kHz was not only clearly observed right after tool grinding but its amplitude was also related to the wear. The frequency amplitudes of 160 kHz and 320 kHz were big enough to be classified by the noise. The noise amplitudes are getting bigger, and their energy was much bigger as coming to the next regrinding. The signal analysis was based on the real time data and its frequency spectrum by Fourier Transform. As a result, the acousto-ultrasonic signals were much related to the tool wear progression.

Uso da cinza da casca de arroz como carga em matrizes de poliamida 6 e poliamida 6.6

Este trabalho avalia a utilização da cinza da casca de arroz como carga estrutural em poliamida 6 e poliamida 6.6. Estas matrizes poliméricas são importantes plásticos de engenharia com aplicações em várias áreas. Fez-se uma comparação das propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração, resistência à flexão, resistência ao impacto e a propriedade térmica de fio incandescente entre compostos de poliamida 6 e poliamida 6.6, com 30% de cinza da casca de arroz, e compostos de poliamidas com 30% de talco. Os resultados das propriedades mecânicas e térmica mostraram um comportamento semelhante entre as poliamidas com 30% de cinza da casca de arroz e as poliamidas com 30% de talco. Assim sendo, o uso da cinza da casca de arroz é uma alternativa viável para a substituição do talco como carga, como foi comprovado ao confeccionar um conector elétrico injetado com poliamida 6.6 com 30% de cinza da casca de arroz. Portanto, este trabalho contribui para a diminuição de um problema ambiental, possibilitando o uso da cinza da casca de arroz em processos industriais.

Conflict mitigation in collaborative design

Conflict management is an unavoidable stage of the collaborative design process. We assume that classifying conflict causes can help conflict prevention as well as detection and resolution strategies. Our approach proposes a crossed classification of conflict causes and the correspondent mitigation strategies and implements this classification in order to enable conflict detection in the earlier phases of the design process. Emphasis is put on capture and use of design rationale and knowledge to help conflict mitigation. Based on this approach, a conflict mitigation module integrated in an advanced architecture for concurrent design and manufacturing is presented. A case study on the design of an electric connector illustrates the use of this module.

Thermal behaviour of electric connector coating irradiated by a laser beam

In this work, one dimension unsteady heat problem is resolved to simulate laser treatment of an electric connector coating. The electrochemical gold coating processing is not sufficient to limit the corrosion inside the connector. Thus an excimer laser beam interacts with the surface to recover a regular smooth surface by melting. The laser fluence must be adjusted to ensure the partial melting of the gold coating without its evaporation. The modelling of heat diffusion allows calculating the optimal fluence range (laser energy). Typically, for 0.75μm surface coating on a multilayer metallic substrate, the laser fluence is ranging from 390 to 550mJ/cm2. The temperature profile is also plotted to describe the coating thermal field. Finally, the effect of the heat density (laser intensity) time distribution in the temperature profile and the melting depth is discussed.

Exposure to Tritiated Moisture and Decontamination of Components for ITER Remote Maintenance Equipment

ABSTRACTTypical materials and elements such as carbon steel, grease lubricant, electric cable and AC servomotor for the ITER remote maintenance equipment were exposed to a tritiated moisture environment to choose the appropriate materials from the viewpoint of tritium contamination / decontamination and to contribute to the structural and maintenance design of the remote maintenance equipment. After the test samples were exposed, the concentrations of tritium adsorbed on the samples were measured and decontamination experiments using gas purges with three different moisture concentrations were performed. It was found that metallic oxidized layer (Fe3O4 coated on S45C, slightly rusted SS400, rusted Cu of electric connector of the AC servomotor) adsorbs larger amount of tritiated moisture. Grease lubricant was highly contaminated in proportion to the exposed surface area of the pasted layer. Cable jacket (cross-linked polyethylene) was also highly contaminated in spite of hydrophobicity. This is probably because the jacket contains the filler “white carbon (SiO2·nH2O)” which adsorbs large amount of moisture. Internal parts of the AC servomotor were contaminated in the same level as the outer surface, because tritiated moisture goes into the inside through the sealing gap between casing and brackets.

All-solid-state surfactant sensing electrode using conductive polymer as internal electric contact

An all-solid-state anionic surfactant electrode type was developed using teflonized graphite rods coated with electrochemically prepared polypyrrole film as electric connector support. The measuring membrane of the electrodes was made of ion-pairs formed with the appropriate anionic and cationic surfactants incorporated into plasticized poly(vinylchloride) film. Preparation procedure for the ion-pair is described briefly in the text. The electrochemical properties of the electrode were studied and the function of the electrode was tested. Due to the well defined charge transfer mechanisms at the graphite–polypyrrole-membrane interfaces the surfactant electrode showed good stability. The lower limit of detection was in the range of 0.5–1 μM in case of the different surfactants tested. Due to the relatively fast response time and the good stability of the electrode, a sample rate of 30 sample/h in flow-injection determinations could be achieved.

Design and performance of a modular jack type Mini-MT connector for high-density optical duplex connection

We have developed a modular jack type Mini-MT that employs a compact two-fiber ferrule in a housing. The connector mechanism is similar to that of a conventional electric modular jack type connector. The connector also has a locking mechanism to prevent accidental disconnection and a high packaging density of 2 fibers/cm/sup 2/. Fabricated connectors for single-mode two-fiber ribbons exhibit a low insertion loss of 0.17 dB and a high return loss of more than 40 dB.

Electric vehicle charging connector, connector assembly and electric vehicle charging system

An electric vehicle charging connector used for charging a power battery of an electric vehicle includes connector holder and a display section mounted in an upper portion of the connector holder. The display section includes red and green light-emitting diodes and a seven-segment two-digit numeric display including light-emitting diodes. The red light-emitting diode is turned on while the power battery is being charged. The green light-emitting diode is turned on instead of the red light-emitting diode when charging has been completed. Either the time elapsed after the charging operation has been initiated or the remaining capacity of the power battery is displayed by the numeric display.

Bunch-Shape Monitor for a Picosecond Single-Bunch Beam of a 35 MeV Electron Linear Accelerator

A non-interactive-type bunch-shape and beam intensity monitor for a 35 MeV electron linear accelerator (linac) has been developed. The monitor consists of an electric SMA-type connector and an Al pipe of 50 mm inner diameter. Test measurements of the present monitor have been made under the conditions of the accelerated charges of lower than 27 nC/pulse and the pulse width ranging from 6 to 30 ps (Full Width at Half Maximum). The results show that the present monitor is applicable to bunch-shape measurement of the picosecond single-bunch beam. The monitor output is also found to be proportional to the beam intensity of more than 0.05 nC/pulse.

超高出力半導体レーザ

Super high power semiconductor laser is introduced. The structure is very small and supported by semiconductor manufacturing technologies. Widening its spot size and improving the lasing structure, power level higher than 10W is commercially available. Typically available wavelengths are 680nm and 800nm given by the bandgap of semiconductor material. The package consisting of laser chip, thermo electric cooler and output fiber connector is available. Applications in medical field are just started and expected to be spread by cooperation of laser makers and medical specialists.

Insulation enhancement with heat-shrinkable components. III. Shielded power cable

For pt.II see ibid., vol.7, no.3, p.16 (1991). Heat-shrinkable accessories for shielded power cable, including details of the necessary components for reliable terminations and joints, are described. The key functions of terminations are outlined, and the requirements for stress control, external leakage insulation, and environmental sealing and how they are met and examined. A similar discussion for joints focuses on control of the electric field, connector insulation and restoration of the shield, environmental sealing, and oil-barrier components. Applications of the joints and terminations, performance requirements and standards, and cable accessory enhancements are discussed. >

Surface Roughening of Copper Alloy Sheet by High-Speed Compression.

An electric connector is produced by press working with a progressive die. The surface of the workpiece is roughened by the compression process, which is harmful to the subsequent gold plating. The behaviour of the surface roughening of Cu-Ni-Sn alloy with 0.645 mm thickness was examined through the changes in the oil viscosity, the velocity and the grain size of the workpiece with a drop tester and conventional presses. The roughening was caused by the squeeze effect of trapped oil between the surfaces. The roughness increased with increases in the reduction rate of the thickness, the velocity and the grain size. After having the minimum value at 30 cSt, the roughness generally increased with the oil viscosity. The roughening behaviour by the drop tester was almost the same as that on the free surface appeared by the tensile test.

The Change in Macroscopic Surface Morphology of Copper Alloy Sheet by High-Speed Compression.

An electric connector is produced by press working with a progressive die. The surface of the workpiece is roughened by the compression process, and this roughness is harmful to the subsequent gold plating. Before clarifying this roughening mechanism, the deformation properties of a copper alloy with 0.645mm thickness in high-speed compression and the change in the macroscopic surface morphology, which affected the microscopic surface roughening, were examined in this study by a drop tester. The impact velocity and the impact energy were varied. The viscosity of the lubricant was also changed. The reduction ratio of the thickness of the workpiece was affected by the viscosity of the lubricant. The surface morphology was classified into five types depending on impact velocity and viscosity. Surface upheaval was observed when the lubricant flew out between the surfaces. Surface depression was caused by the squeeze effect of the lubricant.