Election Administration Research Articles

Social Differentiation and ‘Accumulation from Above’ in Zimbabwe’s Politicised Agrarian Landscape

The fast-track land reform programme in Zimbabwe radically transformed the country’s agrarian structure from one dominated by white-owned, large-scale farms to one dominated by a large group of black family farmers. Since 2017, a set of explanations has emerged that attempts to explain processes of social differentiation in the countryside. These explanations are predominantly informed by a materialist approach and conceptualise this process as accumulation from below, whereby the resettled farmers become internally differentiated through their own agricultural production resulting in different ‘class formations’. This materialist approach focuses on relations of production on the farm but does not pay close attention to the role of wider state practices and political processes involved in shaping accumulation dynamics in highly politicised agrarian landscapes. This paper argues that processes of social differentiation in Zimbabwe cannot be adequately studied in isolation from the political developments of the post-2000 period, when the state increasingly became reconfigured as a site of violence and patronage legitimated by patriotic history narratives. Based on new evidence on the 2007–08 state-led farm mechanisation scheme that was intended to distribute farm equipment to resettled farmers, I argue that the processes of differentiation largely took the form of preferential access to farming equipment both at the national and local levels. I term this ‘accumulation from above’ by patronage clients of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic Front) (ZANU[PF]). These clients include grassroots and senior party members or those linked to it, cabinet ministers, judges, members of the security sector, civil servants, national election administrators and traditional leaders who in turn sustain ZANU(PF)’s political hegemony in an unstable political agrarian landscape.

THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE WORK CULTURE ON ELECTION ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT IN THE GENERAL ELECTION COMMISSION OF PASAMAN REGENCY

This research aims to see the influence of work culture on the management of election administration in the General Election Commission of Pasaman Regency. In this study, the authors conducted a study on the stages of updating voter data and compiling voter lists. The method used is quantitative methods. This research focused on the stages of compiling the voter list and updating the voter list. The study populations were all employees who were members of the Election Commission General Pasaman District, the sample was taken by total sampling, namely employees who were civil servants and non civil servants, as many as 36 people. Data collection techniques in this study the author obtained from a questionnaire, the statement items in the research questionnaire were made using scale measurement Likert. The data obtained were then analyzed by using technique regression linear simple. The results showed that there is a significant influence between work culture variables on the management of election administration, with an R squer value of 69.9% and a significant value of 0.000 which indicates a significant effect, and the T test with a value of 0.000 so that it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho rejected, and for each indicator from work culture, namely leadership, appearance, time awareness, appreciation and recognition, as well as values and beliefs also affect election administration management with a significant value of 0.000 which means work culture has a significant effect on administrative management.

The Query Of The Sanctions For Enforcement Of Money Politics In Indonesia

General elections, which are held on a regular basis to elect leaders in a country, are a sign of a democracy. The ruling of the Constitutional Court, which specifies that elections in Indonesia be held concurrently, both national and local elections, undoubtedly produces dynamics and obstacles in election administration. It is evident that the practice of electoral fraud is inextricably linked to the conduct of elections in Indonesia. Starting with indirect elections, Indonesia has now moved on to direct elections. Because the execution is simultaneous and simultaneous, the concentration of election organizers and supervisors is split. Although there is already an Election lAW that regulates law enforcement for election offenses, the existence of these provisions is regarded ineffective and inefficient in areas where there are still numerous frauds in elections, including money politics. This paper will look at the regulation of vote buying (money politics) and how sanctions are used. Using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal texts, this study employs a normative legal writing technique. This study concludes that the regulation of criminal punishments in money politics fraud has been regulated in Elections Law Number 7 of 2017. Although infractions of legal politics are restricted under the a quo Law, these arrangements have not been totally effective in limiting the degree of election violations and crimes, particularly money politics. As a result, it should be reconsidered by considering other administrative fines for political parties or candidate candidates in order to offer a greater deterrent impact.

Making the Vote (In)Accessible: Election Administration Laws and Turnout Among People with Disabilities

ABSTRACT Approximately 12.7% of Americans are considered to have a disability. Yet, despite belonging to a potentially significant voting bloc, people with disabilities report high rates of abstention from voting. Prior research examining difficulties those with disabilities can have in casting a ballot find that convenience voting reforms, such as mail-in voting rules, may increase the likelihood that an individual with a disability reports voting. States offer a variety of methods in which voters may cast a mail-in ballot and they vary in restrictiveness, raising the question of how these election administration laws affect turnout rates among people with disabilities. We examine the effects of state election administration laws on voter turnout at the state and individual levels for people with disabilities and compare them to their effects on the non-disabled population for the years 2008–2020. We find that convenience voting reforms such as same-day registration and election-day registration boost turnout for both populations by similar magnitudes while all mail elections decrease the turnout gap between people with disabilities and the non-disabled. We also find that strict photo identification laws have disparate effects on people with disabilities, similar to prior findings on marginalized groups.

Improving the Functions of the Election Supervisory Body Through Participatory Supervision

This study aims to determine enhancing the function of the election supervisory body through participatory supervision. The method used in this research is empirical research methodology and uses a qualitative approach as well as descriptive and qualitative analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that increasing participatory supervision of the functions of the election supervisory body is carried out with two kinds of programs, the first is socialization which aims to build public awareness that they have an obligation to guard their right to vote in elections by participating in supervising the stages of the election administration. While the second is the corner of supervision can be interpreted as a center for the development of science and knowledge about democracy and election supervision.

An Assessment of Election Administration in Zambia, 1991-2011

The purpose of this study was to establish whether there had been an improvement in the governance of electoral processes in Zambia, in tandem with democratic principles, between 1991 and 2011. The study used interview material and secondary data on election administration activities gathered from Electoral Commission of Zambia (ECZ) documents on electoral laws and regulations, as well as election monitors and observers’ reports. The investigation was centred on five core election administration activities, namely voter registration, monitoring funding of political parties, collaborating with the media, validating election results, and electoral conflict prevention and management. The article utilised the democratic governance theory and principles embedded in the principles for election management, monitoring and observation (PEMMO) to examine the performance of the ECZ in these five core election administration activities during the period under consideration. Based on the democratic gauge, the study found that the performance of the ECZ in election administration was worse between 1991 and 2006 but significant improvements were attained from 2006 to 2011. Subsequently, in 2016, the Constitution of Zambia was amended and the electoral laws were repealed and replaced.

Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilu: Tantangan dan Tawaran

The development of digital technology provides efficiency in all lines of life, including in the administration of elections. This spirit was later adopted by the General Elections Commission (KPU) by collecting the voters’ personal data and providing information about the election. However, in addition to providing convenience, the use of this technology also come with its own challenges, such as the leakage of election participants’ personal data. In this regards, the DPR has passed Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (UU PDP). Therefore, legal protection is needed for the protection of the personal data of election participants in 2024. The problems that will be examined in this paper are the challenges faced by the KPU in protecting the personal data of election participants and forms of legal protection for the personal data of election participants in 2024. The method used in this writing is normative juridical by analyzing the PDP Law and collecting literature and literature review. The results in this study conclude that there are 3 challenges faced by the KPU before the PDP Law was passed, which are: the data scattered at every stage of the election administration; the regulations that have not been maximized; and the personal data protection literacy has not become knowledge and awareness among voters, organizers, data participants. Meanwhile, legal protection for the personal data of election participants in 2024 is carried out through PKPU No. 6 of 2021 and the PDP Law.

Lessons from The Politics of Ballot Design: A Review Article

WHEN THE 2000 ELECTION REVEALED WEAKNESSES in U.S. election administration, scholars gathered what they knew about the topic. While scholars had not done extensive research on election administration issues, there was some: training election officials,1 punchcard voting machines,2 roll-off,3 straight-party voting,4 the consequences of the Australian ballot,5 and, of course, ballot design.6 Research conducted in the wake of the 2000 election made it starkly clear that because of the hyper-decentralization of elections in the United States, data were not centralized, nor were concepts consistently defined. Even data basic to an election, such as “voter turnout,” was not consistently defined across states or local jurisdictions. Scholars went to work. Elections and election data collection have improved since 2000.7 Scholars and practitioners continue to advance the theoretical and scientific study of election administration, and they are helping improve the day-to-day operations of election administration in the United States. In fact, an interdisciplinary group that includes both scholars and election officials—Election Sciences, Reform, and Administration, or ESRA—has met each summer since 2017. This group's annual conference “brings together election experts from academia, state and local government, non-profits, and research institutes to develop empirical approaches to the study of how law and administrative procedures affect the quality of elections in the United States.”8 Often with guidance from election officials, scholars have examined such important and timely topics as how to operate elections during a pandemic,9 voting rights and disenfranchisement,10 how the public regards elections and their legitimacy,11 and straight-party ballots, as well as other aspects of ballot design.12 Paul Herrnson and colleagues have analyzed the straight-party box on office-block ballots using experimental research (of course, experiments increase confidence in causal inference). Their work is based on usability theory and research: “systems with simple, straightforward, end-to-end design, involving fewer steps, requiring little user memory, giving confirmation of one's actions, and providing system-based help are more effective than systems that have added complexity, require individuals to remember previous actions, do not provide assistance with cognitive tasks, and are inefficient.”13 Election science scholars are still collecting and centralizing data from local jurisdictions (counties and townships) around the nation. One of the latest data points gathered is how much local jurisdictions spend to administer elections.14 While ESRA is a nascent organization, scholars have been publishing important election science research—many times in major journals—for quite some time.

The Relationship between DKPP and PTUN Decisions regarding Ethical Violation by General Election Administrators

The commissioner of the general election administration was discharged through the decision of the General Election Administrator Honorary Council (DKPP). The decision is not final and binding at the executive branch, considering that the decision can be cancelled by the Administrative Court. This study aims to define the authority of DKPP and PTUN in resolving ethical violations committed by election administrators and parse the implications and relationships of the decisions of the two institutions. This paper also proposes an ideal concept for the design of solving ethical violations of election administrators in the future. This study uses normative juridical methods. The results showed that the DKPP and PTUN have overlapping authority but with different decisions. DKPP purely adjudicates ethical issues, and the Administrative Court adjudicates the Presidential Decree, which is a follow-up to the DKPP decision. To avoid conflicting decisions on cases that intersect, violations of the code of ethics in the future must be resolved with a settlement mechanism by the judiciary.

Penyelesaian Pelanggaran Administrasi Pemilu oleh Bawaslu

Introduction: The legal issues in this writing include how are the legal arrangements regarding the settlement of general election administration by Bawaslu and how to resolve election disputes by Bawaslu.
 Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to find out and analyze how to resolve violations of general election administration by Bawaslu.
 Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative, that is, research that primarily examines positive legal provisions and legal principles, explain and predicts in the direcrion of future legal developments
 Results Originality Findings of the Research: The findings of this study prove that in legal arrangements regarding the settlement of election administrative violations by Bawaslu and the settlement mechanism that in an effort to resolve administrative violations, Bawaslu has the authority to resolve administrative violations in accordance with the provisions of the Bawaslu laws and regulations and the General Election Commission. The settlement mechanism based on the Election Law is not explained significantly but it is explained that non-criminal violations are administrative violations and these violations are reported and followed up by Bawaslu and the General Elections Commission.

Election Law as Materia Constitutionis– an Example of the 1888 Constitution .

As a standard source of constitutional law, the constitution usually contains basic provisions on the electoral system. However, constitutions sometimes regulate the electoral issues in more detail. An example of such a constitution in the constitutional history of Serbia is the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbia of 1888. This paper will analyse the provisions of the 1888 Constitution regarding the electoral system. Having this in mind, the aim of this paper is: 1) to present and analyse the provisions in this constitution that regulate the electoral system, and to group them according to the appropriate institutions of election law; 2) to point out the unusually large number of provisions about the electoral system in this constitution and explain the reasons for that; 3) to present the reasons for making certain solutions at some of the institutions of election law. Provisions on election law will be classified according to the following institutions: the basic principles of the electoral system, constituencies and the number of MPs, active and passive suffrage, voting by lists, qualified MPs, electoral administration, election periods and subsequent elections, distribution of mandates.

Correction to: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Election Administration, Voting Options, and Turnout in the 2020 US Election

Correction to: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Election Administration, Voting Options, and Turnout in the 2020 US Election

PARTISIPASI DAN REPRESENTASI PEREMPUAN DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILU

Realizing equal access for women and men to be actively involved in politics and the political decision making process still requires special attention from stakeholders in various countries in the world. One of the crucial problems is that there is still an imbalance in the composition of men and women in representative institutions. So far, the focus of women's rights in politics has always looked at the representation of women as candidates for legislative, executive, and even management members in political parties and very rarely discusses women's representation as election organizers such as in the General Election Commission (KPU), Election Supervisory Agency (BAWASLU), as well as the Election Organizing Ethics Council (DKPP). Women's political rights are essentially not only about the presence of women in political parties and parliaments but in the whole process of organizing elections, including election monitoring. Professional election management institutions are one of the determinants of democratic elections. The opening of access and opportunities for women to become members of the election administration is one of the indicators used to determine whether the election management body has democratically.

Analisis Pengarsipan Digital Jaringan Dokumen Informasi Hukum (JDIH) di Kantor KPU Provinsi Bengkulu

The management of the Bengkulu Province KPU's Legal Documentation and Information Network (JDIH) began in February 2019 which was marked by the formation of a team based on the decision of the Bengkulu Province general election commission Number: 16/HK.03.1-Kpt/Prov/17/11/2019 regarding team composition Legal Documentation and Information Network (JDIH) at the General Election Commission of Bengkulu Province. The Legal Documentation and Information Network is a decision on the management of Legal Documentation and Information regarding technical guidelines for the management of Legal Documentation and Information within the General Election Commission (KPU, Regency/City). 2021 amounted to 191. The system used in the technical sub-section of election administration, participation, public relations, and human resources has been well programmed. On the Bengkulu Provincial KPU JDIH website page, there are KPU regulations, decisions which include (Provincial KPU Decisions and Regency/City Decisions). Data collection techniques in this journal were obtained from literature and were participatory in the activities of the Bengkulu Province KPU office. The results obtained from this activity can determine the comparison of the number of viewers and the number of PKPU that has been determined.

Proper Protective (Voting) Equipment: How Covid-19 Safety Measures Shaped In-Person Voting Experiences During the 2020 Election

Leading up to the 2020 election, many Americans were worried about casting a ballot in-person due to the Covid-19 pandemic and supported measures to protect voters at the voting booths. Addressing these concerns, election administrators enacted multiple Covid safety measures (e.g., routinely cleaning voting booths, wearing face masks, and providing single use ballot pens). Given voters’ health concerns related to the pandemic and support for safety measures at the ballot box, the presence of Covid safety protocols may increase how safe voters feel voting in-person and evaluations of their voting experience. Using the 2020 Survey of the Performance of American Elections, this study finds that the presence of Covid safety measures increased feelings of voting safety, evaluations of poll workers, and the positivity of the voting experience, but typically not polling place evaluations; though, effects differ by Covid safety policy.

Partisan schism in America’s newest swing state

We assess the opinions of Georgia voters regarding the 2020 presidential election, election administration, and voting laws following passage of Senate Bill (SB) 202. After the 2020 presidential election and subsequent 2021 Senate runoffs, contests all won by Democrats in Georgia, the Republican-controlled legislature passed SB 202 to appease their agitated and disaffected base of supporters. It appears that SB 202 had the effect of boosting Republican voters’ confidence in Georgia’s election system while registering the opposite effect among Democratic voters. Indeed, across a host of questions, including several asking about specific provisions in SB 202, we find a partisan schism in opinions expressed by Democrats and Republicans.

The Essence of Law Enforcement on Election Violations in Indonesia

General election is one of the manifestations of democracy. However, in its implementation there are various violations that tarnish democratic values. This research is an empirical juridical research with the object of research in the form of institutions related to the implementation of elections. The results of the study indicate that the nature of election law enforcement in resolving election violations in Indonesia has the meaning of providing equal opportunities and rights to the broadest basic freedoms, as wide as the same freedom for everyone so as to be able to reorganize the social and economic law gap in the midst of this phenomenon. Democracy. In addition, it can also maintain the dignity of democracy by providing protection to citizens in every election and regional election so that the principles of general election administration can be realized, namely Honest and Fair, Direct, General, Free and Confidential. Keywords: Regional Head Elections, Election Violations, Law Enforcement DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/122-04 Publication date: July 31 st 2022

Pemilu dan Korupsi: Fenomena Pelanggaran Etika dan Moral Penyelenggara Pemilu di Indonesia

Corruption is defined as a form of misappropriation or misappropriation of state money, including companies, organizations, foundations, and so on for personal gain or others. The use of morals and ethics is not optimal, so this study aims to explain morals and ethics to prevent political corruption during elections especially among election organizers. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method using secondary data sources such as journals and books. The results of the study show that there are still public officials and election administrators who have problems with integrity such as vote buying, individual gifts, services and activities. The conclusion of this study shows that, election fraud arises like money politics, candidacy buying, electoral administrative corruption, abusive donation, it is necessary to have strict supervision so that the escalation of electoral conflict can be avoided.

The Impact of Global Pandemic Challenges on the Legitimacy of Election and Referendum Processes

The legitimation aspects of elections and referendums under conditions of a global pandemic are considered. Their compliance with the legitimacy criteria aimed to ensure the quality of legitimacy and democracy of the newly formed authorities and overall political agenda are analysed. Cases of abuse of the electoral process and violation of the rights and freedoms of voters have been studied, in particular due to violations of the right to health by ignoring medical and epidemiological recommendations. Significant legitimation problems were determined in respect of trust decrease for both the electoral or referendum processes: absence of a regulatory framework for postponing and delaying of elections due to pandemic conditions is a commonplace amongst countries, their conduction with significant restrictions on suffrage; urgent adoption or addition of the legal basis that took place without involving civil society to a proper discussion; government decision-making was on the verge of balancing constitutional rights: on elections and referendums and on health; respective supervision was possible only at the national level, but only in the dedicated areas, at the international – only in moderately safe areas; it was pointed out for the need on moving to new innovative forms of voters’ registration and accountancy, candidates check, voting, and observation; in countries with authoritarian regimes, the conflict tension has increased as a result of abusing by the government of the emergency state to strengthen its position, to pressure on the opposition and media, etc. It was concluded that the pandemic highlighted existing problems in legal ground, respectively resulting in reducing of community trust level to processes of holding elections and referenda, still on the other hand – has contributed to the improvement of existing legislation and set out the task of developing new rules on addressing new challenges and emergencies: infectious, economic, climate, radiation and others, and, therefore, to ensure proper administration, financing, observation and control of elections and referendums for their legitimacy and democracy.

Permasalahan dan Dampak dari Implementasi Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Terbuka terhadap Sistem Politik

The holding of elections is a form the implementation of democratic values ​​in which the freedom of expression from citizens for the fulfillment of rights based on the principle for being free to choose and be elected. In its implementation, elections are related to legal aspects and will always experience legal dynamics in the context of each stage of its implementation. The dynamics of the law occur when the implementation of the election is in line with the changing of the legislation governing the implementation of the election which has been regulated periodically for its implementation. Then the enactment of Law Number 7 of 2017 on the Implementation of Elections by the House of Representative with the approval of the President. Stipulation of Law Number 7 of 2017 on the Implementation of Elections shows that there is a legal construction related to the handling of violations and disputes. The violations consist of election crimes, election administration violations, and violations of the code of ethics for election administrators. Then these problems have an impact on its implementation, one of which is in the spotlight is the application of the open proportional electoral system as regulated in Law Number 7 of 2017 on the Open Proportional Election System. The problems in the implementation of this electoral system have an impact on the political system, political parties, and government stability, which then leads to the vulnerability of money politics practices and then causes systematic chaos that disrupts the growth of democracy.