Egyptian Sample Research Articles

A preliminary study of stress and infertility among Egyptian female sample in Benha city

Background To study infertility-related stress among women, as the experience of infertility can be extremely stressful and associated with a range of psychiatric problems in infertile women, to examine its relationship with their coping capability to stress and marital satisfaction, and to study some of the risk factors that may lead to psychiatric disorders. Objective In this study, we have analyzed the psychiatric problems of infertile women, their coping capability to stressful life events, and marital satisfaction among them. Patients and methods In a cross-sectional study, 30 infertile women (15 explained and 15 unexplained infertility) were randomly selected and advised to a clinical psychiatric assessment and to fill up Stressful Life Events Coping questionnaire and Marital Satisfaction Inventory. After obtaining their consents, psychiatric problems such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, panic, somatoform disorders, and personality profile were assessed. Moreover, their coping capability to stressful life events and marital satisfaction was studied. Results were analyzed and compared with the results from 10 fertile women. Results According to a clinical psychiatric assessment, Stressful Life Events Coping questionnaire, and Marital Satisfaction Inventory, major depression, anxiety disorders, comorbid anxiety and depression, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder were significantly more frequent in infertile women. Considering somatization and personality disorders, there was no significant difference between infertile and fertile women. Pathological coping capability to stress and marital dissatisfaction, on the contrary, was significantly higher among infertile women. Conclusion Infertility may be considered as one of the major casual factor in depression and anxiety disorders, has negative coping capability to stress, and shows marital dissatisfaction.

An examination of motives for tramadol and heroin use in an Egyptian sample

Tramadol misuse is a significant problem in Egypt, yet little is known about tramadol users. The aim of this study is to examine the motivations for use of tramadol or heroin among patients in substance use disorder treatment in order to understand their unique treatment profiles. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 100 treatment-seeking men who reported either tramadol or heroin as their primary substance. Patients were recruited in 2014–2015 from inpatient and outpatient addiction treatment units in a public and private hospital in Cairo. A clinical assessment examined their motives for initiation and continuation of use of either substance based using the following categories: Negative reinforcement (Pain Avoidance), Positive reinforcement (Pleasure Seeking), Incentive salience (Craving), Stimulus-response learning (Habits), Impaired inhibitory control (Impulsivity), and Quasi-medical. Bivariate comparisons of mean scores on motive items and aggregate categories were conducted for tramadol vs. heroin groups; multivariate regression analyses controlled for demographic covariates and treatment site. A majority of the sample endorsed multiple motives for initiation and continuation of use of their primary substance. Primary heroin users were more likely to initiate use due to pain avoidance, whereas primary tramadol users were more likely to initiate use for pleasure seeking (p = 0.002). Pain avoidance was the strongest motive category for continuation of use for both groups. Craving was a stronger motivation for initiation and continuation of use among heroin patients. Patients in treatment for primary use of tramadol or heroin display unique profiles of motivations for initiation and continuation of use, which should be considered within treatment interventions.

Comorbid Psychiatric Problems among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Egyptian Sample

The study aims to assess comorbid psychiatric problems among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Egyptian sample. A descriptive exploratory cross sectional design was utilized with a sample of 90 children diagnosed with Autism spectrum disorder who attended the children's outpatient clinic of psychiatry department at Mansoura University Hospital. Data was collected by using three tools. Results revealed that the majority of the studied sample had low and very low levels of socioeconomic status (53.4%), about two thirds (68.9%) of the studied sample have a moderate level of severity of autism symptoms, while (31.1%) of the studied patients have a high level of severity of autism symptoms. The most common comorbid psychiatric problems of studied sample were hyperactivity, learning problems, conduct problems, impulsive-hyperactive, anxiety and psychosomatic problems (19.07 ±3. 01), (9.91±1.01), (8.77 ±2.76), (8.32 ±1. 68), (6.16 ±1. 60) and (1.12±1.06) respectively. There is statistically significant correlation between severity of autism, and all comorbid psychiatric problems (except the anxiety) ( p ? 0.001). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate the importance of early recognition of symptoms of autism, comorbid psychiatric problems and active involvement in comprehensive health educational programs for caregivers of children with ASD are recommended.

Does favoring male gender hurt or benefit men? the linear and non-linear dynamics of the impact of favoring male gender by family and society on men’s mental health in two cultures

Research on the mental health impact of favoring male gender (FMG) on males is lacking. Further, research on the impact of FMG by parents, compared to FMG by social institutions does not exist. To fill these gaps, we recruited two samples of male college students (Egyptian: N = 204, age range 18–22, M = 19.28, SD = 1.08; Polish: N = 190, age range 18–29, M = 20.88, SD = 2.17). Measures administered included FMG by family and society, internalized male superiority (IMS), cumulative trauma (CT), self-esteem, authoritarianism, internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorder. Path analysis and curve estimation regression showed that FMG by parents was associated with increased IMS, increased self- esteem, increased externalizing, internalizing and psychoticism in both samples. FMG by society was associated with increased self-esteem and decreased internalizing behavior in the Egyptian sample, but was associated with increased internalizing, externalizing and psychotic behavior in the Polish sample. Curve estimation regression clarified the non-linear dynamics behind the differences between Polish and Egyptian youth in the effects of self-esteem and authoritarianism. Results suggest that favoring male gender is rather hurting males, and FMG by parents vs. FMG by society may be discrepant and have different trajectories.

Prediction of thymoquinone content in black seed oil using multivariate analysis: An efficient model for its quality assessment

Nigella sativa L. seeds are a rich source of diverse phytochemicals, well recognized for their medicinal properties. The seed oil (Black Seed Oil) is the more widely used therapeutic form and is readily adulterated. In this study, 30 commercial oil samples collected from different regions were assessed regarding their thymoquinone concentration using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. A discrepancy was shown in thymoquinone content ranging from 0.010 in one Saudi sample to 13.296 mg/g oil in one Egyptian sample. Ultra-violet spectroscopy was conducted on the methanolic extracts and multivariate analyses were applied to the collective data with Principal component Analysis (PCA) showing clear segregation of samples with high thymoquinone concentration positively clustered along PC1 (explaining 94% of the variance). This model allowed for the prediction of thymoquinone at correlation coefficients of 0.997 and 0.984 for the calibration and test set respectively verifying the robustness of the method. Lipid profiling of the oil samples was also conducted for quality verification. The model developed offers a simple, efficient and reliable method for the quality assessment of Black Seed Oil.

MicroRNA155 Expression in Relation to BDCAF Scored Behçet's Disease in an Egyptian Patients' Sample.

Objective:To discover the possibility of using microRNA155 (miRNA155) expression level as a biomarker of Behçet's Disease (BD) activity or remission.Methods:Thirty BD patients’ white blood cells (WBCs) miRNA155 expression was measured and compared to WBCs miRNA155 expression in 15 healthy subjects. Assessment of disease activity was done using Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF).Results:miRNA155 expression significantly decreases with the increase of BD activity scored by BDCAF.Conclusion:Increased miRNA155 may be used as a biomarker of BD remission and thus in the disease follow up. There could be a prospect of treating the disease via microRNA 155 effect enhancement.

Impact of PAI-1 4G/5G and C > G polymorphisms in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction and stable angina patients: A single center Egyptian study

BackgroundMany genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the genes regulating blood coagulation and fibrinolysis have been proposed as risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). PAI-1 is the chief inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator. PAI-1 has a crucial role in regulation of fibrinolysis. Aim of the studyIs to investigate the association between Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G, PAI-1C/G polymorphisms and CAD. In addition, studying the relation of these polymorphisms to the level of active PAI-1 in Egyptian patients presenting to a single tertiary center in Cairo. Subjects and methodsOne hundred and forty-four patients were included in this study: 42 STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction) patients, 63 stable angina patients, and 39 as a control group. Detection of PAI-1 4G/5G and C > G polymorphisms was done using allele specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) respectively. Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultsIn the studied CAD patients, PAI-14G/5G polymorphism showed 31.7%, and 68.3% for 5G/5G, and (4G/5G + 4G/4G) respectively; however for the control group, 5G/5G, and (4G/5G + 4G/4G) were detected in 21.6%, and 78.4% respectively (p value 0.59). The genotypic frequencies for PAI-1C/G in CAD patients accounted for 27% (CC), 73% (CG + GG); while in the control group these frequencies were 35.3%, and 64.7% respectively (p value 1.43). ConclusionNo significant association between PAI-1 4G/5G and C > G polymorphisms and the risk of coronary artery disease or the activity level of PAI-1 among the studied Egyptian population sample. However, STEMI patients showed significant presence of combined mutant allele of both genes more frequently.

Tooth Size Discrepancies between Normal Occlusion and Different Malocclusions in an Egyptian Sample using E1 3Shape Laser Scanner.

Tooth Size Discrepancies between Normal Occlusion and Different Malocclusions in an Egyptian Sample using E1 3Shape Laser Scanner.

Antineurodegenerative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities and phenolic components of Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) extracts of different origin

The aim of this study was to examine chemical composition, as well as antineurodegenerative, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) originating from Serbia, Greece, Egypt and Libya. Total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activities, and acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Determination of phenolic compounds in extracts was done using HPLC-DAD technique. Antibacterial activity included determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the microdilution method. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were recorded in the ethanolic extract of the Egyptian sample and in aqueous extract of Serbian sample. The HPLC analysis showed high content of rosmarinic acid, with the highest amount found in the ethanolic extract of the plants from Egypt. Water extracts showed prevalently better antioxidant and antineurodegenerative activity in applied tests than the ethanolic extracts. Gram-positive bacterial strains showed higher sensitivity to tested extracts. According to the obtained results, sweet marjoram samples from Serbia and Egypt can be marked as more promising, due to the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids and the best antioxidant, antibacterial and tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Root-crown ratio and root canal configuration of Egyptian primary molars sample using CBCT and Clearing Technique: An invitro study

Background: The study of dental morphological characteristics is essential in research as it can provide information about diversities within a population and can also aid in clinical practice.Aim: This work aimed to study the size and root canal morphology of primary molars in a sample of the Egyptian population.Materials and Methods: Eighty primary molars were randomly selected from extracted teeth in children seeking dental treatment. The following measurements were performed: the crown height, root length, root trunk length from the buccal aspect, R/C ratio and mesiodistal dimension of the crown at the contacts. Whereas, the root canal morphology was studied using cone beam computed tomography and clearing technique. Statistical analysis of the previous data was tabulated.Results: The mean mesiodistal crown width of deciduous mandibular first molar was 7.64mm, while that of the maxillary was 6.76mm respectively. It was found that the mean R/C ratio for the deciduous mandibular first molar was 1.45, while that of the maxillary was 1.58. As for the mean mesiodistal crown width of deciduous mandibular second molar was 9.71mm, while that of the maxillary the mean was 8.36mm respectively. Regarding R/C ratio, the mean R/C in the mandibular second molar was 1.79, while for the maxillary the mean was 1.74. The most common canal configuration for deciduous mandibular first molar is type IV in the mesial root and type I in the distal. Type II was the most relevant in the MB root of a deciduous maxillary first molar. Meanwhile, type I was the most common in the DB and type I in the palatal. Deciduous mandibular second molar showed type II and IV as the most common canal configurations in the mesial root and type IV in the distal. As for the maxillary deciduous second molar, type IV was the most common in the MB and DB roots and type I and IV in the palatal roots.Conclusions: Morphological characteristics of primary molars in a sample of Egyptian population were consistent with those of other studies performed in different communities using a similar methodology.

Sex Differences in Personality Dimensions in an Egyptian Sample

The aim of the present research was to examine sex differences in personality dimensions. A convenience sample of 1,917 Egyptians took part in the study (895 men, mean age = 23.93, SD = 4.32, and 1,022 women, mean age = 21.07, SD = 3.38). The sample consisted of different occupational groups and university students who answered the Arabic version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. This scale assesses four dimensions or subscales: psychoticism (P), extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), and lie (L). Their Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities ranged between .72 and .81, indicating acceptable to good internal consistency. Men obtained significantly higher mean scores on P and E, whereas women had significantly higher mean scores on N and L. All effect sizes were small. There is a need to move from Eysenck’s Giant Three to the Big Five model of personality to test sex differences.

Impact of Organizational Support on Nursing Job Stressors: A Comparative Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess stress level and organizational support in nurses working in Jordan and Egypt and to identify the relationship between perceived stress and organizational support among nurses in both countries. Methods: A descriptive comparative design utilizing selfadministered questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the distinctions in response to organizational support in Jordanian and Egyptian nurses. The data was collected from two educational affiliated hospitals. Findings: The results of this study indicated that that the both Jordanian and Egyptian nurse perceived very high level of stress and a relatively poor organizational support. Also, the results implied significant negative correlation between perceived stress and perceived organizational support r=-0.23, P<0.01 in Jordanian sample, r=-0.29, P<0.01 in the Egyptian sample. Conclusions: This study shows that the both Jordanian and Egyptian nurses are exposed to different stressors during their job. Unfortunately, with these stresses the nurses didn’t find enough organizational support from their organization. Study implications: Such study has a many implications for nurses in different settings. The application might include the education sectors of nursing, managers, organization and for sure the nurses in practice.

Applicability of CentroGraphic analysis in evaluation of morphologic characteristics of Egyptian adult sample

Applicability of CentroGraphic analysis in evaluation of morphologic characteristics of Egyptian adult sample

Sleep profile in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a polysomnographic evaluation in an Egyptian sample

Sleep profile in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a polysomnographic evaluation in an Egyptian sample

Hierarchical Structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition with an Egyptian Sample

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) is one of the most well-known tests in the field of adult intelligence assessment. This study explores the validity of the Egyptian adaptation for the subscales of the WAIS-IV. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the first-order, second-order, and bifactor models of both the five-factor Cattel–Horn–Carroll (CHC) and the four-factor structures fitted with the WAIS-IV. When the Arithmetic subscale was pathed to Perceptual Reasoning and Working Memory, the modified four first-order factor showed a better fit than any other model. Estimates of internal consistency revealed that Cronbach’s alpha was very high (.91) for the WAIS-IV scale and for four-factor structures (ranging from .81 to .95), while [Formula: see text] was low (0.61) for the WAIS-IV scale and for four-factor structures, ranging from 0.20 to 0.68. Overall, these findings provided adding evidence about the dimensionality of WAIS-IV with a new sample.

MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF STREPTOMYCES SP. NRC-88 NOVA SPECIES AS β-LACTAMASE INHIBITOR FOR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION

Objective: Clavulanic acid (CA) is a vital agent in the treatment of bacterial infections since it is a potent inhibitor of an extensive variety of β-lactamase enzymes. Its production from Streptomyces strains is fact of expanding clinical significance. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a promising Streptomyces (S) species strain which produced an effective β-lactamase inhibitor.Methods: Streptomyces sp. NRC-88 was isolated from an Egyptian soil sample. The phenotypic and phylogenetic examinations of 16S rRNA gene were investigated. The active metabolite of this strain (CA) was determined by particular synergistic bioassay, spectrophotometric assay, recognized by thin layer chromatography, and structure of the CA affirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results: A phylogenetic examination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the NRC-88 strain consistent with conventional taxonomy was carried out, and confirmed that the strain NRC-88 was most similar to S. aburaviensis S-66 (99%). The active metabolite of this strain (CA) was determined by different methods and confirmed the structure of the CA by the HPLC method. It produced up to 87 mg/l in a specific CA production medium.Conclusion: A new species of Streptomyces sp. NRC-88 isolated and recognized by phenotypic and genotypic proof. This strain suggested the name, Streptomyces sp. NRC-88 (accession number KM014489). It was able to produce CA as the β-lactamase inhibitor.

Forensic dissection of lip print as an investigative tool in a mixed Egyptian population

Background: Identification is a major problem facing forensic practitioners, DNA and finger prints are highly useful but sometimes aren't easily collected from the crime scene. Lip print could be useful in this field being unique to each individual. Aim: The current study aimed at detecting the frequency and gender relation of lip print pattern in an Egyptian sample. Methodology: Samples were collected on white copy paper, divided into four quadrants then examined with magnifying lens for pattern distribution. Results: The study showed that pattern IV was the most frequently represented pattern in the study sample, pattern I & II were more prevalent in males and females respectively. Prevalent pattern in Cairo and Lower Egypt was I while it was IV in Upper Egypt. Conclusion: The lip print pattern can differ due to gender and geographical origin in Egyptian subjects.

Suicidal Ideation in an Egyptian Sample of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Psychosis.

Suicide mortality is 12 times higher in psychotic patients compared to the general population. Identifying characteristic of suicidal patients among this group might help in preventing such behavior. To assess the predictors of suicidal risk in patients hospitalized due to acute psychosis. One hundred and fifty patients (age 18 - 60 years) admitted with acute psychotic features were recruited. Patients were evaluated clinically by The Arabic version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI). Forty four out of 150 patients (29.33%) reported having current and/or previous history of suicidal ideation. Patients with major depression showed the highest suicidal tendencies followed by delusional disorder then bipolar disorder, psychosis related to substance abuse and schizophrenia. The more severe the psychotic symptoms, the more suicidal tendencies shown by patients. Predictors for suicidal ideations included diagnostic category, severity of psychotic features, unemployement and younger age CONCLUSION: Patients with psychosis that require admission to the hospital carry a high risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. Factors like unemployment, young age and psychiatric diagnosis and severity of psychosis could be predicting factors.

Determination of Sex and Stature from Latent Palm Prints Present on Documents in Egyptian Population Sample

Determination of Sex and Stature from Latent Palm Prints Present on Documents in Egyptian Population Sample

Improvement the production of cytotoxic metabolites by Streptomyces griseus KJ623766

The cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) obtained from Streptomyces (S.) grisues (accession codeKJ623766) fermentation, locally isolated Streptomyces strains from Egyptian soil sample, showed potent cytotoxic activity against Caco2 cell line. Fermentation was carried out in a 14 L laboratory fermenter, under optimum conditions of 28 °C, 200 rpm, 5 standard liters per minute (SLPM) aeration, 2 bar airflow pressure and uncontrolled pH. After 72 h of incubation, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) was collected and extracted using ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) at pH 7.0. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay, the ethyl acetate extract showed potential cytotoxic activity against Caco2 with CD50of 14 µg/mL. This showed an increase in cytotoxic activity by about 1.6 folds when compared to results obtained from shake flask (CD5022 µg/mL). Production improvement of cytotoxic activity was carried out also by genetic manipulation using a dose of 4 KiloGray (KGy) of gamma radiation. Fifteen out of forty-seven mutants showed higher potential cytotoxic activities when compared to that of the wild-type strain of S.griseus KJ623766. Mutants G31, G44, and G45 showed the most potent cytotoxic activities where they exhibited about 7 folds increase in potential cytotoxic activity with CD50 of 3.2 ±0.2, 2.9 ±0.1 and 3.25 ±0.43 µg/mL, respectively.