Ejaculatory Time Research Articles

Effects of birth weight and standardized litter size on growth performance of boars and subsequent reproductive performance

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of birth weight and rearing litter size on growth and reproductive performance of boars. One hundred and forty male piglets were allotted to two groups, based on litter size: a smaller litter (SL) (8 piglets/litter, 70 boars) and a larger litter (LL) (12 piglets/litter, 70 boars). The boars in these litters were separated into two birth weight subgroups: lower birth weight (LBW) (mean: 1.15 kg, 70 boars) and greater birth weight (GBW) (mean: 1.59 kg, 70 boars). Testes volume, sexual activity and semen quality of boars at 180 days old were evaluated. The males in the GBW group, when compared with the LBW group, had greater bodyweight at 21, 28, and 63 days old ( P <0.01) and 180 days old ( P <0.05), greater testes volume and semen volume ( P <0.05), greater sperm concentration and total number of sperm in the semen ( P <0.01) and a longer ejaculation time ( P <0.05). The boars in the SL group had greater ( P <0.01) bodyweight at 21 and 28 days old, greater ( P <0.05) sperm concentration and total number of sperm in the semen than boars in the LL group. These results indicate that birth weight is a good predictor of sperm production in adult boars and suggest the possibility of increasing sperm production in adult boars by reducing the litter size in which they are reared. Keywords: Boars, bodyweight, piglets, reproduction, semen

Delayed Ejaculation and Associated Complaints: Relationship to Ejaculation Times and Serum Testosterone Levels

BackgroundAlthough delayed ejaculation (DE) is typically characterized as a persistently longer than anticipated or desired time to ejaculation (or orgasm) during sexual activity, a timing-based definition of DE and its association with serum testosterone has not been established in a large cohort. AimTo examine in an observational study estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and masturbatory ejaculation latency time (MELT) in men self-reporting DE, assess the association of IELT and MELT with serum testosterone levels, and determine whether correlation with demographic and sexual parameters exist. MethodsMen who resided in the United States, Canada, and Mexico were enrolled from 2011 to 2013. Self-estimated IELT and MELT were captured using an Ejaculatory Function Screening Questionnaire in a sample of 988 men screened for possible inclusion in a randomized clinical trial assessing testosterone replacement therapy for ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) and who self-reported the presence or absence of DE and symptoms of hypogonadism. Additional comorbid EjDs (ie, anejaculation, perceived decrease in ejaculate volume, and decreased force of ejaculation) were recorded. Men with premature ejaculation were excluded from this analysis. IELT and MELT were compared between men self-reporting DE and men without DE. The associations of IELT and MELT with serum testosterone were measured. OutcomesIELT, MELT, and total testosterone levels. ResultsSixty-two percent of screened men self-reported DE with or without comorbid EjDs; 38% did not report DE but did report at least one of the other EjDs. Estimated median IELTs were 20.0 minutes for DE vs 15 minutes for no DE (P < .001). Estimated median MELTs were 15.0 minutes for DE vs 8.0 minutes for no DE (P < .001). Ejaculation time was not associated with serum testosterone levels. Younger men and those with less severe erectile dysfunction had longer IELTs and MELTs. Clinical ImplicationsEstimated ejaculation times during vaginal intercourse and/or masturbation were not associated with serum testosterone levels in this study; thus, routine androgen evaluation is not indicated in these men. Strengths and LimitationsThis large systematic analysis attempted to objectively assess the ejaculation latency in men with self-reported DE. Limitations were that ejaculation time estimates were self-reported and were queried only once; the questionnaire did not distinguish between failure to achieve orgasm and ejaculation; and assessment of DE was limited to heterosexual vaginal intercourse and masturbation. ConclusionIELT and MELT were longer in men with DE, and there was no association of ejaculation times with serum testosterone levels in this study population.Morgentaler A, Polzer P, Althof S, et al. Delayed Ejaculation and Associated Complaints: Relationship to Ejaculation Times and Serum Testosterone Levels. J Sex Med 2017;14:1116–1124.

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Dapoxetine in Premature Ejaculation: A Placebo Controlled Study

Premature Ejaculation (PE) is a common male sex problem and incidence wise it is much commoner than erectile dysfunction with incidence in some studies being greater than 30% [1, 2]. In spite of this it does not attain enough attention of research workers. Ejaculation time (ET) may vary, but patient usually seeks medical help when it consistently becomes short at every coitus and causes distress to the couple. American Urological Association (AUA) defines PE when it “occurs sooner than desire” and causes “distress to one or both partners” [3]. For clinical assessment quantification is essential and in this case is possible by measuring Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (IELT).this calculated by time period between vaginal penetration of phallus and intravaginal ejaculation. A more categorical and working definition comes from the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) which states that PE is “ejaculation that occurs prior to or within 1 minute of vaginal penetration” [4]. In our study we have taken IELT of less than 1 minute as PE. Serotonin has been found to have an inhibitory action on seminal emission/ejaculation via action on brain, brainstem, raphe nuclei and reticular formation. These observation leads to several studies which show that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) achieve significant increase in IELT [5].

Comprehensive Treatment of Male Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction by Sex Therapy ADN Psychotropic Drugs (Without Pde5 Inh.)

The aim of this presentation is to explain the curative treatment of male psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) by sex therapy and psychotropic drugs (without PDE5 inh). This reduces the PDE5 dependency and non-responsiveness later on. Psychogenic ED is very common in conservative Muslim society like Pakistan where masturbation and sex education is a taboo. Masturbation is religiously inhibited. 415 patients of erectile dysfunction were treated at Nasim Fertility Center Lahore, ISD and FSD during Oct. 2015 to Oct. 2016. In these patients 67% are bellow 40 years age and 84% had the symptoms of less erection or no erection and less ejaculatory time (duration of the symptoms varies from few months to many years) and had predominantly psychogenic erectile dysfunction without any organic cause. This is almost the reverse ratio to European and American studies. Diagnostic work up included, detailed sexual and medical history, and relevant lab investigation. Psychological factors that predispose, precipitate and maintain psychogenic erectile dysfunction are treated by psychosexual therapy (sex Therapy), which integrates cognitive behavioral interventions, system/couple interventions and sometimes-psychoanalytic interventions. Performance anxiety or acute stress in psychogenic ED is treated by SSRI, benzodiazepines, supported by yohimbine and testosterone and some time by I/C injection. This pharmacological intervention facilitates early recovery. Aphrodisiac food and regular physical activity is advised.

Effect of tadalafil 5mg daily treatment on the ejaculatory times, lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile function in patients with erectile dysfunction.

ABSTRACTObjective To investigate the effect of a 5mg daily tadalafil treatment on the ejaculation time, erectile function and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with erectile dysfunction.Materials and Methods A total of 60 patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction were retrospectively evaluated using the international index of erectile function questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5), intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and international prostate symptoms scores (IPSS). After the patients were treated with 5mg tadalafil once a day for three months, their erection, ejaculation and LUTS were assessed again. The fasting levels of blood glucose, total testosterone, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were measured. The independent-samples t-test was used to compare the pre- and post-treatment scores of the patients.Results The mean age of the 60 participants was 50.4±7.9 and the mean baseline serum total testosterone, total cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar were 444.6±178.6ng dL-1, 188.7±29.6mg/dL-1,104 (80-360) mg dL-1, respectively. The mean baseline scores were 2.2±1.4 min for IELT, 9.5±3.7 for IIEF-5 and 14.1±4.5 for IPSS. Following the three-month daily 5mg tadalafil treatment, the scores were found to be 3.4±1.9 min, 16.1±4.7, and 10.4±3.8 for IELT, IIEF and IPSS, respectively. When the baseline and post-treatment scores were compared, a statistically significant increase was observed in the IELTs and IIEF-5 values whereas there was a significant decrease in IPSS (p<0.01).Conclusion A daily dose of 5mg tadalafil can be safely used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and LUTS, that prolongs the ejaculatory latency time.

Impact of physical activity on patient self-reported outcomes of lifelong premature ejaculation patients: Results of a prospective, randomised, sham-controlled trial.

Previous studies have investigated whether physical activity increases serotonin hormone levels. Serotonin receptor dysfunction is one of the frequently accused factors of premature ejaculation (PE). Nevertheless, no studies up to date have demonstrated that the association between physical activity and premature ejaculation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and PE and determine whether moderate physical activity might delay ejaculation time or be an alternative treatment for PE. A total of 105 patients diagnosed with PE were enrolled in this study. Of the patients, 35 were treated with dapoxetine, (30mg) on demand (Group 1), 35 performed moderate physical activities (Group 2), and 35 performed minimal physical activity (Group 3-sham). Demographic characteristics, metabolic equivalents (MET), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) were recorded. There were no significant differences among three groups in terms of age, BMI, MET, PEDT or IELT before treatment. At the end of the study, there was significant decrease in PEDT scores, and increase in IELT in groups 1 and 2 as compared to Group 3. In conclusion, a moderate physical activity longer than 30min at least 5 times a week leads to ejaculation delay, and appears as an alternative to dapoxetine on demand for the treatment of PE.

036 Comparison of Paroxetine and Dapoxetine Regarding Intra Vaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time and Frequency of Sexual Intercourse in the Management of Lifelong Premature Ejaculation

To compare the efficacy of on demand use of Paroxetine or dapoxetine in the management of lifelong premature ejaculation. 64 patients with lifelong premature ejaculation according to the International Society of Sexual Medicine (ISSM) 2008 criteria have been included in the study. History taking, general and systemic examination have been done for all patients. Paroxetine 20 mg was given four hours before intercourse for 3 months, for at least 36 successive intercourses, followed by administration of dapoxetine 30mg one hour before intercourse for the same period, followed by administration of dapoxetine 60mg one hour before intercourse for the same period. A wash out period of two weeks with no medication was given before each treatment to avoid the cumulative effect of the drugs. Intra Vaginal ejaculatory Latency ejaculatory time (IELT) was assessed by the patients at home with a stopwatch. The mean IELT significantly increased from (0.7 ± 0.3) min at the base line to (1.8 ± 0.8) min (1.6 folds), (2.4 ± 1.1) min(2.4 folds)and (3.6 ± 1.8) min (3.8 folds) for Paroxetine 20 mg, dapoxetine 30 mg and dapoxetine 60 mg respectively P<0.001. The mean number of intercourse also has been significantly increased from 2.6 ± 1.5 times / week at the basal line to 3.9 ± 1.3 times per week , 3.7 ± 1.1 times per week and 3.8 ± 1.2 times / week for Paroxetine 20 mg, dapoxetine 30 mg and dapoxetine 60 mg respectively P<0.001.

Contraception with RISUG® and functional reversal through DMSO and NaHCO3 in male rabbits.

The study aimed to evaluate reversal of short- and long-term vas occlusion with reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance (RISUG) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Animals were divided into seven groups containing five animals each. Fortnightly, semen analysis revealed that sperm concentration and output steadily declined after vas occlusion and complete azoospermia was attained at 30–60 days postinjection. Spermatozoa reappeared at 60–75 days of reversal and normozoospermia was noticed between 135 days and 150 days in the reversal groups. All spermatozoa were found nonmotile prior to azoospermia and a gradual recovery in sperm motility was observed between 105 days and 135 days of reversal. A significant decline in viability of sperms was noticed during vas occlusion up to 30–60 days which recovered at 60–75 days postreversal and normalized by 75–105 days in the reversal groups. A significant enhancement in the sperm abnormalities was recorded in all vas occluded animals as well as those in initial periods of reversal. Other parameters, namely, semen volume, ejaculation time, pH, color, and consistency, remained unaltered during all phases of the study. Fertility test, at the intervals of 15 days, demonstrated that animals exhibited complete sterility during the entire period of vas occlusion. A gradual recovery in fertility was observed with the appearance of spermatozoa following vas occlusion reversal and 100% fertility was observed following 135–150 days of reversal. F1 progeny of reversed animals was found normal. The results suggest that reversal with DMSO or NaHCO3 is feasible, with normal progeny, following short- and long-term contraception.

Evaluation of the breeding behavior of Brazilian Pony stallions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the breeding behavior of Brazilian Pony stallions during semen collection to examine the effect of age category (AC) and month of evaluation on the characteristics of breeding behavior. Nine stallions were evaluated during the breeding and non-breeding season, 5–8 (AC1) and 9–13 years (AC2) of age. The variables evaluated were reaction time (RT), mount time one (MT1) and two (MT2), mount and ejaculation time (MEjT), mounting without erection (MWEr), mounting without ejaculation (MWEj), flehmen, kicks, bites, smells, vocalizations and serum testosterone concentration. Analyses of variance and correlation were performed. The average scores were RT: 56.2±92.9s, MT1: 115.0±122.4s, MT2: 196.4±160.7s, MEjT: 21.8±3.2s, MWEr: 0.8±1.3s, MWEj: 2.1±3.5s, flehmen: 3.8±3.0s, kicks: 0.3±1.2s, bites: 1.0±2.0s, smells: 5.7±3.5s, vocalizations: 6.4±6.3s and testosterone: 0.89±0.52ng/mL. The AC affected the RT (P<0.05) but not the other traits. Month of evaluation did not affect most variables (P>0.05). The correlations between age and RT and between age and MT1 and MT2 were significant. The correlation between testosterone and MEjT was moderate and negative. The breeding behavior of Brazilian Pony stallions was similar across different months of evaluation and different age categories. The month of evaluation and age category also did not affect testosterone concentrations, meaning that semen collection is feasible throughout the year.

Somatosensory evoked potentials assess the efficacy of circumcision for premature ejaculation.

To assess the efficacy and mechanism of circumcision in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) with redundant prepuce, we enrolled a total of 81 PE patients who received circumcision. The patients' ejaculatory ability and sexual performances were evaluated before and after circumcision by using questionnaires (Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), Chinese Index of PE with 5 questions (CIPE-5) and International Index of Erectile function- 5 (IIEF-5)). Furthermore, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) including dorsal nerve (DNSEP) and glans penis (GPSEP) of the patients were also measured. The mean IELTs of preoperation and post operation were 1.10±0.55 and 2.48±2.03 min, respectively (P<0.001). In addition, the geometric mean IELT after operation was 2.16 min, compared with the baseline 1.07 min before the operation, the fold increase of the IELT was 2.02. Compared with the uncircumcised status, scores of CIPE-5 showed a significant increase after circumcision (P<0.001). The mean latencies (and amplitudes) of GPSEP and DNSEP were 38.1±4.0 ms (3.0±1.9 uV) and 40.5±3.4 ms (2.8±1.6 uV) before circumcision, respectively; and 42.8±3.3 ms (2.8±1.6 uV) and 40.5±4.1 ms (2.4±1.2 uV) in the follow-up end point after circumcision. Only the latencies of GPSEP showed significant prolongation before and after circumcision (P<0.001). The ejaculation time improvement after circumcision is so small, and equal to placebo response, therefore it could not be interpreted as a therapeutic method in men with PE.

On-demand Modafinil Improves Ejaculation Time and Patient-reported Outcomes in Men With Lifelong Premature Ejaculation

To evaluate the effects of modafinil on the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and patient-reported outcomes in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). Treatment-naïve lifelong PE patients were included in this proof-of-concept study. Self-estimated IELTs of the patients were recorded and the Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP) questionnaire was administered before the initiation of on-demand modafinil 100 mg treatment. At the end of 1 month of treatment, self-estimated IELTs were recorded again, along with posttreatment PEP outcomes. Overall, 55 lifelong PE patients with a mean age of 35.07 ± 7.80 (range: 22-58) years were enrolled. Modafinil treatment modestly increased the mean IELT at the end of 1 month (24.82 ± 16.10 seconds vs 49.82 ± 31.46 seconds, P = .0001). Moreover, at the end of 1 month, patients reported in the PEP questionnaire better control over ejaculation (0.75 ± 0.67 vs 1.35 ± 0.91, P = .0001), improved satisfaction with sexual intercourse (0.98 ± 0.78 vs 1.40 ± 0.85, P = .0001), lesser personal distress (0.42 ± 0.69 vs 0.89 ± 1.01, P = .0001), and reduced interpersonal difficulty (1.69 ± 1.48 vs 1.95 ± 1.47, P = .0001). In an uncontrolled proof-of-concept study of men with treatment-naïve lifelong PE where IELT was self-reported without a stopwatch, modest improvements of both IELT and patient-reported outcome measures were observed. Future controlled clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings.

Evaluation of the sexual behavior and testosterone concentrations of Mangalarga Marchador stallions

Assessing the sexual behavior of stallions is extremely important because sexual behavior is linked to reproductive efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sexual behavior, testosterone concentration and libido of Mangalarga Marchador stallions from northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The sexual behavior of 10 stallions was evaluated during semen collection while mounting a mare in estrus. Blood samples from each animal were collected for the evaluation of serum testosterone. The study was conducted during the breeding and non-breeding seasons with animals separated into two age categories: young (<4 years) and adult (>5 years). The libido of the stallions was evaluated using the observations of reaction time (RT), mount time (MT) and mount and ejaculation time (MEjT). Analysis of variance and analysis of data frequency were performed. The stallion behavior and testosterone concentrations were not affected by the breeding season or stallion age (p>0.05). The overall mean of RT was 14.0±2.4 s, MT was 32.7±3.5 s and MEjT was 24.3±0.8 s. We observed a few instances of a mount without an erection and a mount without ejaculation a maximum of 4 and 1 times, respectively. The percentage of stallions that did not perform Flehmen, biting, kicking, sniffing and vocalization were 72, 93, 93, 34 and 45% respectively. The average testosterone concentration was 0.64±0.06 ng/mL. We concluded that the animals exhibited good libido overall, thereby indicating that they were well adapted to the environmental conditions of northern Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

The influence of different surgery strategies on ovarian function and the sexual function of the patients with uterine fibroid

Objective To analyze two kinds of hysteromyoma resection for patients with ovarian and sexual function.Methods 32 patients with uterine fibroids were based on different surgical procedure was divided into the observation group and control group,the control group total excision of the uterine surgery,observation group Yin type uterine fibroids rejecting operation,the postoperative patients with ovarian function and function change were observed. Results Gonadotropin in postoperative observation group was （6.52 ±1.13） mIU/L,luteinizing hormone （7.62 ± 2.01）mIU/L;Postoperative gonadotropin controls （8.65 ±2.67） mIU/L,luteinizing hormone （9.43 ±2.89） mIU/L, there was statistically significant difference between the two group（t=2.939,2.057,all P〈0.05）.Observation group of patients with postoperative sexual function in each dimension score：sexual desire （133.47 ±26.29） points,sexual arousal （131.03 ±22.19） points,orgasm （139.93 ±26.79）,（136.27 ±31.05）,psychological sex abnormalities （136.24 ±33.22）points,ejaculation time （141.29 ±33.71）points were higher than those of the control group（t=2.778,2.691,2.550,1.988,1.979,3.496,all P〈0.05）.Conclusion Yin uterine fibroids eliminate surgery for patients has less effects on ovarian function and sexual function,so patients with uterine fibroids should be suggested to retain the womb,in order to improve patients postoperative quality of life and the stability of the endocrine system. Key words: Uterine fibroids; Transvaginal myomectomy; Ovarian function; Sexual function

Assessment of Sexual Activity Levels and Their Association with Ejaculate Parameters in Two-Breed Hybrids and Purebred Duroc and Pietrain Boars

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyse sexual activity levels of two purebred boars (pietrain and Duroc) in comparison with two-breed hybrid boars (Duroc♀ × Pietrain♂ and Pietrain♀ × × Duroc♂) and to assess the relationship between the ejaculate parameters and the sexual activity of the animals. the experimental material was constituted by 20 boars. sexual activity measurements were performed in 4 different collection periods for each boar. The first libido analysis was carried out during the first week of insemination use, followed by the next analyses after 3, 6 and 9 months of service. In parallel to the sexual activity analyses, ejaculates were collected to investigate ejaculatory efficiency, physical characteristics of the ejaculates and sperm morphology. It has been shown that the characteristics of sexual activity parameters are affected by the breed of the boar and the crossbreeding variant. Two-breed sires are quicker to leap onto the phantom as compared with purebred boars. Duroc♀ × Pietrain♂ boars are characterized by a short period of time between phantom mounting and ejaculation initiation. On the other hand, they yield ejaculates for a much longer time than hybrid Pietrain♀ × Duroc♂ boars and purebred Duroc and Pietrain boars. Hybrid boar ejaculates contain more spermatozoa and can provide more inseminationdoses than ejaculates of purebred boars. Ejaculate parameters are chiefly correlated with ejaculation time and copulation duration. In our study the ejaculate parameters (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility) in purebred boars mainly depended on ejaculation time and total copulation duration, whereas in two-breed hybrids they were more affected by the length of the period between phantom mounting and the start of ejaculation.

A single dose of a commercial anti-gonadotropin releasing factor vaccine has no effect on testicular development, libido, or sperm characteristics in young boars

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of one dose of an anti-gonadotropin releasing factor (GnRF) vaccine on testicular development, sexual behavior, and sperm characteristics in young boars. Materials and methods: A total of 48 pigs were equally allocated to two treatments, Controls and Immunized, with a single dose of an anti-GnRF vaccine at 16 weeks of age. Sexual behavior was evaluated 5 to 8 weeks later. Of these 48 pigs, 22 (12 Controls, 10 Immunized) underwent weekly semen collections for 14 consecutive weeks, starting 17 weeks after immunization. One week after completion of the weekly collections, six boars per treatment underwent daily collections for 7 days. Blood for testosterone analysis was collected from seven animals per group at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks post immunization. Results: There were no statistical differences between treatments in gonad size, the sexual behavior test, qualitative and quantitative semen characteristics, sperm morphology, time to mount, ejaculation time, or serum testosterone concentrations. There was no histological evidence of an alteration in onset and development of puberty in the immunized pigs. Implications: Under the conditions of this study, one dose of an anti-GnRF vaccine given to 16-week-old boars has no effect on testicular development, sexual behavior, or sperm characteristics. As final replacement-boar testing is typically conducted after 24 weeks of age, a priming dose of vaccine could be given prior to boars undergoing final testing without negative impact on testicular development and future breeding potential.

The influence of external and internal factors on the quality of semen collection and qualitative indicators of semen in the dog (Canis familiaris)

The influence of external and internal factors on the course of semen collection and quality of ejaculate has been evaluated in this work. This observation included 30 dogs of various breeds, each of which we collected 3 ejaculates from within one week (first, third and fifth day). The internal factors included the weight of the dog, order of semen collection and the age of the dog. The external factors included type of housing, utilization of the dog, point of the collection and type of nutrition. Average length of preparation of a dog for a collection and onset of sexual reflex was 95.7 sec. The observations showed that none of the evaluated internal factors had any influence on the length of preparation for the semen collection. The largest volume of ejaculate was collected from the first collection (10.5cm3), at the second collection it was 8.9 cm3 and the third one the volume was the smallest – with only 6.6 cm3. The average volume of 8.7 cm3 was found in the whole set of observed dogs. No statistically conclusive difference was found among groups. The average activity of sperm in the observed set was 68.8%. Activity declined from the first to the third collection from 73% to 65.5%. The difference in sperm activity was not statistically conclusive in any indicator. Sperm concentration in whole set of dogs was 143.6 103.mm−3 and was not significantly affected by any monitored internal factors.The longest preparation for the collection was found in dogs housed in pens (134.4 sec), dogs living in households (84.7 sec) and the shortest preparation was needed in dogs with freedom of movement. The longest onset of sexual reflexes was found in Police forces dogs, then family dogs and sport dogs (130.0 sec, 97.8 sec and 68.3 sec). In dogs collected in laboratory, the emergence of sexual reflex was longer (110.7 sec) than in dogs collected in their own natural environment (80.7 sec). The average length of the whole ejaculation was 396.0 sec in the whole set of dogs. The longest ejaculation was found in dogs held home (468.0 sec), the shortest in dogs with freedom of movement (290.0 sec). Family dogs had the longest ejaculation time, Police forces dogs had the shortest. The highest volume of semen was found in dogs kept in households (11.0 cm3), the smallest volume was in dogs with freedom of movement (4.2 cm3). Dogs used in sport, family dogs and Police forces dogs had the volume of semen 12.7 cm3, 6.3 cm3 and 5.7 cm3. Statistically highly significant differences in the activity of sperm was found between dogs with freedom of movement (35.0%) and dogs kept in pens and household of the breeder (77.8%, respectively 77.0%), between Police dogs (49.4%) and sport dogs (76.7%) and family dog (77.8%), as well as in the place of collection (P ≤ 0.01). The lowest sperm concentration was found in dogs kept in households (124.103.mm−3), in dogs kept in pens (152.103.mm−3), the highest sperm concentration was in dogs with freedom of movement (180.103.mm−3). Police, sport and family dogs had the concentration of 175.103.mm−3, 126,5.103.mm−3, respectively 135,0.103.mm−3. Dogs collected in household had the average sperm concentration 102.7.103.mm−3, compared to the sperm concentration of dogs collected in the laboratory (184.5.103.mm−3).

The 5-HT1A receptor C(1019)G polymorphism influences the intravaginal ejaculation latency time in Dutch Caucasian men with lifelong premature ejaculation

IntroductionLifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) is characterized by persistent intravaginal ejaculation latency times (IELTs) of less than 1min, and has been postulated as a neurobiological dysfunction related to diminished serotonergic neurotransmission with 5-HT1A receptor hyperfunction and 5-HT2C hypofunction. AimTo investigate the relationship between 5-HT1A receptor gene (HTR1A)-C(1019)G promoter polymorphism and IELT in men with LPE. This polymorphism is known to increase 5-HT1A receptor expression. MethodsA prospective study was conducted in 54 Dutch Caucasian men with LPE. Baseline IELT during coitus was assessed by stopwatch over a 1-month period. All men were genotyped for HTR1A gene polymorphism. Allele frequencies and genotypes of C and G variants of HTR1A polymorphism were determined. Association between CC, CG, and GG genotypes and the IELT in men with LPE were investigated. Main outcome measuresIELT measured by stopwatch, HTR1A polymorphism. ResultsIn this cohort of men with LPE, the geometric mean IELT was 23.8s. Of the 54 men, the CC, CG and GG genotype frequency for the C(1019)G polymorphism of the 5-HT1A gene was 33%, 43% and 24%, respectively. The geometric mean IELT for the CC, CG and GG genotypes were 14.5, 27.7 and 36.0s, respectively (p=0.019). Compared to GG and CG genotypes, men with CC genotype had a 250% and 190% shorter ejaculation time, respectively. ConclusionsHTR1A gene polymorphism is associated with the IELT in men with LPE. Men with CC genotype have shorter IELTs than men with GG and CG genotypes.

Does circumcision have a relationship with ejaculation time? Premature ejaculation evaluated using new diagnostic tools

The aim of the study is to investigate whether there is an effect of adult circumcision on ejaculation parameters and to research the relationship between intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). Adults who underwent voluntary circumcision between September 2010 and November 2011 were enrolled in this prospective study. The IELT before and 3 months following circumcision was recorded. Also, PEDT was filled out before and 3 months after circumcision. During statistical evaluation, the comparison of situations before and after circumcision was made using IELT averages and PEDT total scores. Furthermore, the correlation between changes in IELT and PEDT has also been evaluated. A total of 30 volunteers (mean age 21.25±0.44) were enrolled in the study. The volunteers' mean and median IELT before were 104.36±66.21 and 88 (26-307) seconds, whereas mean and median IELT after circumcision were 123.56±54.44 and 107.5 (67-300) seconds, respectively. The increase after circumcision was statistically significant (P=0.001). The mean and median PEDT score were 4.26±2.91 and 3 (1-12) before, and 2.63±1.82 and 2 (0-7) after circumcision. Improvement was statistically significant (P<0.0001). No correlation could be found between ejaculation time and PEDT scores. Circumcision during adulthood does not adversely affect ejaculatory function; it may slightly improve. However, it could not be interpreted as a justification for circumcision in men with premature ejaculation (PE).

Is there a correlation between intravaginal ejaculatory latency time and enuresis? An exploratory study.

IntroductionPremature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction. Monosymptomatic enuresis (ME) is nocturnal bed wetting, without any daytime symptoms. Recent clinical studies report an association between lifelong PE and ME. The purpose of this study was to compare the intravaginal ejaculatory time (IELT) between lifelong PE in men with and without ME. The goal was to determine if there is an association between the severity of ME and of IELT.Material and methodsA total of 137 men with lifelong PE were included in this study. Subjects were asked if they had childhood ME. The characteristics and mean IELTs of patients with and without ME were compared using the student's t–test, and the correlation between severity of ME and IELT was assessed with trend test.ResultsOf the 137 lifelong PE patients, 57 reported ME. There was a strong negative correlation in patients with ME between the severity of enuresis and IELT, with IELT being shorter in patients with severe ME.ConclusionsA strong correlation between IELT and the severity of ME suggests a common underlying mechanism. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and elucidate the exact pathophysiology.

Sexual Recognition and Mating Behavior of the Populus Longhorned Beetle, Batocera lineolata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

We studied the sexual recognition and mating behavior of B. lineolata by video tracking capture system (EthoVision 3.1) and field observation, in order to get some fundamental information for the effective control of Batocera lineolata Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and enrich the reproductive behavior of the insect. Result showed that, during the encountering, the intersection time of two tracks and net relative movements for the female-male group were longer than for the female-female group or the male-male group; while the reaction time was shorter than the latters. A complete mating of B. lineolata included three stages, i.e. (ⅰ) pair-bonding (ⅱ) mating attempt and ejaculation (ⅲ) post-copulatory guarding. The average time of pair-bonding is 2.16 min, and 10.28 min, 5.37 min for mating and post-copulatory guarding, respectively. In mating experiments with different sex ratios, the mating number fluctuated regularly, and it was greatly different in mating number for male or female individuals. The virgin female or male, spent more total ejaculation time than mated ones. Higher mating rates were observed on the host plant than on the open ground. The mating behavior in the field test was similar to results from the laboratory experiment.