Electric Backup Research Articles

Construction of Hydrogen Fuel Backup Power Supply System based on Data Communication Technology

The study presents a comprehensive examination of integrating hydrogen gas cells into backup electricity systems, strengthened by superior records verbal exchange technologies. This modern approach targets to address the growing interest for reliable and sustainable strength sources within the context of developing issues about environmental sustainability and the restrictions of traditional fossil gasoline-based totally power structures. On the middle of this studies is the improvement of a hydrogen gasoline cellular-based totally backup strength device. Hydrogen fuel cells, regarded for his or her excessive strength performance and low environmental impact, offer a promising opportunity to standard energy resources. The device leverages the inherent advantages of hydrogen as a clean strength carrier, making sure reduced carbon emissions and greater energy safety. A giant component of this have a look at is the combination of contemporary data communication generation. This integration facilitates real-time tracking and control of the electricity gadget, ensuring surest performance and reliability. Advanced statistics analytics are hired to are expecting energy demand, reveal gas cell health, and optimize the machine’s operation. This approach no longer handiest complements the performance of the energy supply but also ensures a unbroken transition between the number one energy supply and the backup device at some point of outages. The studies methodology encompasses a blend of theoretical analysis and realistic experimentation. Simulation models are used to test the device’s efficacy underneath numerous scenarios, followed via a prototype implementation to validate the theoretical findings. The look at also explores the monetary viability and scalability of the proposed machine, making it relevant for big adoption.

Implementasi PLTS sebagai Supply Listrik Alternatif pada Fasilitas Masjid Qoryah Thoyyibah Kandang Limun

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia has long encouraged the use of renewable energy, but in fact there are still many people who use primary energy. Seeing this, the idea emerged from the Community Service Team by Bengkulu University lecturers to design and implement Solar Power Plants (PLTS). This renewable energy idea was implemented at the Qoryah Thoyyibah mosque, Kandang Limun Kota Bengkulu. The purpose of this service is the implementation of Appropriate Technology, namely PLTS for alternative energy supply at the Qoryah Thoyibah Mosque facility. So that if there is a power outage by PLN, the facilities at the Qoryah Thoyyibah Mosque can still operate according to their functions. This service method is carried out by two methods, namely counseling and implementation of PLTS Appropriate Technology. It is hoped that in the future by designing and building PLTS as an alternative energy source at the Qoryah Thoyyibah Kandang Limun mosque in Bengkulu City, the backup electricity supply will be fulfilled and we will not always depend on PLN, besides that it can also reduce the monthly cost of electricity at the Qoryah Thoyyibah Mosque. The result of Community Service activities with the 2023 Development scheme is that PLTS has been installed with an AC source to operate lighting lamps with a capacity of 100 WP for PLTS and lamps of 800 Watts. So that it can be operated as a source of lighting for Qoryah Thoyyibah mosque facilities in a state where there is no source from PLN.

Kajian Teknis Kebutuhan Genset sebagai Sumber Energi Cadangan di UNTAG Surabaya

To fulfil the needs of electricity, UNTAG Surabaya Building uses electrical energy derived from PLN. But, the provision of electrical energy from PLN unable to constantly supply electrical energy without interruption. So, to overcome it, it’s obligatory to have an electrical energy back-up system in the form of a Genset so electrical energy for building needs is preserved. The Genset works automatically, so when PLN's electrical energy goes out, the generator will immediately work. Conversely, if PLN's electrical energy back to normal, the generator will stop working. Because the electrical energy back-up system at UNTAG Surabaya has been working for really long, it’s obligatory to evaluate also re-analyze the generator back-up system. The analysis is carried out by performing calculations assisted by the ETAP simulation program. For generator efficiency, it is still quite good, which is only 68.25%., because the generator only supplies loads that are an urgent priority. From the simulation results, the load must be provide by the generator is 273.04kW/341.3kVA and the generator capacity used is 400kW/500kVA. In that case, the performance of the genset is still within the limits of its capabilities.

Perencanaan dan Evaluasi Sistem Penyulang Ganda Sebagai Backup Power Supply PT. X

In order to meet the needs of electrical energy, PT X. receives electricity supply from PLN as the main source while the generator with a total capacity of 2.228,5 KVA as a backup electricity supply. PT X plans to procure a double feeder as a backup power supply to replace the generator set in the hope of getting a more economical backup power supply. So, the purpose of this study are analyzing the planning and technical calculations for the construction of a premium feeder, analyzing the comparisono f the use of generator setting with double feeder from economic point of view, and analyzing the comparison of the efficiency of using generator setting with the use double feeder. The method used in this study was the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) method to determine the value of the rate of return on investment while the SAIDI – SAIFI data was used to determine the reability of the feeder. The result of this research is the double feeder using MVTIC type construction. For Rp/kWh, the use of premium service, namely B3/TM customers is Rp. 1.162,78 per kWh and B2/TM Rp. 1.574,7 per kWh, while Rp/kWh generator setting is Rp. 4.003 per kWh. Meanwhile the double feeder IRR values is 44% and the generator setting is 24%. So, it is more efficient to use PLN premium service.

Performance investigation of a hybrid solar dryer with electric and biogas backup air heaters for chilli drying

Solar drying is an efficient, low-cost, and environmentally-friendly post-harvesting process. This work presents the experimental investigation on drying of red chili using two different types of hybrid mode solar dryers: Electric Hybrid Mode Solar Dryer (EHMSD) and Biogas Hybrid Mode Solar Dryer (BHMSD). In both modes, a cabinet-type drying chamber is integrated with two different auxiliary backup air heaters that can operate with electricity and biogas. From initial no-load experiments, the optimized mass flow rate of the dryer was estimated as 0.03 kg/s. Then, red chilli was dried from an initial moisture content of 70.2% (w.b.) to a final moisture content of 17.7% (w.b.) within 16 hr in the EHMSD and 14 hr in the BHMSD. However, in Open Sun Drying (OSD) experiments, the red chilli samples reached only 40.2% (w.b.) requiring twice the drying time compared to the dryer. Moreover, the variation in drying rate and exergy were estimated for chilli drying in both the dryers. The maximum value of the effective moisture diffusivity (2.73 × 10−9 m2/s) was observed in BHMSD samples, which was four times higher than that of the OSD samples. Moreover, the efficiency of BHMSD was found to be 6% higher than that of EHMSD.The estimated exergy destruction in BHMSD and EHMSD was 26.7% and 30.8% of the net input exergy. BHMSD also offers energy savings by utilizing biogas as an auxiliary heating source instead of electricity. Therefore, the novel BHMSD can be an eco-efficient and sustainable alternative to the traditional EHMSD from the perspective of energy sustainability.

Implementation of a 3-phase grid-coupled solar electricity and back-up system at Mulanje Mission Hospital, Malawi.

In this report we describe the implementation of a new electricity supply system at Mulanje Mission Hospital, Malawi, which integrates the use of grid electricity, solar-generated electricity and battery back-up. To realize the system, suppliers from several countries had to be used and external expertise and funding were vital. The completed system provides reliable and good quality electricity to all departments in the hospital, prioritizing essential equipment when needed. Implementation of the system has reduced cost of electricity bills by 60%, ended black-outs and extended longevity of electrical equipment. We describe our approach, the materials used and results with challenges and recommendations to governments, donors interested in hospital infrastructure and other health facilities operating in similar circumstances. Others in similar settings can benefit from the experiences documented.

Water Supply and Firefighting: Early Lessons from the 2023 Maui Fires

Even though drinking water utilities are not meant to fight wildfires, they quickly become stakeholders, if not first responders, when their resources are needed for firefighting. The August 2023 wildfires on the island of Maui, Hawaii, USA, have highlighted weaknesses at this intersection. While attention has focused on the wildfire causes or water quality impacts afterward, few studies have analyzed the response. We review this extreme case to support disaster-response lessons for water utilities and to guide further research and policy. First, emergency water releases were not available in a timely manner. Second, fire and wind toppled power lines, causing power outages that inhibited pumping water. Third, many structures were a total loss despite water doused on them, consuming valuable water. Finally, water was lost through damaged premise plumbing in burned structures, further reducing system pressure. These conditions emphasize that water utilities need to access emergency water supplies quickly, establish reliable backup electricity, coordinate with firefighters on priority water uses, and shut valves in burned areas to preserve water. While further research will certainly follow, we present these early lessons as starting points.

Disruptions, Redundancy Strategies, and Performance of Small Firms: Evidence from Uganda

We study the impact of firm-specific business disruptions on the performance of small emerging market firms and test the effectiveness of building in redundancies to buffer against disruptions. Managerial disruptions result in the absence of the entrepreneur-owner, whereas operational disruptions lead to a shortage of critical resources, for example, inventory or electricity. We propose the use of relational redundancy—that is, the availability of a trusted and capable person with whom the entrepreneur-owner has an existing relationship, who can manage the business in his or her absence—to recover from managerial disruptions. We also examine whether resource redundancy—for example, maintaining safety stock or electricity backup—helps recover from operational disruptions. In the absence of publicly available data, we hand-built a panel data set by interviewing 646 randomly selected small firms over four time periods in Kampala, Uganda. We find that disruptions are highly prevalent and have a statistically and economically significant effect on firm performance. When a firm faces multiple exogenous and severe disruptions in a six-month period, its monthly sales decrease by 13.8% (p = 0.013), and its sales growth decreases by 18.8 percentage points (p = 0.070). Importantly, we find that both managerial and resource redundancies can help firms build resilience against the negative impact of disruptions. In some cases, firms with high levels of redundancy are able to completely overcome the negative effect of disruptions on sales and sales growth. We discuss implications for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and large multinationals that buy from or sell to small emerging market firms. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management. Funding: This research was supported by grants from: Deloitte Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (DIIE), the John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Faculty Scholar award, London Business School, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford Institute for Innovation in Developing Economies (SEED), and STARS Foundation. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4978 .

Techno-economic feasibility analysis of a commercial grid-connected photovoltaic plant with battery energy storage-achieving a net zero energy system

Grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) plants with battery energy storage system, are being increasingly utilised worldwide for grid stability and sustainable electricity supplies. In this context, a comprehensive feasibility analysis of a grid connected photovoltaic plant with energy storage, is presented as a case study in India. A novel smart net-zero energy management system is developed to reduce grid and fossil fuel-based backup electricity consumption during power outages and peak load shaving by controlling peak load demand A life cycle cost-benefit and levelized cost of energy (LCoE) analysis, is presented for five optimised photovoltaic plants with battery energy storage systems, with and without net metering regimes. The Solar Labs and PVSyst softwares are used for system planning and energy generation estimation followed by HOMER grid software and Excel sheet-based financial models for system optimisation and cost-benefit analysis. The sensitivity analysis is carried out considering most sensitive parameters to identify the best option. The results found a 200 kWp photovoltaic plant with 250-kWh battery energy storage system with net metering, as the best-optimised option with energy generation cost of INR 4.21/kWh, with 6.15 years payback period. The study results can be followed for sustainable solar power generation for commercial grid connected PV power plants worldwide.

Electrolyte Additives for Reversible Dissolution/Deposition of Mn2+/Mn4+ in a Zinc-Manganese Flow Battery

Due to its adaptability in scaling up, a redox flow battery (RFB) is seen to be one of the finest options for large-scale electrical backup systems. As a result, it is feasible to create RFB systems that are both cost and performance effective. Recently, a zinc-manganese RFB that relies on Zn(s)/Zn2+(aq) and Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 redox couples has gained attention since both zinc and manganese are cheap, abundant, and eco-friendly. However, the reversibility of Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 at the positive electrode is limited by the formation of Mn3+ species upon charge/discharge (CD) cycling, resulting in severe capacity fading. Herein, this study examines the use of reducing agents as electrolyte additives to enhance the reversibility of the Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 reaction. Experimental results indicate that sulfuric acid and oxalic acid as additives can significantly improve the reversibility of the Mn2+(aq)/MnO2 reaction and the cycling stability of zinc-manganese RFBs. The acetate-based system demonstrates better reversible reaction than the sulfate-based system having more than 100 CD cycles at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Coulombic efficiency (CE) is also seen to be higher than 90%. Overall, results lead to increased efficiency and cycling stability for zinc-manganese RFBs.

Optimal generation planning in a micro-grid for supplying electrical and thermal loads in order to reduce pollutant emissions

The depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns have propelled the need for renewable energy sources. Micro-grids (MGs) have emerged as a viable solution for utilizing these resources effectively. This paper addresses the unit sizing problem for a two MG system using an intelligent method that considers air pollution emissions while catering to electrical and thermal loads. The MG incorporates photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WTs), and a storage energy system comprising an electrolyzer, hydrogen tank, and fuel cell (FC) for combined heat and power (CHP) generation. In cases of excess power generation, an electric heater and backup boiler are employed to meet thermal loads. To account for air pollutant emissions, it is considered as a cost constraint in the objective function. Reliability is ensured by incorporating load curtailment costs as a limiting constraint. The MG is simulated in both islanding and grid-connected modes, with a generation planning program considering load growth. The IEEE RTS data is used for a peak 500 kW electrical load, and seasonal climate changes are factored in when deriving the thermal load. The modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is employed to find the global optimal solution. This research addresses key motivations, problems, and solutions in the field of renewable energy-based MGs. It introduces hydrogen tanks and batteries as storage systems to enhance system reliability. The integration of complementary energy sources, such as wind and solar, is proposed to improve system reliability and affordability. The use of batteries, solar, wind, and boilers for electrical and thermal load provision is more economically viable than hydrogen storage due to fuel prices. The proposed model significantly reduces pollution, enhances efficiency, decreases MG costs, and reduces dependence on fossil fuels. Integration with the grid reduces boiler usage, minimizes additional wasted power, generates income from power sales, and further reduces costs. Optimal size determination reveals the affordability challenges of wind and solar sources compared to microturbines, necessitating government intervention through subsidies or penalties for polluting resources. The results demonstrate that increasing subsidies expands the use of wind and solar resources, while the growth of fuel prices impacts resource size and necessitates storage use. Fine-tuning the penalty factor reduces pollution, but exceeding the limit reduces the adoption of renewables. Lastly, interest rate increases influence resource installations in different stages of the development plan. The outcomes of this study highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model in addressing the challenges of MG design, operation, and integration of renewable energy sources. The findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable energy systems and provide valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in the field.

ANALYSIS OF SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN THE PT. SUMEDANG TELEVISI UTAMA BUILDING AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE

Indonesia is a tropical region with significant solar energy potential, where the average daily sunlight reaches 4.5 - 4.8 kWh/m²/day. This makes solar energy one of the promising forms of renewable energy worthy of development. The instability of electricity supply from the national grid (PLN) is a prevalent issue across various regions. PT. Sumedang Televisi Utama (SMTV), a television broadcasting company, frequently encounters disruptions in TV broadcasts due to power supply issues originating from PLN. Hence, this research holds the urgency to explore alternatives that can provide electricity supply during interruptions in the PLN power distribution. The contribution of this study lies in the development of a practical and applicable Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant (PLTS) module. With the implementation of this module, it is anticipated that PT. Sumedang Televisi Utama (SMTV) and other entities can have a backup electricity supply source, mitigating the impact of power supply disturbances from PLN. Suggesions for further research include delving deeper into the efficiency and performance assessment of the designed PLTS module under various environmental conditions and weather patterns that are typical in Indonesia. Furthermore, subsequent research could focus on integrating a more effective energy storage system with the PLTS module, thereby maximizing solar energy utilization even during periods of limited sunlight. This endeavor would enhance the resilience and availability of alternative power supply during instances of disruptions in the national grid (PLN) distribution.

Sustainable solutions for healthcare facilities: examining the viability of solar energy systems

The healthcare sector is responsible for a significant portion of global carbon dioxide emissions, accounting for approximately 5% of the total. As energy demand in the sector continues to rise, sustainable solutions are urgently needed. Hospitals and healthcare facilities require a range of engineering services, including heat ventilation and air conditioning systems, hot and domestic water supply systems, and backup electricity systems. These energy-intensive services offer an excellent opportunity to integrate renewable energy sources and reduce the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities. This study presents a case study of a hospital located in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) that utilizes a solar-collected water-heated system. The research aims to investigate the impact of adding multi-solar collector and photovoltaic systems to healthcare facilities, analyze the system’s thermodynamic efficiency in terms of energy and exergy, assess its technical and economic viability, and gauge the adoption rate of solar systems by healthcare technical departments. The results demonstrate that the solar thermal system provides around 12% of the total energy needed for the hot water system, while the solar PV system contributes approximately 29.6% of the total load for the HVAC system. This study explores the potential of using solar energy systems in healthcare facilities in the GCC region, analyzing their technical, thermodynamic, and economic viability. It promotes the adoption of solar systems in GCC and Middle East healthcare facilities and identifies research gaps related to solar systems implementation in healthcare facilities in the GCC. The study highlights the potential benefits of solar energy systems in terms of energy efficiency, cost savings, and environmental sustainability, with implications for healthcare facilities in the region and beyond. By utilizing renewable energy in healthcare facilities, the sector can reduce its carbon footprint and contribute to a more sustainable future.

AUTOMATED TEMPERATUREAND HUMIDITY CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE IN DRYING SYSTEM

Temperature and relative humidity are the key control parameters in drying processes for preserving and improving food quality. To achieve this goal, an automatic control system has been designed and built to provide adequate heat and drying streams according to the ambient requirements of various climatic zones and the kind of dried product. The control system combined with sensors allows the temperature and humidity of the drying chamber to be adjusted online by predetermined parameters. When there is little or no radiation present or when rapid drying rates are required, the heated air stream may be produced utilizing an electric motor fan in addition to an electrical backup heater. The fan automatically modifies its speed using the Pulse Width Modulationtechniquefor energy efficiency depending on the required temperature of the drying chamber. The control system based on Arduino Uno board is built within the solar dryer, after which tests are carried out. The test results are displayed on a display. Themanagement system was set up to maintain an ambient temperature between 40 and 60 °C andrelative humidity between 10 and 20 %. The system is a flexible solution for different climatic zones and dried products, according to experimental findings demonstratingits efficiency in managing the drying environment. Finally, this paper can conserve energy because it only works when the temperature around the food is below 60 oC.

Saving Lives Under Fire: The Extraordinary Efforts of ICU Health Professionals in the Ukrainian War

Amid the Ukrainian War, the heroes of the intensive care unit (ICU) - doctors, nurses, respiratory therapists, and many others - valiantly confront unprecedented challenges, showcasing resilience and dedication in the face of adversity. Despite limited resources and electricity backup issues, these health professionals worked tirelessly to provide life-saving care to critically ill patients, including those with gunshot wounds, shrapnel injuries, burns, and traumatic brain injuries. The article highlights the need to denounce attacks on medical personnel during conflicts, and strategies for supporting ICU health professionals in war zones are suggested, including hazard pay, comprehensive insurance coverage, safety training and equipment, support networks and mental health services, and ongoing education and professional development. The heroic efforts of ICU health professionals during times of war highlight the crucial role they play in healthcare systems worldwide.

Prospective roles for green hydrogen as part of Ireland's decarbonisation strategy

In recent decades, governments and society have been making increasing efforts to address and mitigate climate change by reducing emissions and decarbonising energy generation. Ireland has invested greatly in renewable electricity, installing 4 GW of wind capacity since 2002, and has set assertive energy targets, such as the aim to reduce overall emissions by 51% by 2030. Nonetheless, considerable acceleration is needed in the decarbonisation of the country's energy sector. This paper investigates the potential role hydrogen can play in Ireland's energy transition, proposing hydrogen as an energy vector and storage medium that may help the country achieve its targets and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Through literature review, research and from industry insights, the current state of the Irish energy sector is analysed, and recommendations are made as to how, where and when hydrogen can be integrated into the decarbonisation of Ireland's electricity, heating and transport. It is concluded that; with significant effort from the government, policymakers, industry and organisations; the effective deployment of hydrogen technologies in Ireland could avoid up to 6.1 MtCO2eq of emissions annually, reflecting a trend observed in many other developed countries in which hydrogen plays an important part in the path to a low-carbon future. Prospective roles for hydrogen in Ireland include renewable energy storage and grid balancing through the deployment of Power-to-Gas systems, a replacement for fossil natural gas in the gas grid for backup electricity production as well as industry and heating requirements, and the use of hydrogen as a fuel for heavy transport.

Assessment of passive and active buildings resilience to gas supply disruption in winter across European climates

The energy performance of buildings is strongly influenced by several foreseeable and unforeseeable events during the operation phase, including natural hazards or energy supply disruptions. The increase of these events has raised attention on resilience, identified as the capability of buildings to react to such events guaranteeing the continuation of their operations.This paper investigates the resilience of residential reference buildings sited in different European climates (Athens, Berlin, Madrid, Turin, Stockholm). It simulates an eventual disruption of gas supply during winter carrying out energy dynamic simulations. Proposing new metrics to assess the building resilience, this paper quantifies the passive and active resilience of the main building components, both envelope and HVAC systems. It also analyses the effect of retrofit interventions on building resilience depending on climate. Results enlighten possible emergency interventions with backup electricity solutions to be activated to guarantee minimum services during the disruptive event associated with climate or geopolitical issues. The importance of increasing self-sufficiency in buildings through renewable energy sources is emphasized to favour the continuation of services in case of energy supply interruption. Finally, the link with energy security and independence is outlined together with possible strategies to increase the building stock resilience in Europe.

Anesthesia in Low-Resourced Settings. Near Misses and Lessons Learned

Physician training requires the highest intelligence quotient of all professions to assimilate the vast amounts of complex knowledge required. The most critical decision-making medical specialty is anesthesiology, which requires much art of practicing medicine. That art is acquired via experience from years of medical practice.Clinical experience can also be gleaned from studying these 90 case reports in Brock-Utne’s book, Anesthesia in Low-Resourced Settings. These cases are from third-world countries, but any of these situations could also occur in American Ivy League University hospitals.Limited hospital night staff can be overwhelmed by a sudden influx of gunshot trauma cases and force one to care for emergency patients outside one’s regular working expertise. Another time one could be working remote from the hospital’s fully equipped main operating room complex in a small-case specialty single operating room. Then a crisis arises needing additional drugs and devices taking 20 min to be transported to that remote venue. Innovative temporary medical measures will be required. Power failures can occur without backup electricity. Suction systems can fail. Gas delivery can fail. An anesthesia machine can fail. A device may develop a problem not foreseen by its designers. Low-resourced settings can occur in a flash moment anywhere in the world, even in rich countries.This book’s cases challenge anesthesiologists’ training, intellect, and resourcefulness. This book is rich in wisdom. Before doing “mission medical work,” all anesthesiologists should read this book. There is a summarizing list of pearls of wisdom in the book. Reading that list may save one patient’s life in your career. I read the book in 2 days. Reading this book should be mandatory for anesthesia trainees nearing graduation. Anesthesiologists at any career point will read lessons echoing some anesthesia mishap they have experienced and wish they had read this book earlier in their careers.The deficient resources can be:This is the most valuable case in the book.A 29-yr-old woman fell off a moving train. When she arrived at a midsize Somali hospital, she was hypotensive, in pain, and tachycardic. She had fractures of the T10 vertebra, right humerus, the pelvis, and five right-side ribs with a right-side hemopneumothorax. A large-bore right subclavian multi-lumen access cordis venous cannula and an intercostal chest drain were immediately inserted. The pleural cavity drained 1,500 ml of blood. Additional peripheral venous access catheters were inserted.The anesthesiologist administered 4 units of blood. The blood pressure improved, but the centralized venous pressure measured via the subclavian cannula stayed at zero. Intercostal blood continued to drain and worried the thoracic surgeon, who urgently wanted to operate to stop the bleeding. The international normalized ratio (INR) test for clotting, of a sample withdrawn for the right-subclavian vein cannula, measured 2.3 (N = less than 1.1 when not on warfarin).The anesthesiologist worried about the darkness of the ongoing draining chest blood and the inexplicable high INR test result. The thoracotomy found no active bleeding source. A repeat INR test sample drawn from the femoral vein revealed a normal INR test of 1.1. The right subclavian cannula was intrapleural, and the persistent draining dark blood was subclavian catheter transfused blood. The first INR test had been done on the trauma intrapleural blood.A patient underwent general anesthesia with intubation using a wire-reinforced flexible endotracheal tube. On awakening, the patient bit firmly on the tube and occluded it, bending the reinforcing wire. After the biting relaxed, the tube was still entirely blocked from the crimping of the reinforcing wire. The patient’s chest started to heave as he struggled to breathe past the sustained endotracheal tube obstruction.Fully deflate the endotracheal tube cuff. That frees up about 40% of the cross-sectional area of the trachea for the patient to breathe past the outside of the endotracheal tube.Soon this patient woke up and was safely extubated. The problem is preventable by initially placing a bite-block or a Guedel airway in the mouth beside the endotracheal tube.After reading this book, many will recall many forgotten pearls of wisdom. Dr. Brock-Utne is a rare and superbly trained physician anesthesiologist who has worked extensively in third-world circumstances. He is an Emeritus full clinical professor from Stanford University in California. He is the epitome of a clinically expert scientist. His book is recommended to read.

The performance enhancement of solar cooker integrated with photovoltaic module and evacuated tubes using ZnO/Acalypha Indica leaf extract: response surface study analysis.

In this study, the effect of employing ZnO/Acalypha Indica leaf extract (ZAE) on the energy absorption of a coated portable solar cooker has been examined using an experimental setup. A prototypical model has been developed to corroborate in associating an investigative outcome per constituents of the experiments. The studied heat transfer process in ZAE is stable for harsh conditions. The design analysis and an estimation of the system performance were done given various parameters including the pressure of the vacuum envelope, bar plate coating digestion, emissivity, and solar rays. The fabricated solar was tested with and without ZAE to investigate the impact of this coating material on the solar cooker's thermal performance. To observe the performance of the new design, two figures of merit (F1 and F2) have been introduced. The factual food cooking assessments were for a family of four people, which operated in ZAE coating (0.8, 1.0, 1.2 μm) of the solar cooker. The values of F1 and F2 for the proposed cooker were obtained as 0.1520 and 0.4235, respectively, which is intact with the BIS values. The results revealed that employing ZAE instead of a thermal NHC-PV solar cooker reduced the time required to boil 2 L of water for about 47 min. The overall thermal energy productivity of the solar cooker with electrical backup was obtained as 42.65%, indicating that the ZAE coating can improve the thermal efficiency by 10.35%.

Parametric modeling of re-electrification by green hydrogen as an alternative to backup power

Electricity backup systems are needed to address the temporary grid failure, short-term electricity supply at the locations without grids, power surges, and massive blackouts. These power backup technologies include a combination of batteries and generators operating mostly on fossil fuels. Concerns regarding instant start capability with generators, noise, and mainly due to carbon emissions have encouraged to look for alternatives with low carbon technologies based on renewable energy sources. Stored electricity from solar, wind and other renewable sources are emerging and cost-competitive alternatives to fossil fuels-based power backup systems. Due to the high energy density, unlimited production source, and easy storage and transportation, hydrogen is emerging as an effective and efficient energy carrier and its applications for an alternative to power supply systems. Hydrogen produced from the electrolysis of water by renewable electricity makes it green and has minimum carbon emissions among the other alternatives and operates in real-time startups with no mechanical noise.Fuel cell is a growing technology and has the potential to channelize hydrogen energy as an alternative to carbon-intensive power supply systems. In a fuel cell, hydrogen combines with oxygen and produces electricity. The fuel cell is a robust design with several parameters that control its operation and capacity. This paper identifies the parameter-based modeling approach to establish a connection of power demand with hydrogen production. A mathematical model for system sizing of hydrogen production and fuel cell for re-electrification for a reference case is developed.