Elderly Inmates Research Articles

A New Device for Treatment of Elderly Inmates

그동안 한국의 교정처우에서는 노인수용자는 그 수적 열세와 사회 및 교정적 무관심으로 인하여 무시되어 왔다. 그러나 고령사회의 급속화로 노인수용자가 해마다 증가하게 되자 노인수용자의 적절한 교정처우 등에 대한 연구가 증가되기 시작했다. 이러한 선행연구들은 노인수용자 교정정책의 수립에 기여한 면도 있지만 경로의존적, 관료적 관점과 비학제적 접근 등 근본적 한계도 보이고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 선행연구들과는 전혀 다른 독창적 관점에서 경로혁신적 접근을 통하여 노인수용자의 교정처우에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 개선방안으로 노인수용자 개념의 재정립을 제시하였고 젠더이념, 사회적 형평성, 노인복지이념 등을 포함한 이념적 측면에서 개선방안을 제시하였다. 또한 교정처우에서 개선방안과 레짐면에서의 개선방안을 학제적인 접근방법을 통하여 제시한 바바로 이점이 선행연구들과의 차이점이다.Elderly Inmates have been ignored owing to their numerical inferiority and social, correctional indifference about them for such a long time in Korea correction policy. But elderly inmates in korea prison have been increased owing to the rapid graying of korean society. Conseguently, many studies for proper correctional treatment for elderly inmates have been increased. These existing studies have contributed to the establishment of correctional treatment for them. But they showed the basic limits due to the path-dependence approach, bureaucratic approach, non-interdisciplnary approach and so on. Therefore I showed in this article the desirable device of correctional treatment for elderly inmates through my original view and the path-breaking approach contray to existing studies. I showed desirable device of treatment for elderly inmates including reestablishment of elderly inmates, gender ideology, social equality, welfare ideology for the aged and so on. And I showed desirable device for elderly inmates in correctional regime and correctional treatment through interdisciplinary approach. It is a difference between my original and existing studies.

A Comparative Study of Depression and Associated Risk Factors among Elderly Inmates of Old Age Homes and Community of Rajkot: A Gujarati Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-G).

Background:The prevalence of depression among elderly people varies across different setups such as old age homes (OAHs), community, and medical clinics.Aims:The aim of this study was to compare the epidemiological factors pertaining to depression among elderly residents of OAHs and community, using a new Gujarati version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-G).Settings and Design:A cross-sectional, epidemiological study conducted in an urban setup of Western India.Materials and Methods:All the eligible 88 elderly residents of all the six OAHs and 180 elderly residents from the same city were administered a pretested semistructured questionnaire having the GDS-G form.Statistical Analysis:Descriptive statistics, odds ratio, Spearman's rank correlation test.Results:The elderly of OAHs were more depressed compared to those of community (odds ratio = 1.84; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–3.06). Older age, females, weaker family ties, economic maladies, poorer self-perception of health status, presence of chronic ailments, absence of recreational activity, lack of prayers, impaired sleep, history of addiction emerged as the predictors of depression in both the setups. More health complaints and a later self-perception of visit to a doctor were found among the depressed than the nondepressed in both the setups.Conclusions:Depressive symptoms were quite high among the elderly in both the setups. Special attention should be given toward health checkups of depressed persons in the OAH and improvement of family ties among depressed persons of the community.

Growing Old Behind Bars: Health Profiles of the Older Male Inmate Population in the United States.

This study examines patterns of multimorbidity among elderly male inmates across four domains of health (chronic medical conditions, drug- and alcohol-related diseases, impairments, and mental and behavioral health) to understand the complex health care needs of this growing population. We use the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities and Latent Class Regression Analysis to examine 22 health problems among 1,026 men aged 50 and older. There are four groups of elderly male inmates: (a) relatively healthy (45.1%), (b) substance users with behavioral health issues (23.4%), (c) chronic unhealthy with impairments and violence/injury (23.6%), and (d) very unhealthy across all domains (7.9%). These groups have unique sociodemographic background and incarceration history characteristics. This study demonstrates the complexity of health for elderly inmates. Prison health should continue to be monitored to aid correctional and community health programs in understanding clinical risks, exposures, and health care needs for this population.

Examining the Correlates of Prison Misconduct among Elderly Inmates

ABSTRACTThere is a large body of research examining prison misconduct and the driving forces behind inmates who engage in this behavior. The deprivation and importation models are the most common explanations for inmate misconduct. Research has suggested that deprivation and importation factors affect prison behavior and that the significance of these factors often varies across groups. The current research attempts to fill a gap in the literature examining the differences between inmates who were younger, middle age, and older in misconduct using data from inmates incarcerated in West Virginia during 2010. This study adds to the limited body of research specifically assessing the differences in prison misconduct across different age groups; policy implications also will be offered.

Effectiveness of aromatherapy and quality of sleep among elderly inmates of selected old age home.

Introduction : Sleep disturbances are more prevalent among the elderly and act as a major source of stress for them. Poor sleep in the elderly is typically undertreated or treated with pharmacological interventions with adverse consequences. So it is relevant to investigate alternative strategies for sleep management. Aromatherapy is the method of using pleasant fragrance in treating the different health problems of the people. Aims and objective : To study the effectiveness of aromatherapy on quality of sleep among elderly inmates. Approach and design : Quantitative study approach was selected and the study design was quasi-experimental, one group pre-test post-test. Samples and sampling criteria : Sixty inmates from selected old age home were assessed for general pattern of sleep. Among them who were having fairly and inadequate sleep were selected for the study. Aromatherapy was administered for five consecutive days. The lavender essential oil was dropped on a cotton ball and kept under the pillow throughout the night. The quality of sleep was assessed before aromatherapy, as well as on the third and sixth day using Modified Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings : The mean pre-test PSQI score (11.9) was significantly higher than the post test score (4.875). The computed 't' value (10.184) is greater than the table value (t 39 =3.551, p<0.001). It indicated that there was a significant increase in the quality of sleep after aromatherapy. There was no significant association found between quality of sleep and selected demographic variables. Conclusion : The study findings revealed that quality of sleep was poor in the elderly before aromatherapy and the quality of sleep increased by aromatherapy and it was concluded that aromatherapy is useful in increasing the quality of sleep among elderly inmates of the old age home.

A prospective observational study of changes in the severity and extent of oedema among elderly inmates of long-term care facilities

A prospective observational study of changes in the severity and extent of oedema among elderly inmates of long-term care facilities

In Cold Storage: Sex and Murder on the Plains by James W. Hewitt

Reviewed by: In Cold Storage: Sex and Murder on the Plains by James W. Hewitt Timbre Wulf-Ludden In Cold Storage: Sex and Murder on the Plains. By James W. Hewitt. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015. vii + 132 pp. Illustrations. $16.95 cloth. This book explores a rare occurrence in small rural towns: sensational, widely publicized crime. The author sets out to examine a particularly sensational murder that occurred in McCook, Nebraska, in the 1970s. Hewitt begins by establishing a clear picture of what life was like in a rural Nebraska community in the early to mid-1900s. The context in which the offenders and their victims lived is critical to understanding the events that later unfolded. After detailing the context of life on the plains, Hewitt explains that in 1973 Edwin and Wilma Hoyt disappeared from their farm. The author explores the fear this created in a rural community, the impact of the local media, and how family and neighbors coped with stress and suspicion. Ultimately, this small community learned that this was not simply a missing persons’ case, but a double homicide. The homicide was discovered when the dismembered portions of the Hoyts’ bodies floated to the surface of the local lake. Hewitt discusses how news of this brutal crime seems to have dominated the surrounding communities and shaped residents lives and behaviors. Hewitt researched the case by exploring existing legal records associated with the case as well as local newspaper reports. He interviewed a variety of residents and families of both the victims and offenders who were familiar with the McCook area and the case. Further, he conducted an interview with Harold Nokes, the man who was ultimately convicted of committing both murders and remains incarcerated in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nokes’s wife and possible accomplice was also contacted by the author, though she refused his requests for an interview. To set the scene, Hewitt describes the background and life events of the offenders, the victims, and many of their family members. He spends a significant portion of the early chapters describing the sexual practices of the victims’ (potentially mentally ill) daughter and her past relationship with the offenders. This seems to have been of particular interest to the crime’s initial investigators as well. The book concludes with a discussion of Hewitt’s more recent interview with Nokes. The author explores alternative assignments of responsibility for the murders and highlights various discrepancies between Nokes’s current description of the crime and the original confession and investigation. Whether these discrepancies result from the passage of time and the failing memory of an elderly inmate or instead reflect deceptions and inaccuracies in the original investigation cannot be concretely established. Hewitt highlights the fact that a number of crucial questions were never answered in the course of the original investigation. It should be noted that any conclusions appear to be largely based on the author’s own assumptions and speculations. However, the book could certainly have significant pedagogical value, particularly in criminal justice classrooms. For instance, it allows for exploration of the impact of changes in Nebraska’s justice system. It could provide a valuable opportunity for students to critically explore how police practice, investigation, forensics, oversight, and judicial practice have changed throughout Nebraska’s history. The book would also allow for discussion of the impact of changing social norms on criminal investigation. Timbre Wulf-Ludden Department of Criminal Justice University of Nebraska at Kearney Copyright © 2016 Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

A Study on the Psyco-Sociological Variables of Elderly inmates by Crime Type

A Study on the Psyco-Sociological Variables of Elderly inmates by Crime Type

Fitness Changes After an 8-Week Fitness Coaching Program at a Regional Youth Detention Facility.

A Surgeon General's report states that there is a favorable relationship between exercise and chronic disease. Research suggests that exercise programs for elderly inmates may have a positive effect on the number of infirmary visits, which in turn may have a long-term effect on inmate health care costs. This exploratory descriptive double case study sought to add to the minimal information in peer-reviewed research journals by examining the effects of fitness coaching on two juveniles at a youth detention facility in Southwest Montana. The results showed that both participants made fitness improvements following the 8-week program and both perceived positive effects on self-concept and overall sense of well-being from participating in this program.

The Growth in the Elderly Inmate Prison Population

State and federal prison systems have experienced an unprecedented and accelerating growth in their elderly inmate populations over the past three decades. While aging inmates have significant operational and cost implications for correctional systems, a clear understanding of the nature and mechanisms behind the growth in this special population does not exist. This article examines the trends in the older inmate population in Florida from 1980 to 2010 to assess whether significant changes in the punishment policies in the state over this period have contributed to this population’s growth and to better understand the composition of this special inmate group. We present annual data over a 31-year period to describe the trends in prison admissions, releases, stock populations, and the average length of stay for the age-groups of 49 or younger versus 50 and older. This trend analysis against a backdrop of changes in punishment structure over time will inform policy makers about how trends in demographic populations like the elderly inmate population in Florida have coincided with shifts in sentencing practices.

Oral health status and treatment need among institutionalized elderly in India.

To assess the oral health status and treatment needs among elderly people aged 60 years and above residing as inmates in the old age homes of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the oral health status and treatment needs among elderly people. In order to assess the oral health status and treatment needs, the clinical assessment of oral mucosa, community periodontal index, loss of attachment, dentition status and treatment need, prosthetic status and prosthetic need was recorded based on a modified World Health Organization 1997 proforma. Multi-group analysis was done using analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 812 inmates, 431 (64.0%) of the study participants had oral mucosal lesions. In terms of periodontal status, all sextants were excluded (Code "X") in 324 (39.9%) subjects. Out of dentate population, a majority of the inmates (219; 27.0%) presented with deep pockets (Code "4") followed by shallow pockets (Code "3"--183; 22.5%). The majority of the subjects had no prosthesis in the upper arch (85.0%) and lower arch (86.6%). The study demonstrated poor oral health among institutionalized elderly inmates. Oral mucosal lesions were found to be higher and periodontal status was also poor amongst the study population.

Role of Physical Activity among Geriatric Patient in Their Quality of Life

We designed and implemented a program of physical activation, which directly emphasizes the recovery of motor independence and indirectly in the increased activity of group interaction such that allows elderly inmates improve their ability to perform activities of daily living and reduce the burden on their caregivers. 30 People were randomly selected, 15 of the experimental group and 15 of the control group; 7 women and 8 men in each group. In general, the age of the subjects ranged between 60 and 84 years, with a mean of 78 and a standard deviation of 6.5, a program of physical activation was applied for three months in daily sessions of 45 minutes. The results obtained and the conclusions show that physical activity performed by an adult, metered and systematically improve their functional abilities, which directly or indirectly affects their quality of life.

Dementia in the incarcerated elderly adult: innovative solutions to promote quality care.

To provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic considerations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a special focus on elderly prison inmates. Multiple therapeutic interventions currently used for inmates with AD and a brief protocol for clinicians working with this population are provided. Review of scientific literature. Early detection and appropriate treatment of AD and other dementias are particularly challenging inside of correctional institutions, and a lack of prison-specific guidelines for AD leaves clinicians struggling to deliver innovative, quality care to a vulnerable population of elderly inmates. Clinicians working in prisons can promote optimal safety and health for each inmate through early diagnosis and treatment of those with dementia. Researchers studying dementia need to include the large incarcerated population in the United States in ongoing research and guideline development.

Elder inmates

The criminological literature underscores that criminal offences committed by senior citizens are directly related to their age and entering a new stage of life. In elder offenders, we may observe a distinctive pattern in the development of their criminal activities, the structure of crime, gender-specific criminal offences, their previous criminal records and their social status. The former criminological studies on the elderly population have most frequently focused on examining the senior citizens' fear of crime and their victimization within the family; the studies on criminal offences committed by the elderly seem to be rather scarce. The prior research into the criminal activity of elder offenders has largely addressed the needs and difficulties encountered by elderly inmates, particularly in case they were sentenced to long-term imprisonment and subject to strict parole rules. Some researchers have also extended criticism on the lack of special correctional facilities specifically designed for elder inmates. In general, crime rate drops with aging. In developed countries, there is a constant increase of elder population as opposed to the marked decrease of younger population. Yet, the percentage of convicted offenders among the persons over the age of 55 is still significantly lesser as compared to the percentage of younger convicts. Namely, different issues pertaining to 'elder people behind bars' have eventually become the subject matter of interest of criminologists and penologists, public administration authorities and international organizations advocating the observance of human rights. The incarcerated men and women face many physical and psychological problems which are generally encountered by all people at large but usually at a later age, when they are at least 10 years older than the inmates. Violence, anxiety and distress caused by the immediate prison environment, separation from their friends and families, and the awareness that they are most likely to spend the rest or most of their lives in prison may altogether accelerate the aging process in elderly inmates.

Dental prosthetic status and prosthetic needs of the institutionalized elderly living in geriatric homes in Hyderabad: a pilot study.

To promote oral health among the elderly, we need to know their prosthetic status and prosthetic need. Hence, a survey of prosthetic status and need of elderly inmates of geriatric homes in Hyderabad was done. A cross-sectional study was undertaken, and 174 subjects aged 60 years and above were examined of which 103 were male and 71 were female (59.2% males and 40.8% females). The oral examination of the study subjects was carried out using basic oral health surveys, WHO 1997 criteria. Majority of the subjects, 73 (70.8%) males and 53 (74.6%) females had no prosthesis. Only 4.6% had complete dentures and 21.1% had removable partial dentures and 10.9% had single/multiple bridges. Need for any prosthesis was (83.5%) male and 63 (88.7%) female subjects and nearly 82. 8% subjects required one-unit prosthesis. Dental prosthetic status of people living in geriatric homes is very poor and there is high unmet need for prosthetic care existed among the institutionalized elderly surveyed.

Treatment of Older and Elderly Inmates Within Prisons

An increase in the number of older and elderly inmates in the prison system has sparked controversy regarding current procedures and programs as well as possible solutions. Preservation of human and constitutional rights while maintaining appropriate punishment under the same Constitution and increased fiscal expenditures has called into question whether the correctional system is the correct setting for older and elderly inmates. The changing population in prisons has led to an increase in medical care expenses, causing some states to implement early release programs or to build separate facilities for the geriatric population. Statistics from the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Prisons in conjunction with empirical studies create a foundation that allows for a comprehensive survey of the problems, current protocols, and prospective practices.

Evaluation of Supplementation of Ashgourd Fermented Beverage to Geriatric Population

Existing data indicates a significant morbidity among the aged and most may remain subclinical. Vegetables being good source of vitamins and minerals, further their concentration has been improved by fermentation process. In recent years elderly institutions are being more common and a need for nutritional studies to provide better service. Thus the present study was conducted on geriatrics population to see the effect of ashgourd fermented beverage on anthropometric, nutritional and biochemical status of institutional elderly inmates. Ashgourd Fermented beverage (180ml) was provided to inmates of experimental group with the instructions to drink in fasting condition as a first drink in the morning for 60 days and control group received no supplementation. The parameters which were selected to evaluate the effect of ashgourd fermented beverage were anthropometric data, nutritional status, dietary pattern, clinical, biochemical parameters such as fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels, lipid profile, haemoglobin level and medical histories of the inmates. The selected parameters were assessed before and after the supplementation to see the effect of fermented beverage. It can be concluded from the present study that supplementation of fermented beverage showed significant improvement in BMI grades, heamoglobin and reduced blood glucose level, triglycerides and improved HDL cholesterol levels in experimental group when compared with the control group.

For your Eyes Only: A Q-Methodology on the Ontology of Happiness Among Chronically Ill Filipino Elderly in a Penal Institution

Happiness is a positive phenomenon that is universal in nature and is therefore, pertinent to all human beings. However, the definition of happiness differs from person to person, and varies among cultures, economic status, social connectedness, spiritual upbringing and daily situations. An individual’s contextual perception of happiness can change when subjected to bleak conditions such as incarceration wherein inmates, especially those who are old and are experiencing health impairments are stripped off with their customary source of happiness. Since Filipinos are known to be as “happy people,” this study purports to surface the different facets of what constitute happiness in the context of a penal institution in the Philippine setting. The Q-methodology is the primary design used in the study. It combines the objectivity of quantitative approach with the essence of human experiences as explored in qualitative studies. The participants (P-sample) were twenty elderly inmates suffering from chronic ailments. They were asked to arrange 32 statements (Q-sample), derived from the initial interview, in the Q-sort table based on their degree of agreement, which were then further explicated in the post-sort interviews. The results were then subjected to by-person factor analysis with varimax rotation using the PQ Method version 2.11. Five profiles emerged from the by-person factor analysis, namely: (1) ‘Sense of Affinity’, (2) ‘Sense of Opportunity’, (3) ‘Sense of Indemnity’, (4) ‘Sense of Positivity’ and (5) ‘Sense of Resiliency’. The discussion focused on similarities and differences among profiles regarding the four principal themes (familial, social, internal and spiritual components of happiness) derived from the statements used as the Q-sample. The perception of happiness varies from profile to profile. The differences in views on what constitutes happiness among profiles are more prominent than their said similarities. Most leanings are directed toward the familial and spiritual aspects of happiness however, happiness can also be internally motivated and cognitively construed. While happiness has a direct relationship to an individual’s overall perception of well-being, the nurse, being the primary provider of holistic care, plays a pivotal role in promoting optimum health through awareness, knowledge, and appreciation of vis-a vis an unwavering involvement with the unique and distinct psychological and emotional needs of the elderly inmates characterized by respect, openness, authenticity and inter-subjectivity.

Older Inmates Challenge Prisons and LTC Facilities

Older Inmates Challenge Prisons and LTC Facilities

Dental Prosthetic Status and Prosthetic Need of the Institutionalized Elderly Living in Geriatric Homes in Mangalore: A Pilot Study

Introduction. To promote oral health among the elderly, we need to know their prosthetic status and prosthetic need. Hence, a survey of prosthetic status and need of elderly inmates of old age homes in Mangalore was done. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was undertaken, and 133 subjects aged 60 years and above were examined (54.9% males and 45.1% females). Results. Eighty-eight percent of those examined were fully edentulous, and only 12% had complete dentures; none of the study subjects had partial dentures. Prosthetic status was significantly associated with gender (P = .024), while prosthetic need and gender were not significantly associated (P = .395). Conclusions. A high unmet need for prosthetic care existed among the institutionalized elderly surveyed.