Eighth Group Research Articles

Chitosan-encapsulated Selenium Nanoparticles Alleviate CCl4 Induced Hepatotoxicity through Synergistically Modulating NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways and Regulating Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 Expression: A Comprehensive Study with Multiple Regression Analysis

BackgroundThe delivery of selenium in a nano-form (Se-NPs) is a promising modality of treatment for various oxidative stress-induced diseases. ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the conceivable effects of selenium nanoparticles either alone (Se-NPs) or encapsulated with chitosan (Se-CS-NPs) on toxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. MethodsEighty albino rats were divided equally into eight groups. The first group was the placebo. The second group was a positive control, while the third and the fourth groups got orally (Se-NPs 5mg/Kg) and (Se-CS-NPs 225mg/Kg) respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were protective groups in which Se-NPs or Se-CS-NPs were given simultaneously. The seventh and eighth groups were therapeutic as they received either Se-NPs or Se-CS-NPs after stopping the CCl4 injection for 4 weeks more. ResultsOur results showed that the protective and therapeutic groups showed an increase in caspase-3 gene expression with a decline in the expression of Bcl-2, Nrf2, and AFP genes. Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations showed the role of selenium nanoparticles either alone or coated with chitosan in decreasing fibrotic marker collagen I positive reaction ConclusionSelenium nanoparticles showed an excellent effect in counteracting the toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride on liver functions, inflammation reactions, and apoptosis process. Moreover, using selenium nanoparticles has a strong role in preserving the liver architecture with its normal constituents. No additional benefit was observed when the selenium nanoparticles were encapsulated with chitosan.

Osmium(III) Acetylacetonate and Its Missing Polymorph: A Magnetic and Structural Investigation.

Despite the potential for their application, the magnetic behavior of complexes containing 4d and 5d metal ions is underexplored, evidencing the need for benchmark multi-technique studies on simple molecules. We report here a structural and magnetic study on osmium(III) acetylacetonate [Os(acac)3]. X-ray single crystal diffraction did not allow us to determine the structure of the β-polymorph of [Os(acac)3]. The combined magnetic (dc magnetic measurements on powder and cantilever torque magnetometry on single crystal) and spectroscopic (electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) characterization is here used to provide further evidence that its structure is indeed the one of the orthorhombic "missing polymorph", analogous to the ruthenium(III) derivative. Our study shows that all acetylacetonate complexes of the eighth group of the periodic table show dimorphism and are isomorphic. The EPR characterization allowed the experimental assessment of the easy axis nature of the ground doublet and the determination of the first hyperfine coupling in an osmium complex. Torque magnetometry, applied here for the first time on an osmium-based molecule, determined the orientation of the easy axis along the pseudo C3 axis of the complex. Ac magnetometric measurements revealed in-field slow relaxation of the magnetization further slowed by the suppression of dipolar fields via magnetic dilution in the isostructural gallium(III) analogue.

Liver-boosting potential: chicory compound-mediated silver nanoparticles for hepatoprotection-biochemical and histopathological insights.

Background: Liver disease is a serious health concern in today's world, posing a challenge to both healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies. Most synthetic drugs and chemicals cause liver damage accounting for approximately 10% of acute hepatitis and 50% of acute liver failure. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the hepato-protective activity of an extract of chicory formulation assisted by silver nanoparticles against carbon tetra chloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in rat's liver. Methods: Rats of the Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) were used to test the in vivo hepato-protective efficacy at various doses. Rats were randomly divided into nine groups, each containing six rats. The groups were as follows: first group (control), second group (CCl4), third group, silymarin (20mg/kg of body weight), fourth group (CCl4+chicory) (1.75mg/kg of b. wt), fifth group (CCl4 + chicory at the dose of 2.35mg/kg), sixth group (CCl4 + chicory of 3.25mg/kg), seventh group (CCl4 +AgNPs 1.75mg/kg of b. wt.), eighth group (CCl4 + AgNPs 2.35mg/kg of body weight), and ninth group (CCl4 + AgNPs 3.25mg/kg of b. wt.). Blood samples were taken 24h after the last administration (i.e., 30th day). The blood samples were analyzed for different serum enzymes such as ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), bilirubin (Blr), triglyceride, and cholesterol. Histology liver sections were performed. Results: Treatment with AgNPs and chicory extract showed significant hepato-protective activity in a dose-dependent manner. In three doses, the chicory extract at a rate of 3.25mg/kg of body weight significantly reduced elevated levels of biochemical markers in comparison to CCl4-intoxicated rats. Histology of the liver sections from CCl4-treated rats revealed inflammation of hepatocytes, necrosis, cytoplasmic degeneration, vacuolization, and a deformed central vein. The chicory formulation extract exhibited a remarkable recovery percentage in the liver architecture that was higher than the drug (i.e., silymarin). While treatment with AgNPs also repaired the degenerative changes and restored the normal form of the liver, chicory formulation extract possessed more hepato-protective potential as compared to AgNPs by regulating biochemical and histo-pathological parameters. Conclusion: This study can be used as confirmation of the hepato-protective potential of chicory compounds for possible use in the development programs of drugs to treat liver diseases.

Low-Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Field Enhances the Genotoxicity of Chromium(VI) Ions in Amphibians

This article reports the results of a study of Cr(VI) ions mutagenicity in the erythrocytes of Bufo viridis tadpoles under the influence of a low-frequency pulsed magnetic field (LF PMF). The tadpoles were randomly divided into 14 groups (n = 7). One group of intact tadpoles served as control. Other groups were experimental. The first six groups were placed for 24 h in water containing Cr(VI) at different concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.50 mg/L). The eighth group was subjected to an 8-h exposure to LF PMF (41 mT, 16 Hz). The remaining six groups of tadpoles were kept for 24 h in water with Cr(VI) ions at the specified concentrations and were also irradiated with LF PMF (41 mT, 16 Hz) during the first 8 h of this period. A day after the exposure, blood smears were taken, and the frequencies of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in erythrocytes were analyzed. The results reveal that low concentrations of Cr(VI) (0.025 and 0.05 mg/L), unlike the higher ones (0.125 mg/L and above), did not significantly affect the frequencies of the analyzed anomalies. The combined action of Cr(VI) and LF PMF significantly increased the frequencies of the recorded anomalies in all the six variants of the experiment. The synergistic effect of Cr(VI) and LF PTF was shown.

Curcumin-loaded chitosan-protamine nanoparticles: A promising approach to ameliorate nicotine-induced reproductive disorders in male rats

Nicotine (NIC) exposure has been shown to impair male fertility, affecting sperm quality and motility. Curcumin (CUR) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and has demonstrated potential in treating a range of health conditions, including infertility. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin encapsulated in chitosan-protamine nanoparticles (CUR-CPNPs) against nicotine-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. CUR-CPNPs were chemically prepared and characterized by TEM imaging, Zetasizer, and FT-IR spectroscopy. eight groups (6 rats per each) of male rats were used: first & second groups acted as control, third group received CUR-CPNPs (250 mg/kg), fourth group received CUR (250 mg/kg), fifth group received CPNPs (250 mg/kg), sixth group received 0.6 mg/kg nicotine (NIC). Finally, seventh and eighth groups are received NIC + CUR, NIC + CUR-CPNPs, respectively. After the end of the treatment period, the rats were anesthetized then the relative weight of the reproductive organs, semen analysis, testosterone levels and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed, and finally a histopathological analysis of the testicular tissue was performed.The impacts of NIC administration resulted in a significant reduction in relative reproductive organs weights, exacerbated oxidative stress, decreased serum testosterone level, and negatively impacted semen count, motility, and viability. Testicular histopathology revealed extensive degenerative alterations. On the other hand, the ameliorative role of CUR-CPNPs clearly reversed the devastating effect caused by nicotine.

Comparative analysis of the anti-depression effects of lorazepam, acupuncture, and curcumin utilizing the forced swimming test in experimental rats models

Introductionlorazepam is one of benzodiazepine medication that is usually used for its sedative and anxiolytic effect and has anti-depressant like effects. Turmeric is a plant that contain curcumin as main active compound that exert its antidepressant action inhibit monoamine oxidase and increase levels of dopamine and serotonin in brain. Aimthe present study investigate the depression effect of curcumin (natural selective serotonin inhibitors) in comparison with acupuncture and lorazepam. Method32 adult rats weighing (150 g−280 g) were divided equally into 8 groups each group contain 4 rats. The first 3 group of rats were treated with lorazepam, mixture of (curcumin, black pepper and olive oil) and pricked with insulin needle at point gb39, respectively, while second 4 groups of rats were received lorazepam and mixture, lorazepam and acupuncture, mixture and acupuncture, and lorazepam, mixture and acupuncture, separately, and the eighth group is control group don't receive any drugs. After 35 days, forced swimming test was made for all rats. ResultsLiver parameters: - GOT increased in all group, GPT increased in rat's group that received lorazepam, mixture group and lorazepam+ mixture group, This indicates the existence of problems previously with the liver of the rat used, and what remains is the high levels of GOT and GPT in the control group, while TSB is within the normal range for all groups. Kidney parameters:-blood urea levels increased in all groups and S. creatinine levels within normal range for all groups. Conclusionthe evaluation of natural SERMs in the forced swimming test showed promising antidepressant-like effects, comparable to lorazepam and acupuncture. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and determine optimal dosage and safety. Natural selective serotonin inhibitors hold potential as alternative or complementary treatments for depression.

Evaluation of the impact of fluoride in drinking water and tea on the enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth

BackgroundSystemic fluoride intake is predominantly derived from drinking water and tea. It’s been noted that water and tea containing fluoride, within the boundaries set by the World Health Organization, can lessen the prevalence of dental caries. A review of the literature did not uncover any study that has examined the impact of fluoride in bottled drinking water and tea on enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth. Thus, we assessed the effects of fluoride present in seven different brands of bottled water from distinct geographical regions of Turkey, and a type of tea produced and packaged in Turkey, on the enamel of deciduous and permanent teeth.Materials and methodsFluoride analysis was performed on drinking water sourced from seven different regions of Turkey and a brand of tea brewed with these waters. The tea was harvested and packaged in Turkey. The analysis was conducted using an ion-selective electrode. In total, 112 tooth enamel samples (56 deciduous molars and 56 permanent molars) were randomly divided into eight distinct groups. These were kept in water for 15 min and tea for 15 min every day for a month. The eighth group was treated with fluoride gel prior to tea and water applications. The amount of fluoride in the tooth enamel structure was evaluated using an SEM EDX device before and after the experiment.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in fluoride content of enamel between water brands and tooth type (deciduous and permanent teeth). Fluoride levels were higher in the enamel of deciduous teeth than in permanent teeth.ConclusionRegular exposure of enamel samples to black tea and water led to an increase in fluoride levels in the enamel; thus, regular consumption of black tea and fluoride water could help reduce the prevalence of dental caries.

Comparison of the effect of olive oil and its derivatives with atorvastatin in mitigating physiological and histological disorders due to hyperlipidemia in male rats

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia destroys liver tissue, increasing liver enzymes. Increases liver extract ferritin, kidney and liver iron, while decreasing Hepcidin hormonal levels. Olive oil, hydroxytyrosol, and Atorvastatin were compared on liver enzymes, HMG-reductase activity, ferritin, hepcidin hormone, and iron deposition in liver and kidney tissues in experimental hyperlipidemic albino male rats. Methodology: The experiment involved 50 albino rats grouped into two (control and test) of 25 rats each, then divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Animals in the first control group (blank) were fed the standard diet and gavaged distilled water for eight weeks, whereas the second to fifth groups of the first subgroup were fed the same standard diet for eight weeks followed by oral gavage with olive oil, hydroxytyrosol, olive oil + hydroxytyrosol, and atorvastatin, respectively, from the third week. Animals in the first test group were fed a diet containing 2% cholesterol for the duration of the experiment, whereas rats in the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth test groups were fed a high-cholesterol diet 2% for two weeks, followed by oral gavage with olive oil extract for the seventh group, hydroxytyrosol for the eighth group, olive oil extract + hydroxytyrosol for the ninth group, and a drug Atorvastatin for the tenth. Results: Hyperlipidemia significantly increased the concentrations of liver enzyme in serum, ferritin and iron deposition in liver and kidney tissues, while decreasing the HMG-reductase activity and hepcidin hormonal levels in liver extract was seen in hyperlipidemia group in comparison to healthy controls. While the groups of treated animals showed a significant enhancement in each of the aforementioned factors, as olive oil extract + hydroxytyrosol outperformed all treatments. Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia increases liver enzymes, ferritin, and iron deposition while lowering hepcidin hormone and HMG-reductase activity. Hypercholesterolemia was mitigated by olive oil extract and hydroxytyrosol.

Using some natural essential oils and their nano-emulsions for ammonia management, anti-stress and prevention of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of dietary thyme essential oil (TEO), Nigella sativa essential oil (NSEO), thyme essential oil nano-emulsion (TEO-NE), and Nigella sativa essential oil nano-emulsion (NSEO-NE) in reducing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), improving immune response, mitigating stress, and acting as anti-inflammatory agents as well as preventing streptococcosis infection in Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). Fish (N = 330, 14 ± 2 g) were divided into 10 groups of 11 fish each, with three replicates in each group. The negative and positive controls were fed a control diet, while the third group was given 1% TEO. Moreover, the fourth group of fish was given 2% TEO. The fifth and sixth groups were fed 1% TEO-NE and 2% TEO-NE, respectively. The seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth groups were fed 1% NSEO, 2% NSEO, 1% NSEO-NE, and 2% NSEO-NE, respectively. After dietary intake of TEO, NSEO, and their nano-emulsions for 28 days, the mean values of TAN levels in the water of fish aquaria had a significant reduction in the group fed 2% TEO-NE compared to the control group. On the contrary, NSEO-NE at the same concentration had no significant effect on TAN levels. The levels of lysozyme, complement 5, and IgM increased in all feeding groups compared to the control group. Concerning cortisol level as a stress indicator, it was decreased in all feeding groups compared to the control. Also, the current experiment overall showed a significant decrease in the expression level of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) gene in the gills of fish groups fed TEO, TEO-NE, NS, and NS-NE relative to the β-actin gene. Oppositely, there was an increase in the expression level of the anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor (TGF-β). In the current study, TEO-NE and NSEO-NE showed a better effect on preventing streptococcosis in O. niloticus with no mortality than 1% TEO and NSEO, respectively. Furthermore, there was a 12.5% mortality rate and an 84.99 RPS in the group fed 1% TEO and injected with Streptococcus inae. On the other hand, the groups fed 1 and 2% NSEO showed 37.5 and 25% mortality rate, respectively and 54.99 and 69.99 RPS. In conclusion, the nano-emulsion either TEO or NSEO had the superior effect. For bulk status, the TEO had superior effect than NSEO. The study needs more investigations for ammonia, either on the mode of action or over a longer period.

Anti-tumor Activity of Plantago lanceolata Aqueous Extract In Vitro and Genotoxicity by Micronucleus Assay In Vivo

The study is designed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of the P. lanceolata plant, as well as to know the effect of the drug CCl4 on the formation of micronucleus in vivo 48 female albino mice. In the study mice were separated into eight groups treated intraperitoneally for seven day first group Negative control, second positive control( CCl4 0.02%), third group aqueous extract (250 mg/kg), fourth group aqueous extract (500 mg/kg), fifth group (CCl4 0.02%) plus aqueous extract (250 mg/kg), sixth group (CCl4 0.02%) plus aqueous extract (500 mg/kg), seventh group aqueous extract (250 mg/kg) plus (CCl4 0.02%), and eighth group aqueous extract (500 mg/kg) plus (CCl4 0.02%). The genetic-cellular aspect involved measuring the coefficient of micronucleus formation in bone marrow cells in mice treated with CCl4 and plant aqueous extract. The results showed that the treatment of mice with the drug led to a rise in the coefficient of micronucleus formation compared to the negative control group. In addition, it showed the plant's ability to reduce the drug CCl4 effect in the totals of overlaps between the plant extract and the drug at the concentrations used for the plant 250 and 500 μg/ml and reduce the formation of micronucleus. The cellular toxicity of the plant’s aqueous extract on the liver cancer cell line was assessed in HepG2 (liver cancer cell line) and the WRL68 (hepatic human cell line) using concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg /ml) from the plant’s aqueous extract on the HepG2 liver cancer cell line. The results showed a decrease in cell viability depending on aqueous extract concentration. The vitality of cancer cells decreased with the increase in concentration; the viability of the aqueous extract of the plant on cancer cells reached the minimum at concentration 400 μg/ml 45.34±4.44, while it reached the maximum when concentration 25 μg/ml 84.53±2.41.

RHENIUM INTERACTION WITH METALS AND FORMATION OF INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS

Interaction of rhenium with transition metals of the IV-VIII groups has been analyzed. The advantages of rhenium as an alloying element for construction steels and especially for steels used in special machinery have been demonstrated. Besides being heat and boil resistant, like tungsten, molybdenum and tantalum alloys, Re alloys are also uniquely plastic which is due to separation of carbon from brittle carbides and formation of solid rhenium and carbon solutions. It has been demonstrated that rhenium and elements of the eighth group form solid solutions with unlimited solubility. In the rhenium systems, there are twenty intermetallic compounds with σ and χ phases. Besides these phases, rhenium also forms λ phases (Laves’s phase) with elements of the IVth group. Being a metal with tight hexagonal structure, rhenium has high solubility, up to 65 at.%, with metals of the Vth and VIth groups that have a volumcentric cubic structure. Rheniums solubility is quite low (0,5...4,0%) in hexagonal α modifications of polymorph metals of IVth group and, at the same time, the solubility in volumecentric β modificiation of the same metals reaches (for titan) 50 at.%. Re has high thermal stability. It has higher strength than tungsten, and considerably higher than Mo at 1200oC.

Effects of Onopordum acanthium L., seeds extracts on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and angiotensin-converting enzyme in hyperlipidemic and diabetic rats

This study was designed to evaluate the role of local Onopordum acanthium L. (cotton thistle) seed extracts (200mg/kg) in diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats with the histopathological examination of liver, kidney and spleen tissues. Ninety adult male rats were randomly divided into nine equal groups. The first group was used as a control fed on a standard diet; the second group was treated with water extract and the third group was treated with the ethanolic extract. The fourth group was injected with streptozotocin (40mg/kg) as a diabetic group, while in the fifth group, diabetic rats were treated with water extract and in the sixth group, diabetic rats were treated with the alcoholic extract. The seventh group was fed on high cholesterol diet (hyperlipidemic group). In the eighth and ninth groups, hyperlipidemic rats were treated with water extract and alcoholic extracts, respectively. The fasting blood glucose (FBS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lipid profile, liver and renal function parameters, CRP, WBCs, hematological parameters and body weight were almost improved when diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats were treated with water extract and ethanol extract. Histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and spleen in diabetic groups were improved in groups treated with both extracts. Conclusion: from the results of this study, it can be reported that extracts of local cotton thistle seeds (mostly water extract) were effective in controlling abnormal parameters and histopathological changes in diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats.

Analgesic Activities of Ethanolic and Methanolic Extract of Ganitri Leaves (Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb): In vivo study

Pain is a feeling of discomfort caused by intense or destructive stimuli, which can affect your daily routine if left untreated. Pain can be treated with an analgesic. One of the plants that are considered to have analgesic effects is the leaves of the ganitri. This research aims to determine ethanol and methanol extracts' impact on decreasing analgesic activity and percent protection. The study began with collecting and processing the leaves of the ganitri into the ethanol and methanol extracts using the maceration method. The research was continued with in vivo analgesic activity testing of 24 mice induced by pain using 1% acetic acid. The induced mice were divided into eight treatment groups, where the mice in the first group served as a negative control group. In that group, they were given CMC at a dose of 0.5%. The second group was positive control, given mefenamic acid at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW. In contrast, the third until eighth groups were given ethanol and methanolic extracts of the ganitri leaves with consecutive doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW dan 400 mg/kg BW. Parameters measuring the effectiveness of the extracts used in this study included the amount of stretching, the percentage of analgesic power, and analgesic effectiveness. The results showed that the ethanolic and methanolic extract had the highest percentage of analgesic power at 400 mg/Kg BW amounted to 91,3% and 88,3%. Furthermore, based on the statistical analysis results using ANOVA, it was found that the ethanol and methanolic extracts of the leaves of the ganitri dosage of 400 mg/Kg BW had analgesic activity close to 500 mg/kg BW of mefenamic acid.

Expression of purinergic receptors on microglia in the animal model of choroidal neovascularisation

To investigate the effect of P2 receptor on microglia and its inhibitor PPADS on choroidal neovascularization. Forty CX3CR1GFP/+ mice were randomly divided into 8 groups. In addition to the normal group, the rest of groups were receiving laser treatment. The retina and choroid from the second, third, fourth and fifth group of mice were taken in the 1, 4, 7, 14 days after laser treatment. The mice in the sixth and seventh group received intravitreal injection of 2 µl PPADS or PBS respectively immediately after laser treatment. The mice in the eighth group received topical application of PPADS once per day of three days. The mice in sixth, seventh and eighth group received AF and FFA examination on the fourth day after laser treatment. Immunofluorescence histochemical staining and real-time quantitative PCR were used to evaluate P2 expression and its effect on choroidal neovascularization. After laser treatment, activated microglia can express P2 receptors (P2X4, P2X7, P2Y2 and P2Y12). The expression of P2 increased on the first day after laser damage, peaked on the fourth day (tP2X4 = 6.05, tP2X7 = 2.95, tP2Y2 = 3.67, tP2Y12 = 5.98, all P < 0.01), and then decreased. After PPADS inhibition, compared with the PBS injection group, the mRNA of P2X4, P2X7, P2Y2 and P2Y12 were decreased significantly in the PPADS injection group (tP2X4 = 5.54, tP2X7 = 9.82, tP2Y2 = 3.86, tP2Y12 = 7.91, all P < 0.01) and the PPADS topical application group (tP2X4 = 3.24, tP2X7 = 5.89, tP2Y2 = 6.75, tP2Y12 = 4.97, all P < 0.01). Compared with the PBS injection group, not only the activity of microglia cells but also the leakage of CNV decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the PPADS injection group and the PPADS topical application group. But between two PPADS groups, the leakage of CNV had no difference (P = 0.864). After laser induced CNV, activated microglia can express P2 receptors. The P2 receptor inhibitor, PPADS, can significantly affect the function of microglia and inhibit the formation of choroidal neovascularization.

Different Methods For Testing The Microbial Effects Of Camel's Milk Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Overuse of antibiotics is causing some bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics, in addition to their price hikes. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of camel milk as a safe natural product to overcome the pathogens caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi and to test their effect on them by several ways, in vivo, in vitro, and in histology. In addition to the use of an electron microscope, 48 rats were used and they were divided into eight groups, the first group was considered a negative control. For two consecutive weeks, the second group gets the milk. And by intraperitoneal injection of E. coli and S. aureus group 3 and 4, respectively. Group 5 supplemented the infection by oral administration of Salmonella typhi The sixth, seventh and eighth groups were supplemented with camel milk for two consecutive weeks, then intraperitoneal injection of either E. coli or S. aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria by mouth, and the spleen was collected after 3 weeks to isolate the bacteria. The isolation rate of S. aureus, E coli, and Salmonella typhi was higher in rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 compared to groups 6, 7, and 8 and with milk diluents (10-100). By the agar diffusion method used to test for antibacterial efficacy, 80% dilution achieved the best result, and by using a transmission electron microscope to detect damage to the bacterial cell wall and disturbance in the cellular protein content. The results indicate that camel milk has an effect on the internal structure and cell wall also in the pathological anatomy. It was found that the pathogenic bacteria had fewer effects in the liver and kidneys in the groups treated with camel milk compared to the groups infected with bacteria only, and therefore we conclude that the camel milk Promising anti-bacterial properties.

EFFECTS OF IN OVO SYNBIOTIC INJECTION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, INTESTINAL BACTERIAL LOAD AND ANTIBODY TITRES IN BROILER CHICKENS VACCINATED AGAINST INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE

The present study investigated the efficacy of a synbiotic (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgar-icus, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, and mannan oligosaccharide) along with an infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine in Cobb 500 broilers. A total of 1200 embryonated chicken eggs were randomly allocated in 10 groups with eight replicates. The first group did not receive any treatment. The second group was vaccinated post-hatch (PV), the third group was vaccinated in ovo (IV), the fourth group received dietary synbiotic and in ovo vaccination (DS+IV), the fifth group was treated in ovo with synbiotic (IS), the sixth group received in ovo and dietary synbiotic (IS+DS), the seventh group received in ovo synbiotic plus post-hatch vaccination (IS+PV) and the eighth group  in ovo and dietary synbiotic and post-hatch vaccination (IS+DS+PV). In the ninth group, the synbiotic and the vaccine were administered in ovo (IS+IV) while the tenth group re-ceived in ovo and dietary synbiotic, plus in ovo vaccine (IS+DS+IV). The in ovo treatment with the synbiotic in combination with DS, IV or PV had a positive effect on weekly weight gain. The sixth group provided a better feed conversion ratio at the end of fourth week. The synbiotic appli-cation, individually in sixth group or along with PV or IV treatment in eighth and tenth groups, elevated feed intake in fifth and sixth weeks respectively.The antibody titre of IBD was higher for groups which received IV along with IS. It is concluded that the application of synbiotic along to IBD vaccine improved growth performance and had positive effects on IBD antibody titres.

Clinical Effect of Medical Cosmetic Suture on Patients with Complicated Eyelid Laceration

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of medical cosmetic suture on patients with complicated eyelid laceration. Methods: Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of medical cosmetic suture on patients with complicated eyelid laceration. Methods: medical cosmetic suture. Results: the postoperative recovery effect reduced the anxiety and depression evaluation index of patients. From the third group, the sixth group and the eighth group, it can be seen that the anxiety and depression evaluation of patients has shown a downward trend. Conclusion: through the medical cosmetic suture eyelid laceration patients, reduce the possibility of patients with scar, for patients with postoperative rehabilitation to a positive role in promoting, from the postoperative anxiety and depression index of patients can be seen, medical cosmetic suture complex eyelid laceration patients effect is very good.

Leaders’ Visions of Rehabilitation Services for Children in Ontario’s Schools: Effective Collaboration between Education and Health Sectors

Leaders in Ontario’s district school boards (DSBs) and children’s treatment centers (CTC’s) share responsibility for rehabilitation therapy services in inclusive schools. Children with or at risk of disability rely on these services to enable their participation in learning and social environments. The aim of this study was to explore how leaders in DSBs, CTCs and the community envision effective collaboration in rehabilitation therapy services to advance collaboration in service of children with or at risk of disability and their families. Seven 90-minute online semi-structured focus groups were conducted involving a total of 36 education, community and health leaders and data were analyzed thematically. An eighth focus group comprised of representatives from the seven previous groups was conducted to validate the findings and develop recommendations. Three themes were established: collaboration is a relational and intentional process, forging a path forward to serve children with rehabilitation therapy needs, and leaders’ attributes needed to effect change. The participants recommended the following next steps: clarifying provincial standards for services including roles of all partners, knowledge building within schools, and utilizing existing evidence-based tools. A shared vision of rehabilitation therapy services is needed for effective collaboration between health and education sectors. Future research should involve leaders from health and education sectors, with parents, children and other partners in co-designing, implementing, and evaluating rehabilitation services in schools.

Preparation and In Vitro Analysis of Craniofacial Titanium Implants Surfaces Produced by Additive 3D Printing and Conventional Manufacturing.

Surface finish of titanium patient-specific craniofacial implants is known to affect their acceptability and durability and relevant literature still inconclusive on the best surface finishing protocol. This study investigated surface topography of three-dimensionally (3D) printed and conventionally manufactured craniofacial titanium implants following non-contact 3D laser profile-meter analysis. Seven groups of titanium specimens (n = 10) were prepared and their surfaces were treated differently and included sole or combined treatment of mechanical polishing, gritting with 50 micron AL2O3, cold acid treatment using nitric acid for 20 hours (70% w/w), etching using acidic solution (69% nitric and 48% hydrofluoric acids) for 10 minutes and then electro-chemically anodized in another acidic solution (85% orthophosphoric and 98%sulphuric acid). Eighth group included specimens that were 3D printed. 3D micro-roughness parameters Sa, Sp, Sv, and Sz were determined (μm) for each specimen. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Dunett T3 post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant effects of surface finishing protocols (p < 0.05). Sa values were 2.72-13.75 and specimens which were electroplated or mechanically polished and acid treated were the smoothest (p < 0.05). Sp was in the range 9.07-43.56 as sandblasting significantly roughened surfaces (p < 0.05). The same inferior effect was evident for the Sv (p < 0.05). The Sz values were 19.46-107.05 and was the highest for sandblasted surfaces (p < 0.05) and the lowest for surfaces of electro-chemical treatment (p < 0.05). Titanium surfaces are affected by the finishing procedure and electro-chemical treatment or mechanical polishing combined with acid treatment produced clinically-favorable smooth surfaces.

РЕАКЦИЯ НОВЫХ САМООПЫЛЕННЫХ ЛИНИЙ КУКУРУЗЫ НА ПАРАГВАЙСКИЙ ТИП ЦМС

It is extremely important to study cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in maize since it is impossible to conduct large-scale commercial seed production of hybridized maize without CMS. The purpose of the current study was to identify the response of the new self-pollinated maize lines in a sterile cytoplasm of the Paraguay type, to group the lines according to the composition of fertility restoring genes based on an optimal quantity of the analyzed crossings. The field trials were carried out in 2016–2019 in the State Scientific Establishment “Agricultural research center “Donskoy”” (SSE “ARC “Donskoy”). To obtain hybrid combinations, the method of full top-crosses, namely eight testers and ten lines, was used. The new early-ripening and mid-ripening self-pollinated maize lines (I6), developed in the ARC “Donskoy”, were grouped according to the composition of the alleles of fertility restoring genes of the Paraguay (“C”) type of CMS based on the flowering pattern of the test cross F1 hybrids. The first group included the line SP 207 (genotype rf4rf4 rf5rf5 rf6rf6); the second group included the line SP 209 (genotype rf4rf4 rf5rf5 Rf6Rf6); the third group included the line SP 194 (genotype rf4rf4 Rf5Rf5 rf6rf6); the fourth group included the line SP 198 (genotype Rf4Rf4 rf5rf5 rf6rf6); the fifth group included the lines SP 203 and SP 195 (genotype rf4rf4 Rf5Rf5 Rf6Rf6); the sixth group included the line SP 206 (genotype Rf4Rf4 rf5rf5 Rf6Rf6); the seventh group included the line SP 180 (genotype Rf4Rf4 Rf5Rf5 rf6rf6); the eighth group included the lines SP 210 and SP 197 (genotype Rf4Rf4 Rf5Rf5 Rf6Rf6). The lines SP 207, SP 210 and SP 197 were of the greatest practical value when converting maize hybrids to a sterile base: the line SP 207 was a complete sterility fixer; the lines SP 210 and SP 197 were constant natural fertility restorers. In order to optimize the quantity of the analyzed crossings for grouping the maize lines according to the composition of the alleles of fertility restoring genes of the Paraguay (“C”) type of CMS, it was necessary to use such sterile sources as KR 21C (group IV), WF9C (group V), LC (group VI), W401C (group VII). The minimum quantity of analyzers to determine the response of the lines on the Paraguay type of CMS should be at least two. However, it was necessary to use sterile sources of certain classes, such as KR 21C (group IV) and Gb834 C (group I).