Egyptian Policy Research Articles

Is the Augmented Taylor Rule best describe the conduct of monetary policy in Egypt from 2006 to 2020

Is the Augmented Taylor Rule best describe the conduct of monetary policy in Egypt from 2006 to 2020

Egyptian Ecosystem's Impacts on Climate Change: A Case Study of Some Agricultural Indicators

Objective: the current study aims to empirically examine the dynamic impacts of ecosystem, with a particular focus on some agricultural indicators such as agricultural value added, crop production index, and livestock production index on CO2 emissions using annual time series data from 1990 to 2021. In order to enhance agricultural practices and develop successful sustainable agriculture policies in Egypt's agriculture sector. Method: A literature review involving numerous studies has revealed that agriculture is a significant contributor to the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, hence exacerbating the phenomenon of global warming. These studies utilized many methodologies, including ARDL, DOLS, FMOLS, CCR, and Johansen, to accomplish their objectives. These methodologies were applied to annual data from multiple countries. Therefore, this study used Johansen's cointegration test to fulfill their objectives. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that a 1% rise in agriculture value added and crop production index is found to be associated with a long-run decrease in carbon dioxide emissions of around 0.48% and 0.78%, respectively. A bidirectional causal relationship existed between carbon dioxide emissions and livestock production. Additionally, livestock production has a causal effect on crop production and conversely, crop production influences livestock production. Research Implications: Enhancing agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability can be achieved by adopting climate-smart practices in the agriculture sector, at both local and global levels. Originality/Value: This research study makes a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature by examining the significant and causal connections between environmental degradation and agriculture in the long term. This research demonstrates its significance and worth through its potential to aid policymakers in Egypt and other developing countries in formulating and executing efficient policies designed to address environmental degradation.

Access Denied: A qualitative Study on transgender health policy in Egypt

For this paper, I conducted an interdisciplinary qualitative study to investigate transgender experiences accessing gender-affirming healthcare (GAH) in Egypt. I outline how the current health policy on GAH was developed and its negative impact, celebrating the resilience of transgender people in navigating the hostile anti-transgender environment, and conclude by offering some health policy recommendations to improve the GAH situation. Since 2003, Egypt has introduced an Islamic Sharia-influenced policy that banned accessing GAH for transgender people, placing professional and legal liability on healthcare providers. The policy created an anti-transgender medical environment, forcing transgender people to rely on Do-It-Yourself GAH or underground, risky, ill-equipped, and overpriced medical facilities. Other non-medical factors also impacted transgender people's ability to access GAH: social stigma, family rejection, state persecution, and economic insecurity. Despite this multilayered anti-transgender environment, transgender people proved to be innovative and resilient, creating ways to overcome these challenges and continue to exist. Transgender people created communal spaces online to guide each other in navigating the challenges of accessing GAH and used various means to challenge bans on GAH.Egypt, Gender-Affirming Health Care, Islam, Policy, DIY, Transgender, Law.

Subtitling against the current: Egyptians’ perceptions of English sitcoms subtitled in Standard Arabic and Egyptian Colloquial Arabic

This study examined Egyptians’ attitudes towards subtitling English sitcoms in Standard Arabic (SA) and Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA), using a scene from the American sitcom Friends as a case study. It aimed to investigate the changing perceptions of subtitling in dialect, identify the driving forces, and assess the leading agents behind this change. The study utilized quantitative data from two online questionnaires completed by 261 participants classified by gender, age, and educational level, and qualitative data derived from their comments. The questionnaires were designed to evaluate participant preferences and specific aspects such as humor, readability and closeness to Egyptian culture. The results show that the ECA subtitle is rated as more humorous and closer to Egyptian culture, although perceived as less readable compared to the SA subtitle. They also reveal that younger participants, particularly females, show a greater preference for the ECA subtitle. Males across all educational levels tend to prefer the SA subtitle, while females with lower educational levels exhibit the highest preference for the ECA subtitle. The study highlights the increasing significance of colloquial dialects in shaping cultural representations as well as the influence of factors such as age, gender, and education on subtitling preferences. Furthermore, the study considers the implications of these results for subtitling practices and policies in Egypt and similar diglossic environments.

Potential impacts of climate change on renewable energy in Egypt

The need for renewable energy sources is recently necessitated by attaining sustainability and climate change mitigation. Accordingly, the use of renewable energy sources has been growing rapidly during the last two decades. Yet, the potentials of renewable energy sources are generally influenced by several climatic factors that either determine the source of energy such as wind speed in the case of wind power or affect the performance of system such as the reduction in solar PV power production due to temperature increase. This highlights the need for assessing climate change impacts on renewable energy sources in the future to ensure their reliability and sustainability.This paper is intended to assess impacts of climate change on wind and solar potential energy in Egypt by the year 2065 under RCP 8.5 scenario. For this purpose, a GIS-based methodology of three main steps was applied. The results revealed that solar energy potential in Egypt is expected to be relatively less vulnerable to climate change compared to wind energy. In this respect, it was found that while wind energy potential was estimated to range ± 12%. By the year 2065 under RCP 8.5 scenario, PV module power is expected to decrease by about 1.3% on average. Such assessment can assist in developing more sustainable and flexible renewable energy policy in Egypt.

Comparative analysis of eco port policies in Egypt and Indonesia

Activities at the port can cause damage to the environment. The impact can occur on air quality, water, and noise, to produce waste. Environmental damage at the port needs to be handled by managing the port in an environmentally sound manner that prioritizes environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable principles. The concept of ecologically friendly ports has been implemented in Egypt at Damietta Port and in Indonesia at the Nizam Zachman Ocean Fishing Port. This study analyzes the comparison of two ports in the two countries based on the implementation of eco-port policies and determines the positive and negative sides of the policy. Literature and comparative studies on the performance of eco ports were carried out for this research by analyzing the relevant theoretical basis from scientific journals, websites, and reports from related institutions. Based on the literature review analysis, Damietta Port in Egypt and the Ocean Fishery Port of Nizam Zachman Indonesia have implemented the eco port concept in managing their seaports. However, several positive and negative impacts must be addressed from implementing this policy based on environmental policy regulations, technical benefits, economic benefits, and humans.

Examining Monetary Policy Cyclicality in Egypt during Crisis Time: Global Financial Crisis versus COVID-19 Pandemic

Egypt has been exposed to two recent shocks: the global financial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020. Though the origin and the implications of the two shocks are quite different, they bear some similarities in terms of the sharp decline in global economic growth and negative implication on the Egyptian economy. The present study attempts to assess the cyclicality of monetary policy in Egypt during the two crises. To this end, both descriptive and econometric techniques are employed in this study to reveal the cyclicality of monetary policy. On the descriptive side, the correlation between the cyclical component of policy rate and that of real GDP is calculated. Moreover, both an ARDL and NARDL approach are estimated to derive the augmented Taylor rule for the cyclical component of policy rate. Two dummy variables reflecting the two crises along with their interaction with output gap are incorporated in the model to disentangle the impact of the two crises upon monetary policy cyclicality. The study concludes that monetary policy in Egypt is more acyclical and that its response to changes in output gap is statistically insignificant, during both normal times and crisis time.

An Analysis of Food Security with New Agricultural Policies in Egypt

An Analysis of Food Security with New Agricultural Policies in Egypt

Which civil society? State-run media and shaping the politics of NGOs in post-uprising Egypt

ABSTRACT This article explores the role of traditional, state-run media as tools for both, promoting policy, and providing feedback about non-governmental organizations (NGOs)-related policies in Egypt. It also gives insights into how media might contribute to shaping policy on NGOs in countries with similar systems of media governance. The study tests the social construction and policy design theory's “target population proposition” by conducting a thematic analysis of news articles on NGO Law 70 of 2017. It adds a new media studies perspective to Schneider and Ingram’s theory by exploring the framing effects of the media as mediators between governmental policy and target groups of that same policy. The findings confirm Schneider and Ingram’s theory in post-uprising Egypt. It delineates that state-run media variously frame policy rationales of Law 70 of 2017. Dichotomous framing was found to support the significant burdens imposed on, and the sub-rosa benefits granted to, NGOs by the new policy. Media frames also varied according to NGOs’ social construction and power level. This distinction in policy rationales draws the line between developmental NGOs and advocacy organizations whose agenda is perceived as a source of threat to the sovereignty, political independence, and national interests of the state.

Examining the Most Important Factors Affecting the Egyptian Family’s Choice of the Ideal Number of Children in the Light of the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey

Examining the Most Important Factors Affecting the Egyptian Family’s Choice of the Ideal Number of Children in the Light of the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey

Visualizing the Egyptian 1919 Revolution: Unveiling Some Hidden Aspects of the British Policy in Egypt through Photo Analysis

Visualizing the Egyptian 1919 Revolution: Unveiling Some Hidden Aspects of the British Policy in Egypt through Photo Analysis

Sustained Growth and Anti-Corruption Policies in Egypt

Sustained Growth and Anti-Corruption Policies in Egypt

Gender Trouble in the Land of the Nile: Transgender Identities, the Judiciary and Islam in Egypt

Abstract The paper provides a socio-political context analysis to outline Al-Azhar’s discourse on transgender identities and its influence on law and policy in Egypt. Transgender identities in Egypt represent an issue governed by Islamic Sharia more than anything else. Scholars at Al-Azhar, Egypt’s highest Islamic authority, viewed transgender identities as a danger to the fabric of society if not regulated. Thus, in the 1980s, several Fatwas were issued to examine the compatibility of transgender identities with Sharia. These Fatwas were mostly concerned with the criteria that should exist to allow people to undergo surgical and hormonal interventions to change their sex. Initially, judicial opinions reviewed the issue of transgender identities independently of those Fatwas. However, since late 2000s, judicial opinions shifted to be more aligned with Sharia on the matter. Apart from judicial opinions, the Fatwas that emerged from the 1980s have also managed to influence the official health policy on transgender identities. To understand Al-Azhar’s discourse on transgender identities, the author provides an analysis of three Fatwas issued by three different jurists in the 1980s and 1990s; examines the influence of that discourse on the current health policy providing medical care for transgender people; and provides a socio-political context analysis of judicial opinions in the 1980s and present-day to outline the reasons behind the judicial shift in attitude towards transgender identities.

Green Economy Policy in Egypt: an Advocacy Coalition Perspective

Green Economy Policy in Egypt: an Advocacy Coalition Perspective

The Interaction of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Egypt and their Response to External Shocks

The Interaction of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Egypt and their Response to External Shocks

Sustainable Planning in Egypt between two different Approaches

Egypt has an extensive uninhabited area on the eastern and the westerndesert. The populated areas are about 8% of the whole area of Egypt. The studyfocuses on developing economic, social, touristic, and industrial growth throughenhancing planning, urban development, and government's policies. Across the lastfifty years there was an awkward planning policies and urban development plansfor new cities in Egypt. Still, a more professional posture is required to enhance theplanning policies of the unbuilt environment. Egypt across the last fifty years usedtwo different planning approaches in its way for solving the problem of populationgrowth and the concentration of the population around the Nile valley.This paper aims to explore Egypt's policy of planning the new cities andhow Egypt can develop new regulations and policies to enhance and utilize thepotential of unused land in Egypt. This is in addition to identifying the mostappropriate planning approach that is compatible with Egypt's conditions. In orderfor this paper to reach its objectives, it will conduct a comparative analysis betweenthe two urban planning approaches pursued by the state to identify the advantagesand disadvantages of each, and to recommend the most efficient and sustainableapproach.

Performance Indicators of Agricultural Investment Policies in Egypt

Performance Indicators of Agricultural Investment Policies in Egypt

Review of he Architecture of Imperialism: Military Bases and the Evolution of Foreign Policy in Egypt’s New Kingdom; and Ancient Egyptian Imperialism


 
 
 Ellen Morris, The Architecture of Imperialism: Military Bases and the Evolution of Foreign Policy in Egypt’s New Kingdom. Leiden: Brill, 2005. Probleme der Ägyptologie 22. ISBN 90-04-1406-0. Pp ix + 891, 63 black and white illustrations. $451.00.
 Ellen Morris, Ancient Egyptian Imperialism. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2018. ISBN 9781405136785. Pp xi + 320, numerous black and white illustrations. $99.95; Pbk $39.95.
 
 

Effect of the exchange rate change on the purchasing power of the consumer of agri –food by using (ARDL) model

In this paper, we studied of the impact of the exchange rate change on the (CPI) of Agri-food during the period (January 2019 - December 2021), to determine the extent of the exchange rate used as a tool for economic policy in Egypt, and to identify the extent to which the actual reality matches the economic theory that emphasizes that the high price of The exchange leads to a decrease in the purchasing power of money and then to the consumer. Statistical tests have been conducted to ensure the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the changes that occur in the exchange rate on the (CPI) of Agri-food , using the Autoregressive Distributed lagged (ARDL) methodology, where it was found an inverse relationship Between the exchange rate and the (CPI) of Agri-food , a relationship that is consistent with the economic logic , there was an equilibrium relationship in the long run between the exchange rate and the purchasing power of the consumer of Agri-food represented in the (CPI) of Agri-food, as its estimated morale has been proven.

The Egyptian Issue and the Sectarian Conflict in Syria and Mount Lebanon (1839-1861 AD)

This study aims to shed light on two important topics in Arab and Ottoman history. The first one is the Egyptian issue, which refers to the conflict that took place between the governor of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, and the Ottoman Empire over the rule of the province of Syria, and this conflict lasted for a decade (1831-1841 AD). The study focuses in particular on the end of the Egyptian rule in the province of Syria, and the policy of the Ottoman Empire to expel the Egyptians from the Syrian lands during the reign of Sultan Abdul Majid I (1839-1861 AD). On this topic, the study attempts to address the following questions: 1 -What were the reasons that led Muhammad Ali Pasha, the governor of the Ottoman Empire, to separate from the Empire؟ 2 -What is the stance of the European countries towards the Egyptian issue؟ 3 -What are the most important results achieved by the Treaty of London (1840 AD)؟ 4 -How did the Egyptians evacuate the province of Syria؟ Second, the sectarian conflict in Syria and Mount Lebanon began after the Egyptians left the province of Syria and Mount Lebanon (1841 AD). One of the most important drivers of this conflict was the Egyptian politics during the Egyptians’rule over the state of Syria. This research discusses the reasons that led to the sectarian conflict between the "Druze and Maronites", and it expolores the Ottoman state's stance towards the revolutions that broke out from Mount Lebanon in (1842 AD) and extended to the mandate of Syria, and until the implementation of the Basic Law on Mount Lebanon in (1861 AD). On this topic, the study attempts to answer the following questions: 1 -What are the causes of the conflicts between the Maronite and Druze sects, and does it have any relation to the Egyptian policy? 2 -What is the position of the European countries and the Ottoman Empire regarding the sectarian conflict in Mount Lebanon? 3 -Did the "Qaymaqam" system for managing mixed areas in Lebanon (1842 AD) find a solution to the problem of sectarian conflict in Mount Lebanon? This research was based on a group of unpublished and published documents, some Arab and Arabized sources and previous studies related to the two research topics in question. Keywords: the Ottoman state - the state of Syria - Muhammad Ali Pasha - the revolutions of Mount Lebanon - the sectarian conflict