EI Scores Research Articles

Trait Emotional Intelligence and Children's Peer Relations at School

AbstractTrait emotional intelligence (‘trait EI’ or ‘trait emotional self‐efficacy’) is a constellation of emotion‐related self‐perceptions and dispositions comprising the affective aspects of personality. The present study investigated the role of trait EI in children's peer relations at school. One hundred and sixty pupils (83 girls; mean age = 10.8 years) were administered the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire and were subsequently asked to nominate all classmates who fitted each of seven distinct behavioural descriptions (‘co‐operative’, ‘disruptive’, ‘shy’, ‘aggressive’, ‘dependent’, ‘leader’ and ‘intimidating’). The teachers were also asked to nominate all pupils who fitted the seven descriptions. Pupils with high trait EI scores received more nominations for ‘co‐operation’ and ‘leadership’ and fewer nominations for ‘disruption’, ‘aggression’ and ‘dependence’. Factor analysis of teacher nominations revealed two orthogonal factors encompassing pro social and antisocial descriptions, respectively. High trait EI pupils scored higher on the pro social factor and lower on the antisocial factor. The discussion focuses on the construct validity of trait EI and its implications for children's peer relations at school.

Is trait‐Emotional Intelligence simply or more than just a trait?

The present study examined the usefulness of trait‐Emotional Intelligence (EI) among a sample of 1186 top managers who filled out questionnaires for Emotional Intelligence and the Big Five and were evaluated by a consultant on their competencies. Three higher‐order factors were found to underlie the Bar‐On Emotional Quotient Inventory (Bar‐On, 1997): sense of accomplishment, empathy, and planfulness. Trait‐EI was found to be substantially related to Extraversion, Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Autonomy. Nevertheless, the EI‐factors predicted additional variance over and above the Big Five in competency to support. On the whole, top managers scored higher on the EI dimensions compared with a general population sample. High EI scores were particularly found among managers from enterprising occupational environments, that is environments dominated by activities that entail persuading and leading others to attain organizational goals or economic gain. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school

Abstract This paper examines the role of trait emotional intelligence (‘trait EI') in academic performance and in deviant behavior at school on a sample of 650 pupils in British secondary education (mean age ≈16.5 years). Trait EI moderated the relationship between cognitive ability and academic performance. In addition, pupils with high trait EI scores were less likely to have had unauthorized absences and less likely to have been excluded from school. Most trait EI effects persisted even after controlling for personality variance. It is concluded that the constellation of emotion-related self-perceived abilities and dispositions that the construct of trait EI encompasses is implicated in academic performance and deviant behavior, with effects that are particularly relevant to vulnerable or disadvantaged adolescents.

Trait emotional intelligence: behavioural validation in two studies of emotion recognition and reactivity to mood induction

This paper presents two experiments concerning trait emotional intelligence (‘trait EI’). In study 1, ten high and ten low trait EI individuals were selected from a sample of 85 persons to participate in a computerized experiment involving the recognition of morphed emotional expressions. As hypothesized, high trait EI participants were faster at identifying the expressions than their low trait EI counterparts. In study 2, trait EI scores from 102 persons were residualized on the Big Five and subsequently 15 high and 15 low trait EI individuals were selected to participate in a mood induction experiment. As hypothesized, high trait EI participants exhibited greater sensitivity to the mood induction procedure than their low trait EI counterparts. The findings are discussed in terms of the construct validity of trait EI, with particular emphasis on the issue of incremental validity vis‐à‐vis broad personality traits. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Diallel Analysis of Resistance in White Clover to Southern Root‐Knot Nematode

Persistence of white clover, Trifolium repens L., is reduced in areas infested with the southern root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, in the southern USA. Little information is available on the resistance of white clover to M. incognita. This study was conducted to determine the relative importance of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability, and maternal and maternal reciprocal effects on resistance to M. incognita in selected white clover plants. Three M. incognita‐resistant and three susceptible white clover plants were used as parents in a diallel cross. Progeny from 30 F1 crosses, including reciprocals, and ‘Regal’ white clover (a susceptible cultivar) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for reaction to inoculation with 1500 M. incognita (Race 4) eggs per plant. Nine weeks after inoculation, the roots were washed and scored on a 0 to 5 scale for egg mass index (EI; 0 = no egg masses, 5 = > 100 egg masses) and for percent of the root system galled (PRSG; 0 = galls, 5 = 91 to 100% galled). Six crosses had EI scores lower than Regal, and nine crosses had PRSG scores lower than Regal. A cross of resistant parents, ND 2 × ND 3, had the lowest EI (2.3) and PRSG (1.1) scores. Both GCA and SCA were significant sources of variation for both EI and PRSG. The GCA effects were more important than SCA effects for both traits. No maternal or nonmaternal reciprocal effects were observed for EI and PRSG. Resistant parents ND 1 and ND 3 produced progeny with the least M. incognita reproduction and galling. No crosses were observed that performed significantly better than expected from the GCA effects of the parents, though two crosses performed worse than expected. Resistance to M. incognita. reproduction and root galling in these and other lines are being used to develop nematode resistant white clover.