Elderly Family Members Research Articles

Prevalence and social determinants of self-reported health status among reproductive age women in Nepal.

The self-reported health status (SRHS) is a subjective evaluation of an individual's health and has been connected to mortality and future health outcomes in numerous studies. However, the determinants of SRHS among women in Nepal remain largely unclear. In Nepal, traditional gender norms often result in women bearing greater responsibilities in terms of household chores, child-rearing, and taking care of elderly family members, all of which may potentially contribute to lower self-perceived health. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors influencing SRHS among women in Nepal. The study utilized data from 7,442 women aged between 15 and 49 who participated in the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2022. Both univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to ascertain the factors influencing self-rated health status (SRHS) among women in Nepal. Women in the age groups 15-24years (AOR: 5.14, 95% CI: 3.07-8.62) and 25-34years (AOR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.99-3.68) were more likely to report good health status compared to older age groups. Additionally, women who were never married (AOR: 4.89, 95% CI: 3.62-5.32) or currently married (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.11-2.20) and those from wealthy families (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.07-2.21), also had a higher likelihood of reporting good health status. Other factors associated with a higher probability of reporting good health included not having a history of terminated pregnancy (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11-1.97), having no history of genital discharge (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.29-2.38), not visiting a health facility in the last 12months (AOR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.43-2.88), and having no genital ulcers in the previous 12months (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.24-3.28). Conversely, women with mild to severe depression and anxiety were less likely to report good health status compared to those with no depression or anxiety. This study identified several social determinants of SRHS among Nepalese women. These socioeconomic determinants of health should be included in future research and health policy activities in Nepal and other comparable contexts.

Study on the Changes of Family Intergenerational Communication Mode in China from the Perspective of Social Media

This study explored the influence of social media on the intergenerational communication mode of China family through various methods, and found that social media improved the convenience and diversity of communication and promoted the interaction of family members of different ages. It breaks the limitations of traditional communication methods, provides a variety of communication forms, makes information transmission more intuitive and fast, and strengthens family cohesion. The functions of social media, such as group chat and sharing, enable family members to keep in touch anytime and anywhere, especially among teenagers and young people. However, the popularity of social media has also brought about problems such as digital divide, privacy leakage and over-reliance on online communication. Therefore, family members need to improve their social media literacy and balance online and offline communication to promote healthy and harmonious family relationships. Generally speaking, the application of social media in China's families has changed the traditional communication mode and had a far-reaching impact on the development of family relations.

Introduction: Disability and Family Care in Modern European History

How to organize domestic care for relatives living with a disability and elderly family members is a major challenge for individual households, as it is for all European societies. Taking up current debates on the future of family care work, this special issue offers historical perspectives on family care for people with disabilities. It investigates the relationship between disability welfare and family dynamics in modern European history. By bringing together case studies from the 19th and 20th centuries and from Eastern and Western European states, the special issue offers a panorama of regional processes of negotiating intrafamilial gender roles, relationships between private care and public welfare, and discourses on disabilities.

Nursing stress and associated factors during covid-19 pandemic: findings of a cross-sectional study at tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh

Background: The COVID-19 epidemic has posed an unparalleled obstacle to healthcare systems worldwide. Particularly in the pandemic period, nursing is seen as a demanding profession with high standards. This study was conducted to assess the level of nursing stress and to identify the factors related to high nursing stress among nurses working in dedicated COVID-19 hospitals. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from selected three dedicated COVID-19 public hospitals in Dhaka city of Bangladesh named Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, and Hospital, Dhaka North City Corporation dedicated COVID-19 hospital from 1st July 2021 to 30th June 2022. Total respondents were 368 who had working experience more than 6 months in above mentioned hospitals. Data were collected by face-to-face interview through pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Nursing stress was assessed by Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) and categorized as low (≤39), moderate (40-62), and high (>62) stress score. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 26. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30.8±7.8 years, wherein highest number of respondents were in age group 20-30 years (50.3%). Among the respondents 86.7% were female, 83.4% were married and average monthly family income Tk. 53839±28587.7 taka. About 63% respondents had diploma degrees, 77.4% worked in different wards, and mean working hour per week was 51.9±5.6 hour. Overall, maximum 52.2% had moderate stress, while 39.4% had high stress and only 8.4% had low stress. Age >30 years, male, marital status, working place, having senior citizen (>60 years) and feeling stressed for isolation were the significant risk factors for having high stress level. Conclusion: Occupational health education, training programs, stress relieving programs, and motivational programs must be implemented in tertiary level hospitals. Special attention should be given on older aged married male nurses, having elderly family members and feeling stressed for isolation. JOPSOM 2023; 42(1):54-61

Examining Emotional and Physical Burden in Informal Saudi Caregivers: Links to Quality of Life and Social Support.

Caregiver burden is an important issue for individuals who tend to be chronically ill, disabled or elderly family members. This burden affects caregivers around the world and can have a negative impact on their physical and mental health, ultimately reducing their quality of life. This study of informal adult caregivers in Saudi Arabia used a cross-sectional analytic design to explore the connections between caregiver burden, social support and quality of life. Data were collected using nonprobability convenience sampling through electronic questionnaires in Arabic. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI-12), the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) and the SF-12 Health Survey (short form of 12 questions) were used to assess caregiver burden, social support and quality of life, respectively. The relationships between these variables were analysed, and the statistical significance of the findings was reported. The study revealed a connection between caregiver burden and both social support and quality of life. Caregivers with moderate to high burdens often had poor social support (60.52%) and a lower quality of life (72.47%). A statistically significant negative correlation between caregiver burden and quality of life (p < 0.05) indicated that caregivers with a higher burden had a lower quality of life. Similarly, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between social support and caregiver burden (p < 0.05), suggesting that caregivers with more social support experienced a lower burden. A higher caregiver burden is linked to a lower quality of life, especially when social support is inadequate. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce caregiver burden by enhancing social support systems for caregivers and improving their quality of life. Recommendations include the development of community-based support programmes and policy changes to support informal caregivers.

Between obligations and leisure: an examination of non-work activities among the generation 55+ in Poland and Czechia

This article seeks to evaluate the non-work activities of the generation 55+ in Poland and the Czech Republic. The theoretical framework relies on Ronald Inglehart's theory of values, which is also applied in the research methodology. Following Inglehart's theory, the activities of the generation 55+ can be categorised into two groups. The first group aligns with materialist duty-related values, encompassing responsibilities such as caring for grandchildren, tending to elderly and disabled family members, and participating in religious observances. The second group aligns with postmaterialist values, emphasising personal development, self-expression, and quality of life. These activities encompass participation in classes offered by the University of the Third Age, volunteering, engaging in sports, and tourism. The research findings indicate a greater involvement of Poles in duty-related activities, particularly among women. This suggests a prevalence of materialist values in Poland. Conversely, Czechs, especially Czech women, exhibit more active involvement in leisure activities, pointing to the predominance of postmaterialist values. The conclusions present an integrated model of non-work activities for the generation 55+ that takes into account both materialist and post-materialist values.

Smart Medi Box

This paper addresses the prevalent issue of medication mismanagement among older individuals in families, a problem observed not only in our personal context but also widespread across various demographics. Many elderly family members struggle with the complexity of multiple medications, leading to missed doses and inadvertent intake of incorrect medicines. Recognizing the urgency of this concern, we embarked on a mission to devise a solution, resulting in the conceptualization and development of a Smart Medi Box. This innovative device aims to streamline medication management by incorporating smart technology to facilitate accurate dosage scheduling and timely reminders. The impetus for this initiative stems from the staggering statistic that 16 crore (160 million) Indians rely on daily medications. Through the Smart Medi Box, we aspire to enhance medication adherence, mitigate risks associated with incorrect usage, and ultimately improve the overall well-being of individuals managing chronic illnesses. Key Words: Medication management, Smart Medi Box, adherence, medication scheduling, elderly care, health technology, chronic illnesses, reminder system, healthcare innovation, Indian population.

Challenges and Responses to Family Communication in the Age of Social-media

The introduction of social media has had a significant impact on many parts of modern life, including the nature of family connections, which is a developing topic of study. The purpose of this article was to look at the impact of social media on family interactions in contemporary China. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was created to interview family members from various generations of Chinese families on the influence of social media on their intra-family ties. The poll results show that more than half of respondents believe there is a generational gap in social media use among elder family members, and the effect of closing this gap is unclear. The study found that three variables contributed to the generation gap among family members: disparities in learning ability, a lack of age-appropriate design of relevant social media applications, and differences in preferences for using social media functions. To close the generation gap, it is vital to integrate media, compensate cognitively, and encourage family members to appreciate and communicate with one another. The rise of social media is an important trend that will continue to evolve in the future. This study seeks to present fresh ideas and answers for the harmonious development of family connections in the ever-changing world of social media.

Predictors of Subjective Health Among Spouses and Its Relations With Happiness: A Multilevel Analysis in a Nationwide Survey in Turkey

The current study aims to examine predictors of subjective health, including its relation with happiness, at the individual and family levels. For this purpose, we analyzed data collected from spouses representing each family (9,634 families, N = 19,268). A multilevel analysis was conducted to examine both individual- and family-level variables associated with subjective health evaluations. Individual-level variables were gender, age, education, employment, presence of chronic illness, smoking, alcohol use, and individual happiness. Family-level variables were socioeconomic status, number of children, household size, length of the marriage (in a year), presence of an elderly person who needs care in the household, presence of a disabled person who needs care in the household, and family happiness. The results showed that subjective health is enhanced by being man, younger, employed, highly educated, free from chronic illness, and experiencing greater levels of happiness at the individual level. In addition, poorer subjective health is associated with caring for an elderly or disabled family member and having a higher number of children in the household at the family level. However, individuals had better subjective health at the family level when socioeconomic status was higher, greater family happiness, and greater household size existed. The current study is important since research that simultaneously considers individual- and family-level happiness has been scarce in the literature. Thus, the findings would enhance the current understanding of the link between happiness and health.

Factors Related to Caregivers' Intention to Vaccinate Their Elderly Family Members with Major Neurocognitive Disorders against COVID-19.

Vaccination helps reduce the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in elderly individuals with major neurocognitive disorders (MNDs). However, some caregivers are hesitant to have their elderly family members with MNDs vaccinated against COVID-19. This study explored the factors influencing caregivers' intentions to vaccinate elderly family members with MNDs against COVID-19. A total of 232 caregivers of elderly family members with MNDs participated in this study. In this survey, data regarding COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, fear, side effects, family members' attitudes toward vaccination, mental health status, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairments were collected from the elderly participants with MNDs. The associations between these variables and the caregivers' intention to vaccinate their elderly family members with MNDs against COVID-19 were examined using a multivariable linear regression analysis model. The results revealed that caregivers' perceived familial support for vaccination, the perceived value of vaccination, and autonomy to vaccinate elder family members were positively correlated with caregivers' intention to vaccinate elderly family members with MNDs, whereas elderly family members' age was negatively correlated with caregiver intentions. This study demonstrated that caregiver factors (perceived familial support, value of vaccination, and autonomy) and elderly family members' age were correlated with caregiver intention. These factors should be considered in developing interventions to enhance caregivers' intentions to vaccinate their elderly family members with MNDs against COVID-19.

The Influence of Health Education on Developmental Tasks in Caring for Elderly Family Members with Hypertension

This writing aims to understand the health education of elderly families in responding to the presence of family members by using a Quasi Experiment research type approach to assess the influence of health education on family health tasks in caring for elderly family members with hypertension. The research design was a pre-post experiment by measuring before and after the intervention was carried out (Notoatmodjo, 2010). Conclusion of the influence of health education on family health tasks in caring for (knowing, deciding, providing care, modifying the environment, utilizing health facilities) in elderly people with hypertension with a value (P &lt; 0.05), namely 0.002 &lt; 0.05, there is a significant difference between Family Health Tasks in Caring for Elderly Family Members with Hypertension before and after Implementing Health Education with a P Value &lt;0.05. namely 0.000 &lt; 0.05. It is hoped that health workers or community health centers will continue to increase socialization and motivation for elderly families to be more active in helping elderly people to improve their health status.

Starostniki na podeželju v 19. stoletju

Based on individual case studies and employing discourse analysis in Carniola, this study endeavours to transcend the existing theories that predominantly place the rural elderly within multigenerational familial structures. By delving into the intricacies of property transfer, the employment possibilities of individuals lacking assets, marital strategies, obstacles and dynamics, and the provision of care for elderly family members in rural areas, a nuanced understanding emerges. The present research reveals diverse strategies, identities, and configurations in the lifestyles and livelihoods of the rural elderly, which extend beyond conventional family-centric perspectives. By emphasising the intricate interplay of property dynamics, survival strategies, and communal solidarity, this article sheds light on the multifaceted life of the elderly in the countryside.

Portuguese Caregivers of Persons With Alzheimer's Disease in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of the Grieving Process.

This study addresses the experiences of informal caregivers caring for elderly family members with Alzheimer's disease (AD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study includes a sample of eight informal caregivers who were evaluated through a semi-structured interview six months after the death of a loved one they cared for. A thematic content analysis was applied to the interviews and yielded two higher-order domains: (1) Experiencing the AD and the death of a family member and (2) The grieving process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results provide valuable insights into family caregivers' experiences regarding the profound emotional impact of caregiving and grief during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregivers maintain their identity even after loss, underscoring the enduring impact of caregiving. The identity as a caregiver impacted coping and grief responses, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.

The elderly, COVID-19, and violence: A qualitative content analysis.

Violence against the elderly is one of the types of domestic violence that is one of the major social health problems in modern societies and whose incidence has increased sharply in the last two decades, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims at explaining the concept of violence against the elderly during lockdown and the epidemic of COVID-19. This qualitative study was conducted with a conventional content analysis approach in Izeh (a city in Khuzestan Province) in 2021. The data were collected through conducting unstructured interviews as well as taking field notes with as many as 13 elderly family members. After obtaining informed consent, the collected data were written word for word, and the content analysis method was applied to name the data, create analytical codes, and determine subgroups and categories. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA-10. The results of this study indicated that the elderly who have been subjected to violence have many ambiguities in the process of identifying and dealing with the violence inflicted on them; the fear of being rejected by family members and their escalated violence make the violence remain hidden. Given their failure to seek help and the lack of support provided by the related organizations, the elderly did not report violence inflicted on them, which in turn led to the spread of violence against them. Thus, it is recommended that nurses and health policymakers provide the required planning to address the problems of violence against the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic era.

Development of the Care Burden Scale for Family of Elderly in Nursing Facilities

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a measurement scale for the care burden experienced by families of elderly individuals in nursing facilities.Methods: We developed a preliminary tool based on a broad range of past studies, including experiences of care burden for the families of the elderly in nursing facilities. This tool is anchored on Pearlin’s (1990) construct of the stress process model. Data were collected from 208 families of elderly individuals in nursing facilities, and the construct validity and reliability of the preliminary scale were verified.Results: We developed a questionnaire consisting of a four-point Likert-type scale in a self-report form with 30 items divided into 4 factors. The factors were named 'Social burden', 'Economic burden', 'Psychological burden', and 'Physical burden'. The Cronbach’s ⍺ of the total items was .94, and the factors ranged from .65 to .87.Conclusion: The study results will help evaluate the level of caregiving burden for families of the elderly in nursing facilities. Therefore, it is expected to be used in future research on nursing interventions aimed at improving the understanding of caregiving burden and reducing the caregiving burden of elderly family members in nursing facilities.

Relief and mobile veterinary careers may offer a path towards improved quality of life.

Explore relief and mobile veterinarians' views and experiences related to their current job. In addition, examine reasons why these veterinarians opted to pursue careers in relief and mobile practice. Veterinary members of the Veterinary Information Network working as relief or mobile veterinarians. An electronic survey distributed via the Veterinary Information Network data collection portal from May 11, 2023, through May 30, 2023. A total of 444 responses were collected (125 veterinarians in mobile practice and 240 relief veterinarians). Factors most commonly reported to have a strong effect on mobile or relief veterinarians' decision to leave their previous job included administration, hospital culture, leadership, feeling their voice was heard, and workplace schedule factors. The majority of mobile and relief practitioners reported feeling satisfied with their work-life balance (mobile, 78%; relief, 91%) as well as availability for children (mobile, 84%; relief, 84%) and other family members (mobile, 85%; relief, 87%). The majority of mobile and relief practitioners who participated in this survey reported feeling satisfied or very satisfied with managing their work and life, in their ability to be present and available for their children, and having opportunity to support and care for elderly family members and those with medical needs. As the field of veterinary medicine becomes increasingly feminized, schedule flexibility and work-life balance will likely increase in importance, making careers in nonpractice settings more desirable. Traditional brick-and-mortar clinics should note that dissatisfaction with administration and office/hospital culture might drive their employees to pursue other career avenues such as relief or mobile practice.

Old Age Homes: Vital in Promoting Well-being and Goodwill of Senior Citizens

The individuals, belonging to all communities do not feel pleasurable and contented in some cases living with their elderly family members. They consider them as liabilities. They form the viewpoint that these individuals will interfere in their lives, hence, they send them to old age homes. This is unfortunate that when family members do not get along with each other, senior citizens go to old age homes. Within these homes, there are occurrences of various types of amenities and facilities, which are facilitating in leading to up-gradation of overall living conditions of individuals. The individuals, who are employed, are required to be well-versed in terms of their job duties and responsibilities. Furthermore, they are required to be well-equipped in terms of different types of methodologies and procedures, which are facilitating in doing well in one’s tasks and activities. The primary objective of all old age homes is to promote well-being and goodwill of senior citizens. The individuals in old age are overwhelmed by different types of health problems and illnesses, hence, there are provision of medical and health care facilities as well. Furthermore, they are experiencing the psychological problems of anger, stress, anxiety, frustration and depression. For this purpose, they are required to obtain counseling and guidance services. These are facilitating in promoting a normal mind-set and coping with different types of psychological problems in a satisfactory manner. Therefore, old age homes are vital in promoting well-being and goodwill of senior citizens. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, understanding the meaning and significance of old age homes, factors highlighting the living conditions of individuals in old age homes and experiences of senior citizens in old age homes.

KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT BERBASIS TEORI MODEL IMOGENE KING PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI

Hypertension is still an important problem for elderly. Most of those who suffer from hypertension are elderly, the aging process which has an impact on weakening brain function can cause mild memory problems or dementia so that most elderly people are disobedient to drinking, because they forget. The family as a companion to the elderly plays a role in reminding them through communication and function as a support system. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to taking hypertension medication based on the Imogene King model theory. The research design used is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study was 45 respondents, while the sample used was 40 respondents, using a purposive sampling technique in the UPTD Work Area of the Bendo Health Center, Pare District, Kediri Regency. Research variables on medication adherence based on Imogene King's model theory in hypertensive patients. This research instrument uses a questionnaire. Data analysis uses percentages and is interpreted quantitatively. The results of the research from 40 respondents, the majority of respondents, namely 28 (70%) were obedient to taking hypertension medication and a small portion of respondents, 12 (30%) were quite obedient in taking hypertension medication. The research results showed that the majority of respondents adhered to taking hypertension medication. It is hoped that the Imogene King model's theoretical interaction system can become a model for increasing medication adherence for families who have elderly family members who suffer from hypertension so that blood pressure is well controlled.

Public knowledge and willingness in the use of public access defibrillation of Hubei Province in China: A cross-sectional study.

To understand the current status of public knowledge of automated external defibrillator (AED) and their willingness to use public AED in Hubei Province, along with the influencing factors. A self-designed questionnaire was used for convenience sampling of the public in Hubei Province. The questionnaire consists of three parts: basic information, AED knowledge questions, and willingness to use public AED and influencing factors. Data was collected between May 2022 and March 2023. A total of 1561 valid questionnaires were collected from 1602 distributed. In the study conducted in Hubei Province, it was found that 875 respondents (56.05%) had knowledge of automated external defibrillator, and they achieved an average score of 39.27 ± 29.17. The pass rate for the survey was 28.11%. Several factors were identified as significant influencing factors, including gender, age, education level, occupation related to medicine, residential location in the past three years, family members with cardiovascular disease, marital status, residential population density, whether there are family members over 65 years old, and participation in AED-related training (P < .05).Furthermore, 692 respondents (72.99%) expressed their willingness to cardiopulmonary resuscitation for someone experiencing cardiac arrest. On the other hand, 686 respondents (43.95%) had no knowledge of AED. Among those who were not willing to perform defibrillation, the highest percentages cited "fear of incorrect use" (129, 31.2%) and "fear of harming the patient" (121, 29.3%) as their reasons. The study also found statistically significant differences in the willingness to use public AED based on participation in training, education level, residential location, family members with cardiovascular disease, population density, and the presence of elderly family members aged 65 or over (P < .05). In conclusion, the study highlights the general lack of public knowledge regarding AED in Hubei Province. However, there is a strong willingness among respondents to provide help during cardiac arrest situations. To improve the chances of survival for cardiac arrest patients, it is crucial to strengthen public AED training programs.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Causes among Elderly Family Members of Health-care Workers

Abstract Introduction: Vaccination has proven to be an effective preventive measure against COVID-19. The main hindrance for COVID-19 vaccination is vaccine hesitancy. Attitude of health-care workers (HCWs) toward vaccination is vital to promote vaccination and reduce vaccine hesitancy. HCWs are expected to promote COVID-19 vaccination and educate their family members for vaccination. Thus, it is important to know the reasons for vaccine hesitancy among elderly family members of HCWs so that these barriers can be overcome by proper measures. Methodology: This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted by questionnaire-based interviews of HCWs pertaining to the COVID-19 vaccination details of their elderly household members. Questions with Likert scale-type responses were used to discern the reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Results: Among the study group, 38% were found to have high vaccine hesitancy. Low educational status (P = 0.0001), rural area of residence (P = 0.001), and female gender (P = 0.028) as well as the occupation of the HCW respondent (P = 0.011) were found to be significantly associated with high vaccine hesitancy. Fear of unknown side effects (52.6%), difficulties with vaccination slot booking (48.4%), belief of low risk for contracting COVID-19 disease, fear of the vaccine side effects, fear of vaccine itself causing COVID-19 illness, and mistrust against the vaccine manufacturers were the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: High vaccine hesitancy was found among elderly individuals with lower education status, female gender, and residence in rural areas. Fear of side effects of vaccine and contracting COVID-19 from the vaccine, logistical and technical difficulties, belief of low disease risk, and mistrust against the vaccine manufacturers were the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy.