Ekiti State Research Articles

Fulani Herdsmen Counter-productive Activities and Food Insecurity among Food Crop Farmers: Evidence from Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria

Fulani Herdsmen Counter-productive Activities and Food Insecurity among Food Crop Farmers: Evidence from Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria

Assessing the diagnostic impact of P63, PSA and BCL-2 proteins in premalignant and malignant prostate tissues

Background: Prostate cancer (CaP) is increasingly becoming a major health issue affecting men as cancer-related fatalities are attributable to the condition. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) diagnostic criteria can help in gene-targeted therapy and help reduce its prevalence. This study is to assess the diagnostic impact of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), P63 and BCL-2 antibodies in CaP. Method: A case-controlled retrospective study was carried out on eighty (80) prostrate tissue blocks retrieved from the pathology archive of Ekiti State university teaching hospital Ado Ekiti. IHC analysis of the selected antibodies was carried out and also stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) for second opinion and confirmation. Results: The study showed that all the CaP samples had 100% positivity with varying reactivity to the IHC biomarkers; PSA had 100% positivity and MPR of 94% due to its multiple weaknesses as a biomarker p63 is a basal cells marker. Conclusions: The expressions of these antibodies were observed in the progression of CaP. Although these markers are useful in predicting the progression from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to CaP, none of them can be utilised in isolation to a conclusion. Hence, they should be used in conjunction with one another to make up for their limitations. The immunohistochemical markers are beneficial in CaP diagnosis.

BUSINESS RISK CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS’ STUDENTS IN EKITI STATE NIGERIA

Risk control techniques are key instrument for enhancing the entrepreneurial successes required in tertiary students in the face of herculean economic hardship. This study examined the nexus between risk control techniques and business performance among selected tertiary institutions’ students in Ekiti State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design cum double sampling techniques comprising purposive and convenience. The study further employed a structured questionnaire to gather data from a sample size of two hundred and sixty-seven (267) participants. Descriptive statistic, Friedman’s rank test and simple regression techniques were adopted in the data analysis. The study showcased the rank-order analysis of risk control techniques and entrepreneurial successes criteria. Further results also revealed the positive relationship between risk control techniques and entrepreneurial successes of selected tertiary institutions’ students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study recommended that educational stakeholders in tertiary institutions ensure that their students are equipped with the necessary understanding of risk management techniques, which can assist them in their respective commercial endeavours. Furthermore, tertiary institutions should incorporate into their entrepreneurship curriculum a variety of risk identification tools that will effectively stimulate the entrepreneurial intention and behaviour of students. Tertiary universities should establish enterprises that can function as incubators for their students to gain practical experience in business development.

Feed Milling Industries Resilience amid COVID-19 in Ekiti State Nigeria

This study analyzed the resilience strategies for small-scale feed milling industries, learning from the COVID-19 pandemic in Ekiti State, Nigeria. 215 small scale feed mills industries were selected by multistage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics, gross margin and regression analysis were used for the analysis of data collected. Results revealed that the mean age for the respondents was 40.45 year. In addition, 91.58% of the feed millers were married while 8.42% were single with a mean household size of 6. 13 years was the mean number of years spent in school. With respect to experience, the respondents had 11 years of feed milling experience. Gross margin results indicated that income after COVID-19 is more than during the COVID-19 showing an N168,330.00 significant (p<0.001) difference indicating that COVID-19 had great consequences on the income. The regression result revealed that sex (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.010), household size (p<0.001), education (p<0.001) and experience (p<0.005) were feed mill profitability determining factors in the study area. Constraints faced during COVID-19 are that lockdown due to COVID-19 hindered operational activities of feed mill (65.26%), COVID-19 causes a total increase in the price of inputs (66.32), reduction in the sales of feeds (69.29%), reduction in work force (65.26%), and loss of raw materials through spoilage (66.32%). The study recommended that feed millers should collaborate with local farmers for the supply of materials at lesser price, rather than buying highcost foreign materials.

Assessment of Women’s Participation in Fish Processing in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This research examined the involvement of women in various stages of fish processing in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A sampling method was used to select 90 women fish processors, and data was collected through structured interviews. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentages, and means, along with charts. Additionally, probit regression analysis was conducted to identify socio-economic factors influencing women's participation in fish processing. The findings revealed that, on average, women involved in fish processing were 38.5 years old, with 57% being married and 28.4% being single. A majority (61.7%) had received formal education, and nearly all (91%) were members of cooperative societies. The study found that women were primarily engaged in scaling, gutting, and sticking (87%), with 60% using the hot smoking method. Most processing equipment was locally fabricated, with 15% using drum ovens, 25% using metal sheets, 45% using clay ovens, and 40% using kilns. The majority (85%) used firewood as a fuel source, and 89% packaged their fish in baskets and paper. The probit regression analysis indicated that age, education, access to credit, and access to markets were positively and significantly related to women's participation in fish processing. Marital status and experience in fish processing were also positively related but not significantly. The study concluded that women utilized various methods, equipment, and energy sources in fish processing. Based on the findings, recommendations were made, including assisting women in forming cooperative societies to enhance their business management skills, prioritizing women in accessing credit and loans, and stabilizing fish product prices to mitigate business risks among women processors.

Exploring the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity among Nigerian adults: a cross-sectional study

Background/ObjectiveNo previous study has investigated the association between dietary pattern and both general and abdominal obesity risk among adults in Nigeria. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of obesity among adult age 18 and above in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria.Methods and study designsA total of 1003 adults were included in this cross-sectional study (males = 558; females = 445). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip (WHR) were used to assess general and abdominal obesity respectively and they were categorized using WHO recommendation. Partial correlation analyses were performed to assess the associations of dietary patterns with BMI and WHR. Prevalence ratio between dietary pattern and both general and abdominal obesity were calculated using Robust Poisson Regression.ResultsThe prevalence of general obesity among adults was 15.9%, (11.6% among men and 20.2% among women); abdominal obesity was 32.3% (28.9% among males and 44.5% among females). Four dietary patterns were identified; diversified traditional pattern; typical traditional pattern; milk and bread pattern and egg and fish pattern. Diversified traditional pattern was negatively associated with BMI (PR = 0.571, 95%CI: 0.360 ~ 0.905, p = 0.017), and typical traditional pattern was positively associated with BMI (PR = 1.561, 95% CI: 1.043 ~ 2.339, p = 0.031) and WHR in females (PR = 1.849, 95% CI: 1.256 ~ 2.721, p = 0.005). In comparison to those in the lowest quartile, adults with the highest quartile of the typical traditional pattern had a higher risk for abdominal obesity (PR = 1.849, 95%CI = 1.256 ~ 2.721, p = 0.020).ConclusionThis study reports an alarming increase in Obesity prevalence among Nigeria adults which is greatly influence by their lifestyle and eating pattern. We found out that a typical traditional food pattern was associated with a higher risk of both general and abdominal obesity, but a diverse traditional food pattern was associated to a reduced risk of general obesity.

Effects of Test Anxiety On Students’ Performance in Mathematics in Senior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State

Effects of Test Anxiety On Students’ Performance in Mathematics in Senior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State

Nutritional status of primary school children and their caregiver's knowledge on malnutrition in rural and urban communities of Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria.

Nutritional imbalance is an underlying cause of 2.6million death annually and a third of child's death globally. This study assessed and compared the nutritional status of primary school children and their caregiver's knowledge on malnutrition in rural and urban communities of Ekiti State. This is a cross-sectional comparative study carried out among 983 urban and rural primary school children in Ekiti State (495 in urban and 488 in rural) using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling technique was used and data collected was analyzed using SPSS 23 with level of statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Underweight and stunting were relatively higher in rural (6.5% and 22.7% respectively) than in urban (6.3% and 19.4% respectively) and these differences are not statistically significant (p = 0.898, p = 0.197). However, wasting, overweight and obesity were higher in urban (12.7%, 6.1% and 7.7% respectively) than rural (11.5%, 3.7% and 7.5% respectively) but the difference is not statistically significant. (p = 0.242). Majority of the caregivers in both settings had good knowledge of malnutrition though higher in urban mothers (89.5%) with statistical significance than their rural counterparts (71.5%). However, there is no significant association between caregiver's knowledge and malnutrition in this study. Being in lower primary school class, relationship with caregiver, educational status of caregiver and occupation of caregiver were the common predictors of malnutrition among the school children in both community settings. Generally, the prevalence of malnutrition was high in both urban and rural primary school children in this study. However, while underweight and stunting were more prevalent among the children in the rural communities, wasting, overweight and obesity were more prevalent in the urban. The caregivers in both communities had good knowledge of malnutrition (better in the urban) but this is not good enough to bring a significant relationship with the occurrence of malnutrition in the children. Common predictors of malnutrition in both community settings are being in lower primary school class, relationship with caregiver, educational status of caregiver and occupation of caregiver. It is therefore recommended that regular continuous public enlightenment, nutritional education programmes and other programmes targeted at improving the economic power of the caregivers are measures that will improve the nutritional status of the primary school children.

Forensic Accounting and Corporate Fraud in Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

This study examined forensic accounting and corporate fraud in Nigerian deposit money banks. The components of the study state that ten employees were randomly selected from ten banks, which represented all of the Deposit Money Banks in Ekiti State, Nigeria. As a result, a purposive sample technique was used to select the Head of Operations, Fund Transfer Officer, Resident Internal Control Officials, and Cash Officials. A self-structured questionnaire used to collect the required data from the respondents underwent a validity and reliability test. Using Cronbach Alpha, the study's dependability coefficient was 0.782, which was considered high. The collected data was examined using multiple regression. In deposit money banks, it was discovered that forensic observation, 0.339 (p=0.041&lt;0.05), 0.530 (p=0.001&lt;0.05), and 0.341 (p=0.013&lt;0.05) respectively, benefited from forensic interview, forensic interrogation, and forensic observation. Furthermore, a positive and significant effect on fraud detection and prevention in deposit money institutions was observed for forensic review, forensic inspection, and forensic documentation, to the tune of 0.291 (p=0.036&lt;0.05), 0.603 (p=0.000&lt;0.05), and 0.611 (p=0.00&lt;0.05), respectively. In terms of fraud detection and prevention, it has been shown that forensic litigation and investigation play a significant role in corporate fraud. Therefore, it was suggested that deposit money institutions use trained forensic accountants who are skilled in implementing the appropriate deterrent measures in order to stop fraud before it starts. This type of research could be expanded to include additional businesses from various industries.

Prevalence of HBV Co-infections with HCV and HIV among Blood Donors in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Blood is a life-saving resource. Despite the significance of blood transfusion in saving a millions life in emergencies and medical treatment, the safety of blood transfusion faced challenges of transmitting life threatening transfusion transmissible infectious agents such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infections among blood donors in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A total of five hundred (500) prospective blood donors age ranged from 18 to 60 years attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital between May to November, 2019 were recruited for the study. Prospective study was based on questionnaires administered to generate socio-demographics and a 5ml venous blood samples were obtained from each blood donors and the plasma was used for determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV using immunoassay rapid test kit (RTK) Diaspot, Belgium and HIV-1 and HIV-2 Determine Alere Medical ,Japan and further tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Biorad Monolisa, France). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV were 4.8%, 1.2% and 1.8% respectively, while co-infections with HBV/ HIV and HBV/HCV were 0.2% and 0.2% respectively and there was no case of triple infections among the blood donors. The incidence rate was high in HBV followed by HIV and HCV. The use of RTK and ELISA for screening of blood donor for HBsAg, anti HCV and HIV in terms of their sensitively and specificity showed that ELISA is more sensitive than RTK while RTK is more specific than ELISA. From the retrospective study age and gender distribution was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). A significance difference was observed between married blood donors and HIV infection (P &lt; 0.05) and also blood donors with history of blood transfusion showed statistical significant to HBV and HCV (P &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among blood donors were found to be statistically associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, surgical operation, multiple sex partners and tattooing (P &lt; 0.05). This study shows that the prevalence of HBV infection in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State ,Nigeria was higher than HCV and HIV, hence there is need to increase public awareness of the socio-cultural practices that contribute to the transmission of infection.

Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Performance of Employees in Tertiary Institutions: The Mediating Role of Work Motivation

Emotional intelligence is an important concept in organisational psychology that plays a significant role in the performance of employees. Despite this, empirical investigation on the mediating role of work motivation in the relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance is under-researched. Hence, this study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance with the introduction of work motivation as a mediating variable. The descriptive survey involved a heterogeneous sample of 370 non-academic staff from selected tertiary institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The relationship between EI and performance was tested using multiple linear regression, while the mediation model was analysed through the Hayes bootstrapping method in SPSS version 25. Findings from the study suggested self-emotion appraisal and regulation of emotion as statistically significant predictors of job performance. Work motivation was found to partially mediate the relationship between EI and job performance among the sample.

Evaluating the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (CBI-SS) among faculty of arts students of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

The Copenhagen burnout inventory-student survey (CBI-SS) has shown promising psychometric properties in diverse student populations. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Nigerian version of the CBI-SS. This was a cross-sectional study of 635 students from Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized to assess the CBI-SS validity. The reliability score of the CBI-SS was 0.957, ranging from 0.862 to 0.914 for the subscales. Correlation coefficients among the four CBI-SS factors ranged from 0.507 to 0.713. The CFA indicated an adequate goodness-of-fit for the four-factor model of the CBI-SS with the sample data. However, Item 10 was removed due to unacceptably low Average Variance Extracted score. The four factors demonstrated a negative correlation with both General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Cumulative Grade Point Average. Furthermore, both self-reported burnout and perceived course stress showed associations with the CBI-SS, where lower levels of burnout corresponded with lower median scores on the CBI-SS scales. This study underscores the significance of the CBI-SS in evaluating student burnout within our student population. The findings indicate that the CBI-SS is a highly reliable and valid instrument for assessing student burnout, suggesting its potential for effective utilization in the Nigerian academic context.

STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR BANK WOKERS IN ADO-EKITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE

Stress has debilitating effect on the productivity of any company or establishment. When stress has overcome or take over thehuman resources of any establishment, the end thereof of the establishment production will be low; thence work stress needs to be managed both at individual level and in a general level for better productivity. This study seek to examine stress management techniques for bank workers in Ado-Ekiti local government area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research design that was used for thisstudy was survey design of the descriptive type of research. The sample size of four hundred (400) bank workers was sampled for the study using simple random sampling technique. The respondents were drawn from commercial banks in the study area. The instrument for data collection was a self-constructed questionnaire. The split half method of reliability was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Spearman Brown’s formula. A coefficient of 0.93 was obtained. Formulated hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics of Pearson Chi-Square, the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The researcher concluded that there is significant occurrence of stress during work among bank workers, break between work period and Physical therapies will be a stress managing technique among bank workers. The researcher recommended that each bank worker should balance family, work, social and spiritual life in order to keep up an effective and quality stress management. The management of banks should set up organizational stress prevention programme to provide an environment will less stress for optimal productivity from their workers. The bank management should design and implement interventions based on the information gathered from their interaction with the workers. These interventions should be priotized.

Assessment of Agricultural Cooperative Societies on Farm Input Supply in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This research investigated how Agricultural Cooperative Societies in Ekiti State, Nigeria, influenced the supply of farm inputs. The results indicate that most cooperative society members were male, in their working-age years, and had received formal education. These individuals were typically engaged in farming or held civil service jobs and accessed various benefits like employment opportunities, credit, dividends, agricultural inputs, and access to the output market through their cooperative society. The study revealed that 71.1% of farmers belonged to a cooperative society, with 51.1% having a membership duration of 1-5 years. The largest portion of farmers inherited their land (35.6%). Cooperative societies typically consisted of 6 to 10 members, and a substantial 60% of farmers had received formal education. Moreover, 64.4% had access to the output market through their cooperative society. Overall, the research demonstrates that agricultural cooperative societies in Ekiti State play a significant role in enhancing the supply of farm inputs, offering crucial resources and assistance to local farmers.

Geospatial Assessment of Potential Groundwater Zones Within Igede Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Groundwater happens to be an accessible and renewable source of water, and so has to be monitored. A Multi-criteria Decision approach was utilized which allows for data fusion of various thematic criteria using the Analytical Hierarchical approach to assign weight to the selected criteria peculiar to Igede-Ekiti, of Irepodun/Ifelodun Local Government Area. The study aims to carry out a geospatial assessment of the groundwater potential zone within Igede Ekiti, Ekiti state. Geology, Rainfall, Digital Elevation Model, Land Use land cover, Nominal difference in water Index (NDWI), Slope and Lineament density were selected to depict the potential groundwater zones, of which geospatial assessments were carried out. Selected groundwater sources in the form of boreholes and well were afterwards used to ground truth and depict the distribution of groundwater sources within the study area. The ArcMap software’s weight overlay Analysis was used to present the output in the form of a Potential Groundwater zones (PGWZ) map, with the Groundwater sources, wells and boreholes, indicating that they were well dispersed within the study area, but more densely situated around the built-up class of the study area. The results indicate that high PGWZ was more prevalent than the other classes, as the classes were distributed into very high, high and low PGWZ. The very high PGWZ covered 7%, the high PGWZ 55% and the Low PGWZ, 38%. The study can be used for further physical planning and decision-making for policymakers. Further research into the Spatio-temporal behaviour of groundwater potential is recommended.

Relationship Between Parents’ Characteristics, Family Background and Cognitive Self-Reliance of Senior Secondary School Students

The study examined the relationship between parents’ characteristics (occupation, educational attainment, degree of religiosity), family background (family structure and size) and cognitive self-reliance of senior secondary school students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The sample for the study comprised 423 students and their parents (816) using a simple random sampling technique, while two schools from each Local Government Area were selected purposively because only co-educational public secondary schools with no boarding facilities were used for the study. The students and the parents responded to the questionnaires (on students’ self-reported cognitive self-reliance and on parents’ characteristics and family background respectively). Chi-square statistic was used to analyse the data. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between mothers’ occupation and the students’ level of cognitive self-reliance (x2 = 9.61, p &gt; 0.05); however, there was a significant relationship between fathers’ occupation and the students’ level of cognitive self-reliance (x2 = 28.83, p = 0.000); there was a significant relationship between mothers’ educational attainment and students’ levels of cognitive self-reliance (x2 = 28.83, p = 0.000), whereas fathers’ educational attainment did not show any significant relationship (x2 = 12.30, p &gt; 0.05); there was a significant relationship between students’ level of cognitive self-reliance and parents’ degree of religiosity (x2 = 30.72, p &lt; 0.05); family size was not significantly related to students’ levels of cognitive self-reliance (x2 = 10.16, p &gt; 0.05), but family structure was related significantly (x2 = 15.12, p &lt; 0.05). Based on the findings, recommendations were made among others that efforts should be made to support and improve mothers’ education as well as to enhance fathers’ involvement in children’s education. Schools should provide resources and counselling that cater to the unique needs of different family configurations and should develop programmes on effective parenting strategies that promote self-reliance and autonomy among adolescents.

Evaluation of malaria cases among the outpatient visits to Ekiti State University Health Centre Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria: Pre- and Post-COVID incidence

The occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic that broke into the world in early 2020 was envisaged to affect existing diseases. This study evaluated the extent to which COVID-19 pandemic has affected malaria cases among the staff and students of Ekiti State University (EKSU), Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Clinical data involving malaria cases of outpatient visits to EKSU Health Centre during 2019 and 2021 were collected from the Record Department of the Health Centre for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 with probability value of &lt; 0.05 as significant. Results showed that 1,246 people visited EKSU Health Centre as outpatients in 2019 and 1,243 in 2021. Only 642 (51.5%) had malaria in 2019 while 604 (48.6%) had malaria in 2021 with no significant difference (P= 0.143) in both years. The highest malaria cases was observed in April (57.7%) in 2019 and December (55.6%) in 2021. There was no significant difference in the malaria cases across the different months of both years. Malaria cases was higher in males than females in both years but without significant difference (P= 0.429). COVID-19 appears not to have effect on malaria cases in Ekiti State University Community Ado-Ekiti and possibly in other Nigerian universities.

Predicting Ethical Decision Making in Nigeria: The Roles of Others’ Compassion and Social Dominance Orientation

Ethical decision making is a fundamental aspect of human life that impact individuals, their professional lives as well as societal well-being. Ethical decision making is a catalyst for success, peaceful co-existence, and over-all development of a nation. It seem to be, however, that such decision makings lack in many speres and societies of the world and that such is the reason for seeming oppression and dehumanization that characterize many societies of the world. This study investigated the roles of others’ compassion and social dominance orientation in making ethical decisions and the study was carried out among the residents of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State and Ile Ife, Osun State using a total of 276 participants. The Social Dominance Orientation Scale by Pratto el. al. [1], as validated by Aichholzer and Lechner [2], the Santa Clara Ethics Scale by Plante (2004), and the Compassion for Others Scale by Pommier (2011) were respectively used to measure Social Dominance Orientation, Ethical Decision making and Compassion for others. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and independent samples’ t-test. The study showed that compassion for others is significant in predicting ethical decision making [F(6,269)=13.506, p&lt;.05]. The study also found out that people with lower social dominance orientation (X = 32.3669) are significantly highly prone to making ethical decisions than those with high social dominance orientation (X = 31.1215), t = -2.097, df = 274, p &lt;.05. It was also found out that both social dominance orientation and compassion for others significantly jointly predict ethical decision making [F(2,273) =28.561, p &lt; .05]. Findings from the study also revealed that three (3) of the six dimensions of compassion for others i.e kindness (being caring towards others) (β =.24, t= 3.853, p &lt;.05), common humanity (recognizing that all people experience hardship and a sense of connection to those who are suffering) (β =.36, t = 6.259, p &lt;.05), and separation (a cognitive understanding and sense of pity towards others’ sufferings characterized by extreme isolation and distancing) (β =.14, t = 2.314, p &lt;.05) individually predicted ethical decision making among participants while mindfulness (a balanced awareness that neither avoids nor gets lost in others’ pains) (a (β =-.02, t= -03.387, p &gt;.05), indifference (an emotional response that avoids being judgemental) (β =-.07, t = -1.206, p &gt;.05), and disengagement (avoidance of others’ pains rather than being over-identified with it) (β =.03, t = -0.570, p &gt;.05) dimensions did not. It was found out that male participants (X = 32.1215) do not significantly differ in ethical decision making from their female counterparts (X = 31.7414), t = 0.639, df = 274, p &gt;.05. Findings were therefore discussed in line with existing literature and it was recommended that Nigerians should be cognitively re-oriented for value appreciation. It is strongly believed that teaching Nigerians the importance of a sense of community will bring about positive changes in their inter-relationships with others and cause inhabitants to relate as one, and consequently promote their empathy, sympathy, and genuine concern towards one another.

Assessment of Funding Approach to Adult Learning and Education in Rural Communities

The challenges of Nigeria as a nation require holistic approach and appropriate education to tackle for socio-economic development and peaceful co-existence of Nigerians. Adult learning and education (ALE) being a discipline with huge potentials for adults, is capable of tackling the problems. However, it needed to be scaled up through new initiatives and approaches. This study therefore, assessed the funding approach to ALE programmes in Ekiti State, Nigeria; with a view to understand how ALE programmes have been funded and implemented in Nigeria in recent times. Review of concepts and terms were carried out. Qualitative research method was used to obtain data. It was discovered that Ekiti state Government adopted specific need and service-oriented approach to funding and implementation of adult learning and education programmes in the State. The approach yielded positive results with 67 adult literacy centres established and 5,029 adult learners enrolled between 2019 and 2022. A total of 45 individuals and 12 faith based organisations sponsored ALE programmes. It is therefore recommended that government at all levels should adopt need and service-oriented approach to funding and implementation of ALE programmes with a view to make ALE relevant in providing solution to the Nigeria’s socio-economic, political, environmental and security challenges.

Assessment Of Food Security And Sustainable Development In Ikere Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Assessment Of Food Security And Sustainable Development In Ikere Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria