El Colegio Research Articles

Political Culture in Spanish America, 1500–1830 by Jaime E. Rodríguez O.

Reviewed by: Political Culture in Spanish America, 1500–1830 by Jaime E. Rodríguez O. Jordana Dym Jaime E. Rodríguez O. Political Culture in Spanish America, 1500–1830. u of nebraska p, 2017. 294 pp. jaime e. rodríguez o. has built a distinguished career as a historian of Spanish America, with a primary focus on what Atlanticists call the Age of Revolutions (1750–1850). His studies, drawing on extensive research into the government institutions, individual policy makers, and communities of the Kingdom of Quito and the Viceroyalty of New Spain (today's Ecuador and Mexico, respectively), have long offered a comparative framework with the rest of Spanish America and also with comparable cases in British North American and European imperial history. This volume is a compilation of eight individual articles and lectures from the past twenty years, some of which were previously published in two volumes in Spanish as "Lo político" en el mundo Hispánico (El Colegio de Michoacán, 2015). Most of the chapters first appeared during the spate of commemorations of Spanish American independence, which began with the 2008 bicentenary of the abdication of Ferdinand VII and culminated with the 2012 bicentenial of the adoption of the Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy by deputies at the Cortes of Cádiz. For those familiar with Rodriguez's work in both English and Spanish, the book offers a retrospective examination and synthesis of his long-standing focus on Spanish American political culture. Through his work, the reader traces an intellectual lineage encompassing pioneering studies on elections, independence, and political culture in Mexico during the 1810s and 1820s by his mentor, Nettie Lee Benson (1905–93) of the University of Texas at Austin, classic works by Miguel Artola, Antonio Annino, François-Xavier Guerra, and William Robertson and more recent scholarship since 2000. For those new to Rodriguez's work, the volume's selections offer a satisfying introduction to a scholarly program whose mission is to recover and demonstrate Spanish America's long-standing political culture of active participation by individuals and groups, including city councils, the clergy, and the military. This perspective counters a long-standing tendency in Anglo-American scholarship to view the Spanish case through the lens of the Black Legend, which long resulted in scholars discounting Spanish and Spanish American contributions to and [End Page 333] intertwining with European and Euramerican political history. Whether explaining sixteenth-century Spanish political theory, eighteenth-century Mexican correspondence, or nineteenth-century South American manifestos, Rodriguez's clear prose offers an important and accessible approach to Spanish American history. His work offers a degree of detail and nuance more often found in scholarship on Spanish America published in Latin America or Europe, including Mónica Quijada, Virginia Guedea, Victor Manuel Peralta Ruiz, Marta Irurozqui Victoriano, and Federica Morelli, with whose work Rodriguez is in an extended dialogue. Regrettably, this perspective has not always been taken into account by scholars working in North America. The book opens with an excellent introduction to and overview of the nature of representation in the Spanish Empire, followed by three chapters on the Kingdom of Quito in the early nineteenth century describing the origins of the Revolution of 1809, clerical culture, and multiethnic citizenship in the era of the Cortes of Cádiz and the early Spanish nation. The next two chapters situate Spanish American independence in hemispheric and Atlantic perspective, addressing abiding questions, such as why Spanish America has lagged behind its Anglo-American counterparts in economic and political stability and development since the nineteenth century. Overall, Rodriguez presents a persuasive portrait of Quito's adaptation to Bourbon governance and finds a common point of departure for Spanish American, British American, and French American political independence in defense of rights and autonomy within monarchies. His work shows that movements led by people identifying as Spaniards, Britons, and Frenchmen transform and diverge in response to internal social and political structures, access to economic capital and natural resources, and timing. The chapter comparing US and Spanish American independence periods argues more extensively that Spanish Americans did not slavishly follow an Anglo-American model. Rather, they chose to remain within the Spanish Monarchy despite...

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Biological field stations and scientific knowledge: the case of mammals in forests of the Chiapas highlands, México

The San Jose Biological Station (SJBE) is the first temperate station in the Chiapas Highlands dedicated to preserve the last wildlife refuges in the area. Comprehensive studies in biological stations are a top priority to generate scientific knowledge, as well as to manage, maintain and conserve both the species and the ecological systems to which they belong. Field sampling was carried out in 2007, 2010, 2015, and 2016 at SJBE. Rodents were captured with Sherman traps; shrews, with Pitfall traps; and bats, with mist nets. Medium-sized and large mammals were recorded by direct observation. The species recorded were listed by their common name in Spanish and Tzotzil. In addition, a bibliographic search was conducted and the databases of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and the Mammal Collection at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur were used. The conservation status of each species was identified based on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Mexican Official Norm 059 (NOM-059) by SEMARNAT. The list of mammals recorded at SJBE includes 23 species in 8 orders and 13 families. Of the total number of species, two are endemic to Chiapas, Peromyscus zarhynchus and Cryptotis griseoventris. In the IUCN, Cryptotis griseoventris is listed as endangered (with few records for 62 years), and Peromyscus zarhynchus as vulnerable. In NOM-059, Reithrodontomys microdon is listed as threatened and P. zarhynchus as subject to special protection. Oak-pine forests at SJBE are essential for the maintenance of biodiversity in the region, offer resources and preserve the local native fauna. The creation of spaces for research on the biota is a key tool to understand the impacts and threats that currently affect forests in the Chiapas Highlands.

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Desigualdades y justicia social: informe Desigualdades en México 2018

En una época en la que es difícil sustraerse al discurso de “las políticas basadas en evidencia” y en un ambiente marcado por el cierre de las campañas electorales, y con ello de cierta saturación de mensajes en el espacio público, El Colegio de México presentó, en junio pasado, el informe Desigualdades en México 2018. Aunque sus páginas no presentan recomendaciones de política, el informe tiene el propósito manifiesto de alimentar la discusión pública y “las plataformas de los candidatos en las elecciones presidenciales de 2018”. Elaborado a partir de los trabajos que, de tiempo atrás y desde diversas disciplinas científicas, desarrollan investigadores de este centro de enseñanza e investigación, el informe constituye una suerte de libro blanco que presenta algunas expresiones concretas de la desigualdad en México, entre 2000 y 2017, y con ello conforma un diagnóstico amplio y ambicioso de ese problema social.

Silvio Zavala y la institucionalización/ profesionalización de la historia en México, 1933-1950

En el artículo exploro el papel que jugó Silvio Zavala en el proceso de institucionalización y profesionalización de la historia en México. Se analiza el valor historiográfico de sus primeras obras producidas durante su estancia en España bajo la guía de Rafael Altamira y Crevea (1933) y las alianzas y vínculos nacionales e internacionales que estableció a su regreso a México desde 1936. Argumento que el prestigio como académico e historiador le permitió a Zavala ser uno de los creadores de publicaciones como la Revista de Historia de América y promotor fundamental de instituciones como El Colegio de México en el que formó a múltiples generaciones de estudiantes e investigadores. La investigación finaliza en 1950, último año de su gestión como director del Centro de Estudios Históricos. En este trabajo se utilizan tanto fuentes de archivo como bibliográficas poco estudiadas con anterioridad.

Autogestão popular e autoeducação: a experiência de Oaxaca – México (2006)

Trata-se de resenha do livro El Pueblo ensaya la revolución. La APPO y el sistema de dominación oaxaqueño. Esse livro, de autoria de Marco Estrada Saavedra, foi publicado em em 2016 por El Colégio de México, Centro de Estudios Sociológicos.

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New collection locality of Cryptotis tropicalis (Merriam, 1895) (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) in the south lowlands of Guatemala, Central America

In January 2013, we carried out a mammal inventory in the south lowlands of Guatemala (elevation below 500 m), in the south slope of the Tecuamburro Volcano, in Taxisco, Santa Rosa. The area is immersed in Subtropical Very Wet Forest (Castañeda 2008). We captured a male adult shrew in a pitfall container located within a riparian forest, following the river bank locally known as El Pajal, at 410 msnm (14,119N, -90,505W). The specimen was collected, and prepared as dried skin and skull following the protocols of The Animal Care and Use Committee (Gannon et al. 2007). As a collaboration agreement, it was housed as voucher in the Mammals Collection of El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico

Identificación de ventajas y desventajas de los canales de comercialización en las economías campesinas de dos municipios de Meta y Cundinamarca, Colombia

Una de las principales funciones de la economía campesina es la producción de alimentos para autoconsumo. Esta actividad es realizada sin desmedro de la generación de excedentes para comercializar y así satisfacer otras necesidades básicas; de esta forma las familias campesinas organizan su producción. En este contexto, los campesinos buscan diferentes canales para comercializar sus productos. Para los casos estudiados, municipios de Fuente de Oro, departamento del Meta; y El Colegio, departamento de Cundinamarca, la comercialización se hace a través del Programa Mercados Campesinos, pero también por medio de otros canales fuera del Programa. Mediante la metodología ‘Circuitos de Mercados Campesinos’ se hizo acompañamiento a una familia de cada municipio, con el fin de identificar ventajas y desventajas de los canales de comercialización usados por ellos. Los hallazgos muestran que la comercialización a través de los Mercados Campesinos es la preferida, aún cuando se continúa en la búsqueda de canales propios para comercializar. La limitante más relevante que se identificó durante el proceso es el transporte, lo cual hace que el campesinado recurra a la intermediación.

Modelo de simulación relacionado con la influencia de la fuerza de trabajo en la cadena de suministro del mango en la región del Tequendama. Caso el colegio

Este artículo presenta la importancia, el papel y la influencia que ejerce la fuerza de trabajo dentro de la cadena productiva del mango en sus procesos cuando esta incluye el eslabón de recuperación, buscando que este sea beneficiado a través de programas de incentivos por parte de entidades públicas o privadas, permitiendo una alternativa de oferta de trabajo para la población. Es así como la influencia que ejerce la fuerza de trabajo puede ser el punto más fuerte o, por el contrario, el eslabón más débil y vulnerable en el desarrollo óptimo de la cadena productiva, por lo que su estudio resulta indispensable a la hora de evaluar la puesta en marcha de este eslabón y los tipos de incentivos y las cantidades necesarias para generar el impacto esperado. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se tomó como referencia el caso de la región del Tequendama - El Colegio.A partir del uso y aplicación de modelos de simulación desde la dinámica de sistemas, se realizó el estudio del comportamiento de las variables que participan en el proceso, validando la influencia que ejerce la fuerza de trabajo sobre este eslabón frente a los incentivos que puedan recibir y el impacto ambiental generado.Finalmente, se concluye que los incentivos contemplados en forma de beneficios tributarios o montos específicos de dinero para los productores o para las industrias son viables en el margen legal y gubernamental dentro de la cadena, tendrían un aporte significativo al impacto ambiental en el sistema de producción y contribuirían a las políticas legales y sociales de la comunidad al generar nuevos empleos.

Review: México y Filipinas: culturas y memorias sobre el Pacífico by Thomas Calvo y Paulina Machuca, eds.

Book Review| November 01 2017 Review: México y Filipinas: culturas y memorias sobre el Pacífico by Thomas Calvo y Paulina Machuca, eds. Thomas Calvo y Paulina Machuca, eds. México y Filipinas: culturas y memorias sobre el Pacífico, Zamora, Michoacán (México): El Colegio de Michoacán & Quezon City, Manila (Philippines): Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2016. 411 pp. John D. Blanco John D. Blanco University of California, San Diego John D. Blanco teaches the literatures and cultures of early modern globalization under the Spanish Empire (Philippine, Latin American, and Asian) and modern Philippine and Asian-American literatures at the University of California, San Diego. He is the author of Frontier Constitutions: Christianity and Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth Century Philippines (UC Press 2009; University of the Philippines Press 2010). His current book manuscript engages in a comparative study of missionary and indigenous collaboration and conflict in the reinterpretation of the Conquest in the Philippines between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. His articles have appeared in the Radical History Review, Postcolonial Studies, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (Kyoto), and Amerasia journal, as well as various book anthologies. He serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Early Modern Cultural Studies. At UCSD he is the Associate Dean for Faculty Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in the Division of Arts and Humanities (DAH). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos (2017) 33 (3): 449–451. https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2017.33.3.449 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation John D. Blanco; Review: México y Filipinas: culturas y memorias sobre el Pacífico by Thomas Calvo y Paulina Machuca, eds.. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 1 November 2017; 33 (3): 449–451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/msem.2017.33.3.449 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentMexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2017 by The Regents of the University of California2017 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Hidden biodiversity in entomological collections: The overlooked co-occurrence of dipteran and hymenopteran ant parasitoids in stored biological material.

Biological collections around the world are the repository of biodiversity on Earth; they also hold a large quantity of unsorted, unidentified, or misidentified material and can house behavioral information on species that are difficult to access or no longer available to science. Among the unsorted, alcohol-preserved material stored in the Formicidae Collection of the ‘El Colegio de la Frontera Sur’ Research Center (Chetumal, Mexico), we found nine colonies of the ponerine ant Neoponera villosa, that had been collected in bromeliads at Calakmul (Campeche, Mexico) in 1999. Ants and their brood were revised for the presence of any sign of parasitism. Cocoons were dissected and their content examined under a stereomicroscope. Six N. villosa prepupae had been attacked by the ectoparasitoid syrphid fly Hypselosyrphus trigonus Hull (Syrphidae: Microdontinae), to date the only known dipteran species of the Microdontinae with a parasitoid lifestyle. In addition, six male pupae from three colonies contained gregarious endoparasitoid wasps. These were specialized in parasitizing this specific host caste as no gyne or worker pupae displayed signs of having been attacked. Only immature stages (larvae and pupae) of the wasp could be obtained. Due to the long storage period, DNA amplification failed; however, based on biological and morphological data, pupae were placed in the Encyrtidae family. This is the first record of an encyrtid wasp parasitizing N. villosa, and the second example of an encyrtid as a primary parasitoid of ants. Furthermore, it is also the first record of co-occurrence of a dipteran ectoparasitoid and a hymenopteran endoparasitoid living in sympatry within the same population of host ants. Our findings highlight the importance of biological collections as reservoirs of hidden biodiversity, not only at the taxonomic level, but also at the behavioral level, revealing complex living networks. They also highlight the need for funding in order to carry out biodiversity inventories and manage existing collections.

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Carmen Lyra. Benemérita de la Patria

Maria Isabel Carvajal Castro, Carmen Lyra, was born in San Jose, Costa Rica, January 7, 1888. Graduated as a school teacher in el Colegio Superior de Senoritas in 1904. Lyra established, with some friends, the Centro de Estudios Sociales Gerrminal in 1912. She became part of the revolutionary movement that overthrew the Tinoco´s dictatorship in 1919. She obtained a scholarship from the Government of Costa Rica to study the montessori method in France. The Ministry of Education, appointed Lyra as a teacher in the Escuela Normal de Costa Rica in 1921. Many articles and books were written by Lyra. As a result, she is considered the founder of the narrative technique in Costa Rica. The Escuela Maternal was also found by Lyra, as the first montessori school in Costa Rica. She became a member and a leader of the Communist Party in the 30´s. Constitutional amendments of Social Guarantees, the Labor Act, and the establishment of the Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (health care institution) were proposed by Lyra and collegues to be part of the legal system in 1940 in Costa Rica. Conservative groups opposed these legal transformations and expelled Carmen Lyra out of the country in 1948. She died in Mexico City on May 14, 1949. She was declared Nation´s Distinguished Citizen on April 26, 2016, sixty seven years after her death.

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Fracturar las fronteras carcelarias. Notas en torno a una investigación sobre la sexualidad en situación de reclusión

La presente nota de investigación presenta avances teóricos de la tesis que se desarrolla actualmente en el Doctorado en Ciencia Social con especialidad en Sociología de El Colegio de México. Tiene como tema general la construcción de espacios y la puesta en marcha de prácticas sexuales que se llevan a cabo como formas ilícitas de usos corporales dentro de un reclusorio. En este trabajo se considera a la sexualidad como campo político que permite poner en evidencia tensiones, relaciones de poder, mandatos de género y usos lícitos e ilícitos del cuerpo. El contexto de reclusión pone en evidencia una serie de trasgresiones, acomodaciones, rupturas y fracturas espacio-temporales, donde la sexualidad resulta el campo privilegiado que permite tales fisuras.

José Medina Echavarría: una mirada sobre América Latina desde la sociología económica y la teoría 1952-1977

José Medina Echavarría é um dos sociólogos mais importantes da América Latina no século xx. Reconhecido como um dos principais intelectuais do exílio espanhol de 1939, suas contribuições à institucionalização das ciências sociais foram decisivas no Colégio do México, na Flacso e naCepal. Neste artigo, apresento um panorama geral do pensamento sociológico de Medina, sua profunda preocupação sobre a crise da modernidade, assim como suas ideias sobre o novo papel das ciências sociais na América Latina. Foi membro da Cepal durante 25 anos (1952-1977), período no qual se pode notar uma clara transição entre suas ideias sobre a teoria e os conceitos sociológicos e o balanço crítico sobre os efeitos das políticas econômicas e sociais para os países em via de desenvolvimento. Tais ideias tem como base a sua análise da sociologia econômica de Max Weber.

Peasant economy sustainability in peasant markets, Colombia

ABSTRACTThe primary objective of this research was to thoroughly assess the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of 10 peasant farming production systems linked to Peasant Markets by means of economic, monetary and energy balances, and social analysis. Semistructured interview techniques were employed for data collection during the year 2011. Only three farming production systems—El Colegio, Villarrica, and Tuta—were comprehensively sustainable. In sum, peasant valuation of social and environmental benefits, agroecology, family labor, food self-sufficiency, short food supply chains, market linkage, collective cooperation, peasant pluriactivity, and food processing were all related to the strong sustainability of the peasant economy.

Educación ambiental: una alternativa para la conservación del manglar

El manglar constituye un ecosistema irremplazable, del cual las comunidades humanas extraen diversos recursos para sobrevivir. Resulta fundamental divulgar la importancia de este ecosistema como refugio de muchas especies de la flora y la fauna así como el uso racional del mismo. La educación ambiental es necesaria para ayudar a la concientización sobre la problemática que enfrentan los bosques de manglares en la actualidad. Las actividades de Educación Ambiental constituyen parte del proyecto Restauración de áreas de manglar impactadas por obras de dragado en el sistema lagunar de Chantuto que desde abril de 2003 realiza El Colegio de la Frontera Sur con financiamiento de la Comisión Nacional de Acuacultura y Pesca (CONAPESCA) en las Escuelas Primarias Juan Escutia y Francisco Villa en la Comunidad de Santa Isabel, dentro de la Reserva de la Biosfera La Encrucijada. El objetivo es que mediante pláticas, exposición de videos, juegos y otras actividades escolares se cree conciencia en los niños de nivel primaria sobre la importancia ecológica y económica del cuidado y la preservación de los recursos del manglar en beneficio de las comunidades. Los temas principales son: el manglar y sus recursos; los principales impactos de las actividades sobre la zona costera; la importancia de la conservación, el manejo y la restauración de los bosques de manglar; las lagunas costeras y estuarios; la problemática de las obras de dragado sobre estos sistemas; el manejo del agua, el suelo, la basura y el cuidado de la salud, etc. Adicionalmente, mediante talleres para la protección del manglar, se ha logrado involucrar a algunas personas mayores en este proyecto, a través de actividades que muestran la problemática y acciones para un aprovechamiento racional del manglar y sus recursos.