The weak cosmic censorship (WCC) conjecture ensures the deterministic nature of an underlying gravitational theory by prohibiting formations of naked singularities and can be used as a consistency criterion for any viable modification over general relativity (GR). We employ this idea via a general strategy to show that in contrast to the analogous result in GR, it is indeed possible to overcharge such modified extremal black holes. Demanding the validity of WCC, we put some stringent constraints on various parameters of the theory. In particular, for a specific class of charged Einstein-aether black hole, our method is strong enough to reproduce the same bound on the parameter present in the solution obtained previously from entirely different considerations.