Elder Women Research Articles

Fish and Complementary Feeding Practices for Young Children: Qualitative Research Findings From Coastal Kenya

ObjectivesTo assess the potential barriers and facilitators to fish consumption during the complementary feeding period in two coastal counties of Kenya with high rates of child malnutrition. MethodsThis qualitative study was part of a mixed-methods formative research investigation to examine the role of sustainable fish production and access to fish foods in coastal communities in Kenya. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with primary caregivers of children less than five years (n = 12) and community health workers and nutritionists (n = 8) in Kilifi County and Kwale County. Interviews were transcribed, translated and analyzed. A conceptual framework was developed based on the analysis to illustrate major factors and pathways influencing decisions to feed fish in the complementary feeding period. ResultsComplementary feeding practices reported by caregivers showed a low level of fish consumption in young children and delayed introduction of fish to the diet. Findings indicate that fish consumption was impacted by factors related to accessibility, food preferences, and caregiver’s knowledge and beliefs. Access to fish was driven primarily by cost, proximity to locations where different fish types were sold, gendered purchasing behavior and the seasonal availability of fish foods. In some cases, the high cost of fish outweighed positive associations or perceived nutritional benefits when deciding whether to feed fish to children. Caregivers’ knowledge, beliefs, and food preferences also impacted consumption, with mixed perceptions regarding the importance of fish as a source of protein and other nutrients. These direct factors were influenced by prominent community figures such as elder women and health workers, whose own beliefs and understandings were impacted by underlying cultural norms, potentially limiting fish consumption. ConclusionsUnderstanding current attitudes and beliefs toward fish consumption during the complementary feeding phase is a critical first step towards the creation of more effective policies and interventions that incorporate sustainable fish foods to address significant nutritional disparities that exist in the study population. Funding SourcesThis study was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Fish.

Relationship between Post-menopausal women’s knowledge about pelvic organ prolapse and their autonomy preference

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is one of the two most common manifestations of pelvic floor dysfunction among postmenopausal women worldwide. The prevalence of POP increases with age, with a peak incidence in women aged 60–69 years. It has a negative effect on postmenopausal women’s quality of life (Qol). Management of pelvic organ prolapse is challenging, it requires skillful health care providers and well-informed elder women. Person-centeredness is a crucial element and an indicator of the quality of care. It is advocated in healthcare policies worldwide. Yet, despite of its importance in person-centered care for prolapse, little is known about the extent to which health services are responsive to women’s needs and their perceived experiences when using the health services for management of prolapse. Aim of the study: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between Post-menopausal women’s knowledge about pelvic organ prolapse and their autonomy preference. Methods A descriptive correlational research design was utilized in this study. This study was conducted at the outpatient gynecology clinic on El Shatby Maternity University Hospital in Alexandria governorate, Egypt. A convenient sample of 142 post-menopausal women were recruited. Three tools were used for data collection; (1) socio-demographic and clinical data structured interview schedule, (2) Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ), (3) modified version of autonomy preference index (API). Results More than three quarters (78.0%) of the studied women had lack of proficient knowledge about POP, whereas 22.0% had a proficient knowledge (50% and more correct) and although the studied women were highly preferred to participate in decision making concerning their health condition (62.4%±5.9), they had slightly lack of preference for information seeking (45.3±5.1%). The post-menopausal women’s knowledge about Pelvic Organ Prolapse was significantly correlated with their autonomy preference (r=.213, p=.011), as the score of knowledge increased the total autonomy preference score increase. Conclusion the post-menopausal women’s knowledge about Pelvic Organ Prolapse was significantly correlated with their autonomy preference. Encourage the healthcare professionals to inform the postmenopausal women about the available treatment options and motivate them to participate actively in making management decisions is recommended.

The association between RAPSN methylation in peripheral blood and breast cancer in the Chinese population.

DNA methylation in peripheral blood is associated with breast cancer (BC) but has mainly been studied in Caucasian populations. We investigated the association between blood-based methylation of receptor-associated protein of the synapse (RAPSN) and BC in Chinese population. The methylation levels of 12 RAPSN CpG sites were quantitatively evaluated by mass spectrometry in two case-control studies with 283 sporadic BC cases and 331 controls totally. The association was analyzed by logistic regression adjusted for covariants. The RAPSN methylation levels in patients with variant clinical characteristics were investigated by non-parametric tests. We found a significant association between BC and altered RAPSN methylation in blood in women at premenopausal and perimenopausal (age < 50 years old), but not in the elder women. This was approved by two independent case-control studies as well as by combining the subjects of the two studies (taken all subjects together, age < 50 years old, per 5% of methylation, odds ratio (OR) range from 1.17 to 1.30 for two CpG sites; OR = 0.75 for one CpG site; all p values < 0.02). This age-related RAPSN methylation was further modified by human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (age < 50 years old, HER2 negative, per 5% of methylation, OR range from 1.27 to 1.48 for two CpG sites; OR = 0.76 for one CpG site; all p values < 0.02). We elucidated an association between BC and blood-based RAPSN methylation influenced by age and the status of HER2 in Chinese population.

The Association of Physical (in)Activity with Mental Health. Differences between Elder and Younger Populations: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Physical activity is associated with mental health benefits. This systematic literature review summarises extant evidence regarding this association, and explores differences observed between populations over sixty-five years and those younger than sixty-five. Methods: We reviewed articles and grey literature reporting at least one measure of physical activity and at least one mental disorder, in people of all ages. Results: From the 2263 abstracts screened, we extracted twenty-seven articles and synthesized the evidence regarding the association between physical (in)activity and one or more mental health outcome measures. We confirmed that physical activity is beneficial for mental health. However, the evidence was mostly based on self-reported physical activity and mental health measures. Only one study compared younger and elder populations, finding that increasing the level of physical activity improved mental health for middle aged and elder women (no association was observed for younger women). Studies including only the elderly found a restricted mental health improvement due to physical activity. Conclusions: We found inverse associations between levels of physical activity and mental health problems. However, more evidence regarding the effect of ageing when measuring associations between physical activity and mental health is needed. By doing so, prescription of physical activity could be more accurately targeted.

Myths of Elder Women and World’s Stereotypes, Making Injustice Visible &amp; Woman – Master of Her Own Fate

Government should start thinking about Gender-responsive Works Programs. In order not to turn gender responses into lawmakers-illusionists’ one big bluff and a cascade of tricks, it is necessary for the country to have a gender-aware economists to support the forming, implementation and monitoring of gender responsive economic policies. Lack of work in formal sector is the first motivator for women to go in informal sector and fi nd job with poor wage and without the necessary conditions for health security. As we see the role of women in society by aging is minimized to caregivers. Society sees the little girls, adolescent girls and women as reproductive line - contributors of life and not as individuals who are mothers, workers, educators, mentors, managers, politicians and active participants of society. What is aging? How elder women can fi nd new opportunities and how than can use new opportunities in creative ways if society is stereotyping them as burden to family, as caregivers and as not valuable asset to country? What are these aspects on which should be built new system for elder women to raise their potential contribution? Idealistic people create a real society based on the concept of love and peace.

Historical Trends in Incidence of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Los Angeles, 1973-2012: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the long-term trends of breast cancer incidence in Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Los Angeles (LA). Methods: Data were obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5plus) database. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was conducted by joinpoint regression analysis, and the age, period and cohort effects were estimated by age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. Results: The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) in LA were higher than Shanghai and Hong Kong. During 1988–2012, the ASIRs significantly decreased in white women in LA (AAPC = −0.6%, 95% CI: −0.9% to −0.4%) while increased in Shanghai (2.5%: 2.1%–2.9%) and Hong Kong (2.2%: 2.0%–2.5%). The APC analysis revealed significantly increased effects of age and period, and decreased effect of birth cohort. Conclusion: Although age and cohort effects were relatively strong, the period effect may be the key factor affecting trends of incidence, which may be caused by increasing exposures to carcinogens and risk factors. Therefore, more effective measures should be carried out promptly to protect high-risk populations such as elder women, to avoid exposures to risk factors of breast cancer.

Appendicular Muscle Mass, Thigh Intermuscular Fat Infiltration, and Risk of Fall in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Elder Women

Background: The association between the quantity and composition of skeletal muscle and the decline in physical function in elderly is poorly understood. Therefore, the primary aim of this cross-over study was to investigate the association between thigh intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) infiltration, appendicular muscle mass, and risk of fall in postmenopausal osteoporotic elder women. Second, we examined the differences in muscle mass, IMAT, and risk of fall in the same sample of older subjects after being classified as sarcopenic or nonsarcopenic on the basis of the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMMI). Methods: Twenty-nine subjects (age: 72.4 ± 6.8; BMI: 23.0 ± 3.3; and T-score: −2.7 ± 0.2) completed the following clinical evaluations: (1) whole-body DXA to assess the ASMMI; (2) magnetic resonance to determine the cross-sectional muscle area (CSA) and IMAT of thigh muscles, expressed both in absolute (IMAT_abs) and relative (IMAT_rel) values; and (3) risk of fall assessment through the OAK system (Khymeia, Noventa Padovana, Italy). The existence of a correlation between the risk of fall (OAK scores, an automated version of the Brief-BESTest) and the clinical parameters (ASMMI, CSA, IMAT_rel, and IMAT_abs) was tested by the Pearson’s correlation index while data homogeneity between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic subjects was tested through unpaired Student t tests or with the Mann-Whitney rank test. Effect sizes (ES) were used to determine the magnitude of the effect for all significant outcomes. Results: Eleven subjects were classified as sarcopenic and 18 as nonsarcopenic based on their ASMMI (cutoff value: 5.5 kg/m²). A positive correlation between OAK and CSA was observed (r² = 0.19; p = 0.033), whereas a negative correlation between OAK and IMAT_rel was detected (r² = 0.27; p = 0.009). No correlations were observed between OAK and ASMMI and between ASMMI and IMAT_rel. Sarcopenic subjects showed significantly lower weight (p = 0.002; ES = 1.30, large), BMI (p = 0.0003; ES = 1.82, large), CSA (p = 0.010; ES = 1.17, moderate), and IMAT_abs (p = 0.022; ES = 1.63, large) than nonsarcopenic individuals, whereas OAK scores and IMAT_rel were similar between groups. Discussion/Conclusion: Increased IMAT and lower CSA in the thigh muscles are associated with higher risk of fall while ASMMI, a value of appendicular muscle mass, was not associated with physical performance in older adults.

EDU KRISZA (KRITERIA JAJANAN SEHAT BEBAS ZAT ADITIF) KULINER LOKAL KUE BANJAR

The characteristics of healthy snacks are containing healthy nutrition criteria, clean, and free from harmful additives, so it is safe to consume. Banjar cake is a sweet and crunchy cake made from glutinous rice flour with original flavors, chocolate and ginger. So, this community service entitled "Edu Krisza (criteria for healthy snacks free from additives), a typical Banjarese cake, culinary of Sumbernongko village". Some of the reasons why this Banjar cake has not become the main daily snack of the community are: 1) limited human resources, limited people who makes this Banjar cakes, because there is remain elder women only who can make Banjar cake in Nongko village, from 4 other villages; 2) Limited marketing including packaging factors and women who produce Banjar cake do not have ability in science and technology to promote; 3) limited consumers, which are only produced based on demands or certain events. These are the stages: 1) educational training on the criteria for healthy snacks free from additives; 2) Simulation of making Banjar cake; 3) Online marketing of Banjar cake through social media (Facebook, YouTube and Instagram).

DNA mismatch repair deficiency and p53 abnormality are age-related events in mixed endometrial carcinoma with a clear cell component

Mixed endometrial carcinoma (MEC) is defined as a tumor composed of two or more spatially distinct subtypes, at least one of which is serous or clear cell carcinoma. In this study, the clinicopathological features of 15 MEC cases containing a clear cell component (MEC-C) were investigated. The ages of patients ranged from 32 to 83 years (median, 61 years). The combinations of carcinoma components observed were endometrioid and clear cell in ten patients; endometrioid, clear cell and serous in three; and clear cell and serous in two. Immunohistochemically, nine had DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency (MMR-d), nine had loss of ARID1A and three cases had aberrant p53 expression. MMR-d and loss of ARID1A showed a strong correlation. Only one case showed both MMR-d and aberrant p53 expression. The patients with MMR-d were younger than those without MMR-d (median; 58 years vs. 71 years). Loss of ARID1A also showed significant predilection for younger women than ARID1A intact cases. In conclusion, MMR-d was observed in 60 % of MEC-C, showed predilection for young women, and was associated with ARID1A loss. In contrast, non- MMR-d MEC-C occurred in elder women and some tumors may associate with TP53 mutation. These findings suggest that MEC-C develop via two different molecular mechanisms and they are age-related events.

Abstract PS4-28: Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy stratified by age and the 21 gene recurrence score in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Abstract Background: The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) can predict chemotherapy benefit in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer patients. The TAILORx showed that age would influence the interaction between RS and chemotherapy effect, and patients ≤50 years with RS &amp;gt;15 can benefit from chemotherapy. The current study aimed to determine the RS threshold that can predict chemotherapy benefit in both young and elder women. Methods: Patients diagnosed with pN0-1, ER+/HER2- breast cancer between 2009 and 2016 at Shanghai Ruijin hospital were retrospectively reviewed. A one-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed between women receiving chemotherapy or not. Patients were then stratified by different cutoffs of age (range, 30-65 years). In each prespecified strata of age, cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the RS threshold which was predictive of chemotherapy benefit. Results: A total of 1227 patients were included. The median age was 58 years and the median RS was 24. After matching, the RS values that can manifest the chemotherapy benefit varied with age. For patients at 55 years of age or younger, apparent chemotherapy benefit was observed in those who had RS &amp;gt;25 (P = 0.03), with 4-year invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) rate of 97.0% and 89.3% in patients receiving chemotherapy or not. While patients derived no benefit from chemotherapy if they had RS ≤25 (P = 0.66, 4-year IDFS rate: 95.3% vs. 94.6%). However, for patients older than 55 years, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with better prognosis in those with RS &amp;gt;36 (P = 0.014, 4-year IDFS rate: 94.7% vs. 76.2%), but not in those having RS ≤36 (P = 0.13, 4-year IDFS rate: 92.3% vs. 95.8%). Conclusions: The RS threshold to demonstrate the chemotherapy benefit differed with age. Young patients with RS &amp;gt;25 and old patients with RS &amp;gt;36 could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival of breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or not stratified by age and theChemoendocrine therapyEndocrine therapyP-value4-year IDFS rate (%)95% CI (%)4-year IDFS rate (%)95% CI (%)≤55 yearsRS ≤2595.390.7-100.094.689.6-100.00.66RS &amp;gt;2597.091.3-100.089.382.0-97.30.03&amp;gt;55 yearsRS ≤3692.387.7-97.295.892.1-99.60.13RS &amp;gt;3694.787.9-100.076.252.1-100.00.014 Citation Format: Jing Yu, Caijin Lin, Jiahui Huang, Jin Hong, Weiqi Gao, Siji Zhu, Hui Wang, Ou Huang, Xiaosong Chen, Jianrong He, Li Zhu, Weiguo Chen, Yafen Li, Kunwei Shen, Jiayi Wu. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy stratified by age and the 21 gene recurrence score in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS4-28.

Особливості розробки індивідуального стилю для жінок старшої вікової групи

The aim of the article is to study trends in clothing design for women of elder age group, to present the results of practical application of the styles synthesis in the individual image design. The integrated approach that combines sociological, psychological, art research methods have been used in the article. Method of interview, analytical, comparative, design-graphic, image-stylistic, image-associative methods have been applied. Women`s age groups determination approaches in the scientific literature have been analysed; the importance of aesthetic and psychological cues in the development of individual style for elder women is examined; the basic stylistic decisions on the example of the studied age group female images have been offered. The scientific novelty is in the determination of relationship between the aesthetic and psychological aspects and women`s clothing modern styles structure adaptation to the female consumer audience over the age of 45 needs. Practical significance is in the application of styles synthesis methods in the individual images development for different purposes for the studied age category. The obtained results can be used in the practical activities of stylists and fashion designers, in teaching practice in "Design" course.

Decision-making capacity to address climate-induced food insecurity within women-led groups in Southern Mali

The following study examines climate change in Mali, and its impacts on food security. This will be explored through the experiences of women, using feminist political ecology as an analytical framework. This research builds upon previous work that explores the intra-gender power imbalances that exacerbate the impacts of climate change within agrarian households. We find that polygynous households are sites of power differences, which perpetuates food insecurity. Within households, women are often excluded from decision-making processes that help mitigate climate-stressed food production. Beyond households, options to collaborate and seek support do exist, and are successful when women are granted agency to determine how resources are used. However, these strategies are available to a minority of individuals, and access is often limited to elder women. That said, despite the potential of women-led groups within and outside of households, such groups are subject to unequal distribution of power. As a result, women-led networks are not yet able to thoroughly address climate-sensitive agricultural challenges and continue to marginalize young women.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for maintaining stamina in Madura ethnic, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Fathir A, Haikal M, Wahyudi D. 2021. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used for maintaining stamina in Madura ethnic, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 386-392. The use of herbal medicine that expands rapidly across the world opens a lot of opportunities for drug exploration and discovery through ethnobotanical study. Therefore, countries with high level of biological and cultural diversity like Indonesia have great opportunities to achieve this goal, and even Indonesia has its own term for a group of herbal medicine, called jamu. This research aimed to conduct ethnobotanical study of jamu used by Madura ethnic in Pamekasan District, Madura Island, Indonesia by focusing on the specific use of it for maintaining stamina. Structured interviews with purposively selected respondents of 80 knowledgeable elder women were performed to gain insights about the medicinal herb used by them. Our study found 10 recipes of jamu used by Madura ethnic for maintaining stamina. These recipes contain 19 medicinal plants belonging to 16 genera and 11 families, with the family of Zingiberaceae contributed to the largest share of species used with eight species. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) was the species with the highest use-value by the respondents and the rhizomes were the most favorable plant organ used. In conclusion, the diversity of medicinal plants used by Madura ethnic could contribute to the development of new plant-based drugs, especially those for maintaining stamina.

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery: Perspective in Elder Women.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal convention first reported for colorectal and gynecologic procedures. The main benefits have been a shorter length of stay and reduced complications, leading to improved clinical outcomes and cost savings substantially. With increase in life expectancy, recent years has shown a significant rise in advanced age population, and similarly, a rise in age-related disorders requiring surgical management. Due to pathophysiological and metabolic changes in geriatric age group with increased incidence of medical comorbidities, there is higher risk of enhanced surgical stress response with undesirable postoperative morbidity, complications, prolonged immobility, and extended convalescence. The feasibility and effectiveness of ERAS protocols have been well researched and documented among all age groups, including the geriatric high-risk population.[1] Adhering to ERAS protocols after colorectal surgery showed no significant difference in postoperative complications, hospital stay, or readmission rate among various age groups.[2] A recent report mentions the safety and benefits following ERAS guidelines with reduced length of stay in elderly patients with short-level lumbar fusion surgery.[3] The concept of prehabilitation has evolved as an integral part of ERAS to build up physiological reserve, especially in geriatric high-risk group, and to adapt better to surgical stress.[4] High levels of compliance with ERAS interventions combined with prehabilitation can be achieved when a dedicated multidisciplinary team is involved in care of these high-risk patients.

Influence of intradialytic systolic blood pressure changes on arteriovenous access thrombosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Arteriovenous access (AV) thrombosis is an important and preventable problem amongst chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) fluctuation relates to higher cardiovascular mortality amongst these patients. We proposed there is a close relation between SBP changes and arteriovenous (AV) access thrombosis. We also determined other risk factors and biochemical parameters related to AV access failure. 50 HD patients with thrombosis and 50 HD patients without thrombosis were included in the study. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models to determine the association between potential thrombosis-related risk factors and thrombosis risk. Elder adults, women, and patients with AV grafts, lower intradialytic SBP and higher SBP variations during HD sessions had higher incidence of AV access thrombosis. AV access infection and decreased blood flow (BF) velocity were associated with an increased incidence of thrombotic events, whereas the use of anti-thrombotic agents was associated with a decreased incidence of thrombotic events. Further, anaemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and impaired mineral metabolism parameters were also found to be associated with AV access thrombosis. Close monitoring and management of intradialytic hypotension and SBP fluctuation in every HD session are important. Some important and novel modifiable risk factors related to AV access thrombosis were identified in this study (eg, AV access infection, decreased BF and abnormal biochemical parameters, etc). Earlier surveillance and modification of these risk factors is crucial to prevent AV access failure in HD patients.

Retrospective analysis and mining of data from 10 840 patients undergoing non-invasive prenatal screening

To retrospectively analyze non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) data from two centers. The NIPS results of 10 840 samples were analyzed, including 21/18/13 trisomies (T21/T18/T13), sex chromosome and other autosomal aneuploidies, and copy number variants (CNVs). The maternal age, gestational week, body mass index and concentration of free fetal DNA (cffDNA) were also analyzed. The average gestational age of the 10 840 pregnant women was (32.34±5.04) year old, and the average gestational week for NIPS was (17.60±3.55) week. The overall false positive rate for T21/T18/T13 was 0.11%, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 99.89%, and positive predictive value was 81.5%. The positive predictive values for sex chromosome and other autosomal aneuploidies and CNVs were 56.67%, 11.76% and 83.33%, respectively. The incidence of T21/T18 in the elder women (35 years or elder) was 2.12 times(P<0.01) and 1.81 times (P> 0.05) that of young women. cffDNA was in proportion to gestational week (r = 0.207) and in inverse proportion to body mass index (r = -0.177). It has increased slowly before 15 weeks of gestation and thereafter at a rate of 0.5% per week after the 16th week. The performance of NIPS in this study is by large close to the reported in the literature, and the results can provide a reference for further study.

Effects of Progressive Resistance Training on Cognition and IGF-1 Levels in Elder Women Who Live in Areas with High Air Pollution.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a muscular strength programme on the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cognitive status in elder women with mild cognitive impairment who lived in areas of high air pollution. A total of 157 women participated in the study, distributed in four groups: Active/Clean (AC n = 38) and Active/Pollution (AP n = 37), who carried out a progressive resistance training programme for 24 months, and Sedentary/Clean (SC n = 40) and Sedentary/Pollution (SP n = 42). Maximum strength in the upper and lower limbs (1RM), cognition (Mini-Mental Scale Examination (MMSE)) and blood IGF-1 were evaluated. At the beginning of the intervention, there were no differences between the groups in the assessed variables. The active groups which carried out the resistance training programme (AC and AP), registered better results in IGF-1 than the sedentary groups. These differences were statistically significant in AC vs. SC (p < 0.01) and AP vs. SC (p < 0.05). Regarding MMSE, group AC registered the highest score increases (+8.2%) (significantly better than the other groups), while group SP worsened (−7%) significantly compared to the other three groups. In conclusion, resistance training had a positive effect on IGF-1, while sedentary behaviour and air pollution had a negative effect on cognitive status.

Renewable energy politics from the perspectives sustainability: Economy, ecology and energy

Many new concepts have been constructed by associating many familiar concepts such as tourism, energy, agriculture and development to the term of sustainability. Some of them are; sustainable development, sustainable agriculture and sustainable tourism etc. Undoubtedly, sustainability is mentioned in many areas such as media, politics, economics and academia. This concept is tried to be gained through the information and practices provided about sustainability to the individuals who make up the society. It is known that sustainability in science education is not evaluated with a holistic approach from the perspective of economy, ecology and energy. If it is assumed that individuals have not theoretical background and culture about sustainability, there can be thought that they will have problem for sustainable lifestyle. Therefore, it can be said that theoretical and practical studies which will help individuals are important in order to a more livable World. The purpose of this study is to construct broad a conceptual framework upon renewable energy policies from the sustainability perspective by linking the terms of economy, ecology and energy known in the literature as 3E. In the method of this research, firstly sustainability is examined from a holistic approach and was developed a model. Then starting from sustainability, socio-scientific issues, production, wastes, ecology, sociology, feminism, cultures, developmental differences, energy production, energy storage and transportation, the renewable ones, photosynthesis, biomass and pyrolysis are connected and interrelated in holistic manner by considering chemistry and politics. In the result of the research, it is arisen that conservative and elder women who is the ability to be happy while consuming less which must be followed and obeyed. By this way, new insights can be obtained and deduced for better inhabitable world peacefully.

Comparison of the 25(OH)D Levels Between Sarcopenia and Frailty in Elder Women: A Cross-Sectional Observation Analytic Study in Elderly Community in Surabaya

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly, specifically in post-menopausal women, are very high. Deficiency of 25(OH)D has a direct impact on decreasing muscle strength and mass that can lead into sarcopenia and frailty. This study aimed to compare the difference levels of 25(OH)D between sarcopenia and frailty in elderly community. Methods: This was a cross-sectional design study. The blood sample were collected to evaluate the levels of 25(OH)D using The Chemiluminescent Immune Assay (CLIA) method. Results: Most of the subjects were at deficiency of 25(OH)D with mean of 16.1 (range level of 6.2-32.7). Subjects with deficiency level of 25(OH)D were 20 (71.4%) with sarcopenia and 23 (85.1%) with frailty. Subjects with an insufficiency level of 25(OH)D were 6 (21.4%) with sarcopenia and 23 (85.1%) with frailty. Subjects with sufficiency level of 25(OH)D were 2 (7.1%) with sarcopenia and 1 (3.7%) with frailty. The median 25(OH)D levels were 17.1 and 13.2 for sarcopenia and frailty, respectively. There was significant differences in levels of 25(OH)D in both groups (p = 0.014). Conclusions: The levels of 25(OH)D of subjects with sarcopenia was significantly higher than those with frailty.

Results of a mindfulness intervention feasibility study among elder African American women: A qualitative analysis

Objectives. Older African Americans have a significantly higher risk than older white Americans for cognitive decline and other health problems. Much of this may be due to the unique stressors, both historically and in-the-moment, that African Americans face in contrast to whites, such as gentrification and health disparities. Gender further exacerbates this effect. This study aims to understand stressors unique to older African American women, as well as coping strengths that have emerged organically over time for use in tailoring stress-reduction mindfulness classes in this community Design and setting. A four-week mindfulness training class adapted from mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) was implemented in a historically black, gentrifying neighborhood in Portland, Oregon with 10 older African American women aged 50–89. Main outcome measures. Focus groups discussed stressors, coping, responses to mindfulness classes, and preferences to better reflect older African American cultural values and norms. Results. Stressors reflected participants’ intersectionality as older black women, including neighborhood and workplace race-based microagressions, and gentrification-related cultural and generational incongruences. Coping strategies included self-care, remembering core-self amidst stress, and drawing strength from family and faith. Participants found mindfulness classes appropriate for addressing stress and felt that classes provided a forum for connecting on issues of race and community. Conclusion. Tailoring classes to older African American women should consider integrating biblical teachings, African American instructors who understand socio-historical contexts of older black women’s stressors and strengths, and time for group-reflection to support community building.