Ejaculatory Duct Research Articles

Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China.

Two new species of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China are described on the basis of an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology, karyology, histology, and molecular analyses. The new species Dugesiacircumcisa Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is characterised by asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; right vas deferens opening at anterior portion of the seminal vesicle and the left one opening at mid-lateral portion of the seminal vesicle; two diaphragms in ejaculatory duct, the latter being ventrally displaced and opening at the tip of the penis papilla, which is provided with a nozzle; wide duct connecting male atrium and common atrium; chromosome complement triploid with 24 metacentric chromosomes. The other new species, Dugesiaverrucula Chen & Dong, sp. nov., is characterised by the large size of the living worm, usually exceeding 3.5 cm in length; asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; subterminal opening of ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct; vasa deferentia symmetrically opening into the postero-lateral portion of the seminal vesicle; well-developed duct between the seminal vesicle and diaphragm; single dorsal bump near the root of the penis papilla; bursal canal with pleated wall and spacious posterior section; unstalked cocoons; chromosome complement diploid with 16 metacentric chromosomes. Inter-specific molecular distances and their positions in the phylogenetic tree reveal that D.circumcisa and D.verrucula are clearly separated from their congeners.

Comparative aspects of the internal reproductive system of males in species of Melolonthinae, Dynastinae, and Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from Mexico

The anatomy of the internal male reproductive systems of 12 species of Melolonthinae (Phyllophaga, Chlaenobia, Macrodactylus, Isonychus), six species of Dynastinae (Cyclocephala), and three species of Rutelinae (Paranomala) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) of Mexico are described. A total of 350 male specimens representing 21 species were collected. From each species, the reproductive systems were obtained by micro-dissection, placed in a liquid fixative, stained, and drawn to scale. The internal genitalia of each species was described and compared among the species examined. The reproductive system of the Melolonthinae species is comprised of two testicles, each with six follicles, two deferent ducts, two accessory glands, two glandular ducts, an ejaculatory duct, and the aedeagus (not described for any of the species examined). The number of testicular follicles per testicle is as reported in different species of other Scarabaeoidea subfamilies. The length of the accessory glands and the ejaculatory duct varies in the species studied. The ejaculatory bulb is present in all of the species of Dynastinae and Rutelinae examined but in only three species of Melolonthinae.

MP36-08 PRE-PROCEDURAL LOW IIEF-5 AND TREATMENT OF PZ WITH ADJACENT NVB AND THE EJACULATORY DUCT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER FOCAL THERAPY WITH HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND: A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction: Medical, Hormonal & Non-surgical Therapy II (MP36)1 Sep 2021MP36-08 PRE-PROCEDURAL LOW IIEF-5 AND TREATMENT OF PZ WITH ADJACENT NVB AND THE EJACULATORY DUCT WERE ASSOCIATED WITH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER FOCAL THERAPY WITH HIGH-INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND: A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY Sunao Shoji, Satoshi Kuroda, Kazuma Takeda, Takato Uchida, Soichiro Yuzuriha, Izumi Hanada, Takahiro Ogawa, Mayura Nakano, Masayoshi Kawakami, Masahiro Nitta, Masanori Hasegawa, Yoshiaki Kawamura, and Akira Miyajima Sunao ShojiSunao Shoji More articles by this author , Satoshi KurodaSatoshi Kuroda More articles by this author , Kazuma TakedaKazuma Takeda More articles by this author , Takato UchidaTakato Uchida More articles by this author , Soichiro YuzurihaSoichiro Yuzuriha More articles by this author , Izumi HanadaIzumi Hanada More articles by this author , Takahiro OgawaTakahiro Ogawa More articles by this author , Mayura NakanoMayura Nakano More articles by this author , Masayoshi KawakamiMasayoshi Kawakami More articles by this author , Masahiro NittaMasahiro Nitta More articles by this author , Masanori HasegawaMasanori Hasegawa More articles by this author , Yoshiaki KawamuraYoshiaki Kawamura More articles by this author , and Akira MiyajimaAkira Miyajima More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002045.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze clinical factors related to sexual function in patients with localized prostate cancer (PC) who were treated with focal therapy with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). METHODS: From 2016 to 2020, patients with localized PC who had erectile and ejaculatory function before focal therapy with HIFU, were included prospectively. Sexual function was evaluated for 12 months for each treated area. Before and after treatment, International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), sexual domain of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC), and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.5.0 classification of ejaculation were used to assess sexual function. Erectile dysfunction (ED) and ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) were defined as IIEF-5 score ≤7 and CTCAE grade 2. RESULTS: This study included 92 patients with median age 66 years, median IIEF-5: 16, and median sexual domain of EPIC: 55. Clinical T stages were T2a: n=54, T2b: n=17, and T2c: n=21. The rates of ED and EjD were 24% and 36%, respectively, at 12 months after treatment. Significant differences were observed between patients with preserved erectile function and those with ED in terms of clinical T stage (p=0.004), pre-procedural IIEF-5 (p=0.002), sexual domain of EPIC before treatment (p=0.011), and treatment of peripheral zone (PZ) with adjacent neurovascular bundle (NVB) (none vs. one side vs. both sides; p=0.017). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, pre-procedural score of 8-11 in IIEF-5 (OR 0.785; p=0.002) and treatment of PZ with adjacent NVB (OR 6.291; p=0.008) were significant risk factors for ED after treatment. Significant differences were observed between patients with preserved ejaculation and those with EjD in terms of pre-procedural IIEF-5 (p<0.0001), sexual domain of EPIC before treatment (p=0.002), and treatment of PZ with adjacent NVB (p=0.007) and ejaculatory duct (none vs. unilateral vs. bilateral; p<0.0001). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, pre-procedural score of 8-11 in IIEF-5 (OR 0.768; p<0.0001) and treatment range including the ejaculatory duct (OR 25.565; p=0.002) were significant risk factors for EjD after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A greater risk of ED was associated with pre-procedural low IIEF-5 and treatment of PZ with adjacent NVB, and a greater risk of EjD was associated with pre-procedural low IIEF-5 and treatment of the ejaculatory duct after focal therapy with HIFU. Source of Funding: None. © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e638-e639 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Sunao Shoji More articles by this author Satoshi Kuroda More articles by this author Kazuma Takeda More articles by this author Takato Uchida More articles by this author Soichiro Yuzuriha More articles by this author Izumi Hanada More articles by this author Takahiro Ogawa More articles by this author Mayura Nakano More articles by this author Masayoshi Kawakami More articles by this author Masahiro Nitta More articles by this author Masanori Hasegawa More articles by this author Yoshiaki Kawamura More articles by this author Akira Miyajima More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

V07-10 SEMINAL VESICULOSCOPY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HEMATOSPERMIA

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Dysfunction & Transgender (V07)1 Sep 2021V07-10 SEMINAL VESICULOSCOPY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HEMATOSPERMIA Aaron Brant, Nahid Punjani, Christopher Gaffney, Jonathan Fainberg, and James Kashanian Aaron BrantAaron Brant More articles by this author , Nahid PunjaniNahid Punjani More articles by this author , Christopher GaffneyChristopher Gaffney More articles by this author , Jonathan FainbergJonathan Fainberg More articles by this author , and James KashanianJames Kashanian More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002034.10AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Hematospermia is an uncommon urologic complaint but a cause of significant distress in affected patients. It is associated with bothersome symptoms such as dysorgasmia and chronic pelvic pain. First line treatment options include antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), alpha blockers, and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. For patients with refractory symptoms, operative intervention with transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts (TURED) and seminal vesiculoscopy has been described. METHODS: We provide a step-by-step description of seminal vesiculoscopy, TURED, and seminal vesicle (SV) balloon dilation in a 28-year old male presenting with five years of refractory hematospermia and dysorgasmia. He had failed treatment with antibiotics, NSAIDS, tamsulosin, and finasteride. His infectious and sexually-transmitted infection work-up was normal. His semen analysis was notable for 16% motility, 3.4 million WBC/mL, and cloudy brown color. Imaging with ultrasound and MRI revealed right SV dilation and clot in the left SV. RESULTS: After a normal cystoscopy, the verumontanum was identified, and the left ejaculatory duct was successfully cannulated with a 5-french open-ended catheter over a 0.014-inch micro-guidewire. Transrectal ultrasound was used to confirm correct placement. After dilation with a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon dilator, the left seminal vesicle was entered under direct vision with a 4.5 french semi-rigid ureteroscope. Significant debris were noted and removed via irrigation through a luer-lock syringe. Both ejaculatory ducts were resected using a monopolar loop. The right SV was then cannulated, dilated, and entered under direct vision. Blood clot and debris were removed via irrigation. There were no post-operative complications. At six- and twelve-months follow-up, the patient reported significant improvement in dysorgasmia and complete resolution of hematospermia. CONCLUSIONS: Seminal vesiculoscopy with transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts and balloon dilation is an effective procedure for hematospermia refractory to medical therapy in the appropriately selected patient. Source of Funding: N/A © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e553-e554 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Aaron Brant More articles by this author Nahid Punjani More articles by this author Christopher Gaffney More articles by this author Jonathan Fainberg More articles by this author James Kashanian More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Fine structure of spermatogenesis in the spider crab Lissa chiragra (Fabricius, 1775) (Eubrachyura, Epialtidae)

Abstract This article uses the male spider crab Lissa chiragra, collected from Ras el Tin beach on the Mediterranean Sea at Alexandria, Egypt, between January and December 2017, as a model for a descriptive study of the functional morphology of the different structures of spermatogenesis with the aid of the transmission electron microscope. This study divides the seminiferous tubule into three zones, i.e., the germinal, transformation, and evacuation zone. The transformation or maturation zone occupies the central area. The evacuation zone lies at a pole opposite to the germinal zone. The anterior vas deferens is a tube where the formation of the spermatophore occurs by means of secretions from the epithelium. The ejaculatory duct is located between the muscles of the coxae of the fifth walking legs. This study concluded that the complex acrosome vesicle is formed during spermiogenesis and the cytoplasm includes the membrane system, constituted by the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles associated with microtubules, and a few mitochondria. The Golgi apparatus is developed and is organized progressively to produce various vesicles. The cytoplasm forms a ring at the base of the nuclear extensions. The merger of the plasma and nuclear membranes, results in a pentalaminar membranous structure in some regions of the cell surface.

Structural and histological observations on the male reproductive system of adult red poplar leaf beetle Chrysomela populi Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

This study described the anatomy and histology of the male reproductive system in Chrysomela populi, which is an economically important species belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. Therefore, reproductive biology has been studied to combat this insect. As well as, the characters associated with the reproductive tract have been potential to discuss aspects of the system and to better understand the reproductive dynamics. The male reproductive system of C. populi has a pair of testes, a pair of vas efferentia and deferentia, a pair of seminal vesicles, a pair of accessory glands, an ejaculatory bulb, an ejaculatory duct, and an aedeagus. The testis consists of two flower-shaped lobes. Each testis has 20 sperm tubules (testicular follicles) containing cysts of germ cells at various developmental stages within the light orange peritoneal sheath. Testicular follicles are composed of three different (growth, maturation, and differentiation) zones. In the middle region of each testis joins with the vas efferens. The testis is attached to the seminal vesicle by a small stalk like vas efferens. In the lumen of the vas efferens, seminal vesicle, and vas deferens, sperms form clumps in the form of thin threads. The proximal end of the vas deferens is connected to the common ejaculatory duct. It joins with the ejaculatory bulb. Around the ejaculator bulb, there is a pair of convoluted, flat-surface tubular structure accessory glands. Posterior ejaculatory duct joins with the aedeagus.

Horizontal Transmission of the Symbiont Microsporidia MB in Anopheles arabiensis.

The recently discovered Anopheles symbiont, Microsporidia MB, has a strong malaria transmission-blocking phenotype in Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant Anopheles gambiae species complex member in many active transmission areas in eastern Africa. The ability of Microsporidia MB to block Plasmodium transmission together with vertical transmission and avirulence makes it a candidate for the development of a symbiont-based malaria transmission blocking strategy. We investigate the characteristics and efficiencies of Microsporidia MB transmission between An. arabiensis mosquitoes. We show that Microsporidia MB is not transmitted between larvae but is effectively transmitted horizontally between adult mosquitoes. Notably, Microsporidia MB was only found to be transmitted between male and female An. arabiensis, suggesting sexual horizontal transmission. In addition, Microsporidia MB cells were observed infecting the An. arabiensis ejaculatory duct. Female An. arabiensis that acquire Microsporidia MB horizontally are able to transmit the symbiont vertically to their offspring. We also investigate the possibility that Microsporidia MB can infect alternate hosts that live in the same habitats as their An. arabiensis hosts, but find no other non-anopheline hosts. Notably, Microsporidia MB infections were found in another primary malaria African vector, Anopheles funestus s.s. The finding that Microsporidia MB can be transmitted horizontally is relevant for the development of dissemination strategies to control malaria that are based on the targeted release of Microsporidia MB infected Anopheles mosquitoes.

The Sperm Structure and Spermatogenesis of Trypophloeus klimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

Simple SummaryIn the mating, reproduction, and phylogenetic reconstruction of various insect taxa, the morphological characteristics of the male reproductive system, spermatogenesis, and sperm ultrastructure are important. We investigated these morphological characteristics of Trypophloeus klimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), which is one of the most destructive pests of Populus alba var. pyramidalis (Bunge) using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We also compared these morphological characteristics with that found in other Curculionidae.The male reproductive system, sperm structure, and spermatogenesis of Trypophloeus klimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), which is one of the most destructive pests of Populus alba var. pyramidalis (Bunge), were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The male reproductive system of T. klimeschi is composed of testes, seminal vesicles, tubular accessory glands, multilobulated accessory glands, vasa deferentia, and a common ejaculatory duct. In spermatogenesis, two phenomena are apparent: The nuclear chromatin condenses into two different patterns, and an oval preacrosomal vesicle is present at the flank of the Golgi apparatus. The sperm are short, measuring 76.7 ± 1.8 μm in length, and are 508.1 ± 12.9 nm in width. The sperm are composed of a three-layer acrosomal complex, a cylindrical nucleus, two mitochondrial derivatives, a 9 + 9 + 2 axoneme, and two accessory bodies with a large “puff”-like expansion. Mature sperm are individually stored in seminal vesicles. During spermiogenesis, the similarities in the nuclear chromatin condensation characteristics of Curculioninae and Scolytinae are indicative of their close phylogenetic relationship. It appears that the preacrosomal vesicle being flanked by the Golgi apparatus is a characteristic of spermatogenesis in Curculionidae.

Mass spectrometric characterisation of the major peptides of the male ejaculatory duct, including a glycopeptide with an unusual zwitterionic glycosylation

Peptides present in the seminal fluid of Drosophila melanogaster can function as antimicrobial agents, enzyme inhibitors and as pheromones that elicit physiological and behavioural responses in the post-mated female. Understanding the molecular interactions by which these peptides influence reproduction requires detailed knowledge of their molecular structures. However, this information is often lacking and cannot be gleaned from just gene sequences and standard proteomic data. We now report the native structures of four seminal fluid peptides (andropin, CG42782, Met75C and Acp54A1) from the ejaculatory duct of male D. melanogaster. The mature CG42782, Met75C and Acp54A1 peptides each have a cyclic structure formed by a disulfide bond, which will reduce conformational freedom and enhance metabolic stability. In addition, the presence of a penultimate Pro in CG42782 and Met75C will help prevent degradation by carboxypeptidases. Met75C has undergone more extensive post-translational modifications with the formation of an N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue and the attachment of a mucin-like O-glycan to the side chain of Thr4. Both of these modifications are expected to further enhance the stability of the secreted peptide. The glycan has a rare zwitterionic structure comprising an O-linked N-acetyl hexosamine, a hexose and, unusually, phosphoethanolamine. A survey of various genomes showed that andropin, CG42782, and Acp54A1 are relatively recent genes and are restricted to the melanogaster subgroup. Met75C, however, was also found in members of the obscura species groups and in Scaptodrosophila lebanonensis. Andropin is related to the cecropin gene family and probably arose by tandem gene duplication, whereas CG42782, Met75C and Acp54A1 possibly emerged de novo. We speculate that the post-translational modifications that we report for these gene products will be important not only for a biological function, but also for metabolic stability and might also facilitate transport across tissue barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier of the female insect. Biological significanceSeminal fluid peptides of D. melanogaster function as antimicrobials, enzyme inhibitors and as pheromones, eliciting physiological and behavioural responses in the post-mated female. A fuller understanding of how these peptides influence reproduction requires knowledge not only of their primary structure, but also of their post-translational modification. However, this information is often lacking and difficult to glean from standard proteomic data. The reported modifications, including the unusual glycosylation, adds much to our knowledge of this important class of peptides in this model organism, par excellence.

Anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tractof Machtima crucigera (Fabricius, 1775) (Heteroptera: Coreidae)

Representatives of the Coreidae, include species of economic importance that are pests in some crops, such as Machtima crucigera (Fabricius, 1775) pest of acerola crops. Morphological studies can contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary history of insects and to elucidate their reproductive strategies. This study describes the structure of the male reproductive tract of this insect. The males have two pectin-shaped testes, with seven follicles each, and many cysts at different developmental stages. In the testicular follicles, three spermatogenesis regions are recognized: the growth, maturation and differentiation zones. The reproductive tract also includes a pair of deferent ducts, each which enlarge into two seminal vesicle, accessory glands of mesodermal and ectodermal origins, an ejaculatory bulb, an ectodermal sac and an ejaculatory duct ending in the aedeagus. The testes and seminal vesicles are covered externally by an orange-pigmented peritoneal sheath. The morphological features of the male reproductive tract of M. crucigera and its similarities with other Heteroptera are discussed. These characters have potential to elucidate reproductive strategies of this agricultural pest and the evolutionary history of the group.

Morphology of the male reproductive tract and spermatozoa of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)

Xylophagous beetles (Ptinidae) are pests fed on dried and manufactured products from plants or animals. The tobacco weevil, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae: Xyletininae) is cosmopolitan, polyphagous and damages stored products, including flour, tobacco and spices. This study describes the morphology of the male reproductive tract and spermatozoa of L. serricorne. The male reproductive tract has a pair of testes with two follicles each, a pair of vasa deferentia and seminal vesicles, five pairs of accessory glands and a single ejaculatory duct opening in the aedeagus. The testis follicles are filled with cysts containing 28 germ cells each. The spermatozoa are spiral and long (1378.6 ± 13.4 μm total length, including 9.2 ± 0.06 μm nucleus) and a tiny acrosome is present. The axoneme microtubular pattern is 9 + 9 + 2, with two symmetrical mitochondrial derivatives and two accessory bodies. The morphologies of the male reproductive tract and spermatozoa of L. serricorne indicate possible adaptations to increase the reproductive success of this beetle, such as mating competition and high population density. This is the first preliminary description of spermatozoa in Xyletininae beetles, which will allow future comparisons with other Coleoptera.

Asymmetric Phenotypes of Sterile Hybrid Males From Reciprocal Crosses Between Species of the Anopheles gambiae Complex

Haldane’s rule of speciation states that sterility or inviability affects the heterogametic sex of inter-species hybrids. Darwin’s corollary to Haldane’s rule implies that there are asymmetric phenotypes in inter-species hybrids from reciprocal crosses. Studying the phenotypes of F1 hybrids among closely related species of malaria mosquitoes can assist researchers in identifying the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms of speciation. To characterize phenotypes of sterile hybrid males in the Anopheles gambiae complex, we performed crosses between laboratory strains of An. merus and either An. gambiae or An. coluzzii. The reproductive tracts had normal external morphology in hybrid males from crosses between female An. merus and male An. gambiae or An. coluzzii. Despite being sterile, these males could copulate with females for a normal period of time and could transfer a mating plug to induce female oviposition and monogamy. In contrast, the entire reproductive tracts in hybrid males from crosses between female An. gambiae or An. coluzzii and male An. merus were severely underdeveloped. These males had atrophic testes and reduced somatic organs of the reproductive system including male accessary glands and ejaculatory duct. In addition, hybrid males with underdeveloped reproductive tracts displayed a shorter copulation time with females and failed to induce female oviposition and monogamy due to their inability to form and transfer a plug to females during mating. The asymmetry of the phenotypes associated with hybrid male sterility suggests that different genetic factors and molecular mechanisms are responsible for reproductive isolation in reciprocal crosses among species of the An. gambiae complex.

Zinner Syndrome.

Zinner syndrome is a developmental anomaly of the urogenital tract. This condition is defined by the triad of unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The syndrome is due to malformation of the mesonephric duct during embryogenesis. The condition used to be rare but is now frequently encountered due to the advent of MRI and CT. MRI confirms the diagnosis by revealing the seminal vesicle cyst and its contents, and the ejaculatory duct obstruction, while CT confirms renal agenesis. We report the case of a young patient with Zinner syndrome.LEARNING POINTSZinner syndrome consists of the triad of renal agenesis, seminal vesicle cyst and ejaculatory duct obstruction.Any insult during embryogenesis of the mesonephric duct in men can result in Zinner syndrome.Pelvic MRI is the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis of Zinner syndrome.

POSTHOVITELLINUM PSILOTERMINAE N. GEN., N. SP. (DIGENEA: LISSORCHIIDAE) INFECTING THE INTESTINE OF CYCLOCHEILOS ENOPLOS (CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) IN THE MEKONG RIVER, VIETNAM.

Herein we describe a new species and propose a new genus, Posthovitellinum psiloterminae n. gen., n. sp. (Lissorchiidae: Asymphylodorinae), based on specimens that infect the intestine of Cyclocheilos enoplos (Bleeker, 1849) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a migratory riverine carp from the Mekong River (Dong Thap province, Vietnam). The new species is assigned to Lissorchiidae by having a combination of features: spinous tegument, subterminal oral sucker, pre-equatorial ventral sucker, median and pretesticular ovary, submarginal genital pore at level of the ventral sucker, follicular vitellarium distributing in 2 lateral fields, and lacking eyespot pigment in the adult. It cannot be assigned to any existing asymphylodorine genus because it has the combination of a well-developed cirrus-sac, an unarmed ejaculatory duct and metraterm, a follicular vitellarium distributing in 2 lateral fields located between the posterior margin of the ventral sucker and the mid-level of the testis, and a sinistral, submarginal genital pore. The new species has an elongate, claviform cirrus-sac, a single, large, elongate-oval testis at the posterior extremity of the body, operculate eggs, and an I-shaped excretory bladder with secondary branches at the level of the testis and extending anteriad to the level of the pharynx. Bayesian inference analysis of the partial large subunit ribosomal DNA gene (28S rDNA) recovered the new species sister to Asaccotrema vietnamienseSokolov and Gordeev, 2019; these species differed by 118 nucleotides (12%; 983 bp fragment). This is the first lissorchiid reported from the Mekong River; only the second from southern Vietnam; and the fourth reported from a cyprinid fish in Vietnam. The aforementioned phylogenetic analysis included previously unpublished sequences representing lissorchiids infecting the intestine of North American suckers (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae): Lissorchis cf. nelsoni from spotted sucker; Minytrema melanops (Rafinesque, 1820) and Lissorchis cf. gullaris (immature) from smallmouth buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus (Rafinesque, 1818). Asymphylodora atherinopsidisAnnereaux, 1947, herein is treated as a species incertae sedis. The 28S tree topology suggests that Lissorchiinae may comprise more than 1 lineage, but additional species are needed to confidently assert this.

Anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract in creeping water bugs (Heteroptera: Naucoridae)

AbstractCreeping water bugs (Naucoridae) are predatory aquatic insects widely distributed in the Neotropical region. This study describes the structure of the male reproductive tract in two species, Limnocoris porphyros Nieser &amp; Lopez Ruf, 2001 (Limnocorinae) and Pelocoris subflavus Montandon, 1898 (Naucorinae), under light microscopy. Both in L. porphyros and P. subflavus, the reproductive tract of sexually mature males consists of a pair of testes, efferent ducts, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, two pairs of accessory glands, and an ejaculatory duct. Each testis has seven follicles. Deferent ducts were long with a dilation forming the seminal vesicle. Post‐vesicular deferent ducts were long, coiled, and contained spermatozoa. Characters derived from anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract in the two species, expand the knowledge on reproductive biology and provide new data that can enhance behavioural research and contribute to understand the evolutionary history of aquatic Heteroptera.

Zinner syndrome: A case report of rare urogenital anomaly

Zinner Syndrome is a rare urogenital tract anomaly with unilateral renal agenesis, ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst, and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. The syndrome occurs due to an insult to the development of the paramesonephric duct during embryogenesis. Patients may present late due to dysejaculation as a result of obstruction of the ejaculatory duct or commonly remain asymptomatic. Here, we present such a case presenting with dysejaculation which was diagnosed with Zinner syndrome on ultrasound.

Study of Expression of P53 in Prostatic Lesions

Prostate gland is an accessory gland of the male reproductive system.Prostate begins development from the mesenchymal tissue, surrounding the urogenital sinus in the 3 rd month of gestation. Epithelial buds invaginate from the posterior sinus on either side of verumontanum. Concurrently, Wolffian ducts develop into seminal vesicles, epididymis, Vasdeferens and ejaculatory ducts that are stimulated by fetal testosterone. Histologically all malignant lesions encountered were Conventional Adenocarcinoma of Prostate. The commonest pattern seen was acinar followed bycribriform and fused glandularpattern. Conventional Adenocarcinoma forms the most commontype of prostatic carcinoma and they are moderately differentiated byGleason’s microscopicgrading. Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels increases proportionately with advancing clinical stage. Studies have shownthat serial increase in serum PSA is associated with incidence of occult carcinoma.In the present study, the TURP specimen received was ranged in the volume from 8 to 20cc. Every tissue was carefully examined for the presence of yellow and firm or gray hard areas and necrotic areas. After fixation and processing, 4 -5µ sections were cut and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was done. In the present study all the benign lesions stained negative except for cases were the PSA value is more than &gt;50ng/ml with p53 IHC and in prostate carcinoma positive indicating epithelial marker positive for prostate gland. In coclusio, the IHC expression of p53 is significantly up- regulated in malignant lesions and have importance in prognostic factors and disease survival.

Integrative descriptions of two new species of Dugesia from Hainan Island, China (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae).

Two new species of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Hainan Island of China are described on the basis of morphological, karyological and molecular data. Dugesia semiglobosa Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is mainly characterized by a hemispherical, asymmetrical penis papilla with ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct opening terminally at tip of penis papilla; vasa deferentia separately opening into mid-dorsal portion of intrabulbar seminal vesicle; two diaphragms in the ejaculatory duct; copulatory bursa formed by expansion of bursal canal, lined with complex stratified epithelium, which projects through opening in bursa towards intestine, without having open communication with the gut; mixoploid chromosome complement diploid (2n = 16) and triploid (3n = 24), with metacentric chromosomes. Dugesia majuscula Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is mainly characterized by oviducts opening asymmetrically into female reproductive system; hyperplasic ovaries; expanded posterior section of bursal canal; vasa deferentia separately opening into mid-dorsal portion of seminal vesicle; asymmetrical penis papilla due to ventral course of ejaculatory duct, which has subterminal and dorsal opening at tip papilla; mixoploid chromosome complement diploid (2n = 16) and triploid (3n = 24); chromosomes metacentric. Apart from their anatomy, separate species status of the two new species is supported also by their genetic distances and by their positions in the phylogenetic tree. The sexualization process may have been induced by the lower temperatures, in comparison with their natural habitat, under which the worms were cultured in the laboratory.

Registration of histopathology to magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer.

Background and purposeThe diagnostic accuracy of new imaging techniques requires validation, preferably by histopathological verification. The aim of this study was to develop and present a registration procedure between histopathology and in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate, to estimate its uncertainty and to evaluate the benefit of adding a contour-correcting registration.Materials and methodsFor twenty-five prostate cancer patients, planned for radical prostatectomy, a 3D-printed prostate mold based on in-vivo MRI was created and an ex-vivo MRI of the specimen, placed inside the mold, was performed. Each histopathology slice was registered to its corresponding ex-vivo MRI slice using a 2D-affine registration. The ex-vivo MRI was rigidly registered to the in-vivo MRI and the resulting transform was applied to the histopathology stack. A 2D deformable registration was used to correct for specimen distortion concerning the specimen’s fit inside the mold. We estimated the spatial uncertainty by comparing positions of landmarks in the in-vivo MRI and the corresponding registered histopathology stack.ResultsEighty-four landmarks were identified, located in the urethra (62%), prostatic cysts (33%), and the ejaculatory ducts (5%). The median number of landmarks was 3 per patient. We showed a median in-plane error of 1.8 mm before and 1.7 mm after the contour-correcting deformable registration. In patients with extraprostatic margins, the median in-plane error improved from 2.1 mm to 1.8 mm after the contour-correcting deformable registration.ConclusionsOur registration procedure accurately registers histopathology to in-vivo MRI, with low uncertainty. The contour-correcting registration was beneficial in patients with extraprostatic surgical margins.

Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy for intractable hematospermia: experience from 144 patients

Purposeto describe the methodology of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy and the anatomy of the area of the verumontanum, and to determine the safety of this procedure, especially in terms of postoperative complications.MethodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled 144 patients with intractable hematospermia from May 2011 and August 2019. A 4.5/6.5-Fr vesiculoscope was inserted into the seminal vesicle to deal with the positive findings. The solution of quinolones was used to rinse each seminal vesicle.ResultsIn this study, Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy was successfully performed in 139 patients (96.53%). Hematospermia was alleviated or disappeared in 116 (80.56%) patients by less than half a year after surgery. Common intraoperative manifestations were hemorrhage, stones, utricle polyps and cysts. The surgical approach in our study were categorized into four types, including 24 (16.7%), 73 (50.7%), 42 (29.2%), and 5 (3.5%) cases in Type A (natural opening of the ejaculatory duct), B (trans-duct fenestration), C (trans-utricle fenestration), and D (not founded), respectively. Sexual function change was recorded in 12 patients of 111 patients, all by the method of trans-utricle fenestration, including 8 (7.21%), 3 (2.70%), and 1 (0.90%) patients in shorter intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, worse erection hardness and loss of orgasm, respectively.ConclusionTransurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is an effective and safe procedure for the management of hematospermia. The anatomy of the distal seminal tract should be understood more deeply and Wu’method (uncover-curtain method) needs to be promoted to verify its universality and safety. Besides, the complications of the function dysfunction should be discussed in the future in multi-center clinical trials.