Egyptian Petroleum Research Articles

Microbiological and chemical corrosion study of Egyptian petroleum samples: microbial community and corrosion activity

Microbiological and chemical corrosion study of Egyptian petroleum samples: microbial community and corrosion activity

Proposed Of Cybersecurity Framework for Reducing The Security Risks on The Egyptian Petroleum Sector

Proposed Of Cybersecurity Framework for Reducing The Security Risks on The Egyptian Petroleum Sector

Preface

The 2023 International Conference on Chemical, Energy Science and Environmental Engineering (CESEE 2023) was held in Sanya, China during April 14-16, 2023. Considering travel restrictions, the conference was held in a hybrid format, including both on-site and cloud meetings. This was the first CESEE conference, intended to be repeated annually.This conference aimed to provide an attractive platform for academics, scientists, researchers, experts, entrepreneurs, and students to express and discuss their interests in chemical, energy and environmental engineering. The participants were from almost every part of the world, with various background such as academia, industry, and well-known entrepreneurs. More than 30 participants attended the conference online and offline, including China, Canada, Belgium, Argentina, Malaysia, Turkey, Uzbekistan and more. There were four renowned speakers who illustrated their latest research, to include Prof. Marc Rosen from Ontario Tech University, Canada; Prof. Jan Baeyens from the Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China and KU Leuven, Belgium; Prof. Nour Shafik El-Gendy from the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Egypt; and Prof. Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah from University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. The conference also had 2 technical sessions and 1 poster session. CESEE 2023 became an effective communication platform for all the participants who took the opportunity to share their research results and discuss potential scientific and engineering developments from their work. This contributed to the success of the conference.The conference proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. All papers in the proceedings have passed the vigorous review process involving reviewers by the international technical committee. The variety of research topics presented in the conference and novelty exhibited in the papers published in the proceedings demonstrated the impact of CESEE 2023.List of Committees are available in this pdf.

Impact of technology management in improving sustainability performance for Egyptian petroleum refineries and petrochemical companies

PurposePetroleum companies have various goals in light of high energy prices, uncertainty and potential fluctuations in demand in the current digital age, including making a profit while maintaining long-term sustainability and lowering their environmental impacts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of technology management (TM) and its practices through process and maintenance technologies on sustainability performance (SP) for petroleum refineries and petrochemical companies in terms of economic, environmental and social sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA new proposed framework has been developed for a clearer understanding in relation to these aspects. The study was conducted among Egyptian refineries and petrochemical companies. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 65 petroleum experts and professionals, which was then summarized using statistical analysis, hypothesis testing and regression analysis.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that TM has a significant and direct impact on SP. Furthermore, the study shows that process technology (PT) has a positive influence on the three aspects of SP. Although maintenance technology has a positive impact on economic and environmental sustainability, it shows no direct effect on social sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThe degree to which TM and sustainability principles are implemented across petroleum companies in various countries varies significantly because of managerial and cultural dimensions. Therefore, when conducting the research, it is important to consider the study’s geographical area to comprehend how these practices are impacted by the distinctive managerial and cultural settings of each country. Also, respondents in developing countries do not participate in such surveys with much enthusiasm.Practical implicationsThe study shows that implementing TM practices generates more economic stability and ensures environmental and social sustainability. The research studied how PT and maintenance practices affected each aspect of sustainability. These findings can apply to all downstream oil companies, regardless of their size or type of operations. Further research can be conducted to examine the relationship between variables in other industries.Social implicationsDecision-makers and managers may use the study's findings to improve their companies' performance and develop new plans and policies. The results demonstrate that companies will have a greater chance of achieving sustainable performance if they incorporate process and maintenance technologies into their activities. Besides economic and environmental sustainability, petroleum companies must strive for social sustainability.Originality/valueThe study is regarded as a significant contribution to the management of petroleum refineries and petrochemical companies, as it combined TM practices with SP in a single research framework. Industry executives and researchers can use this research as a guide that can be applied to all petroleum companies in the same country.

Examining factors affecting Employee's Job Satisfaction under the practices of Human Resources Management and Total Quality Management. Case study of Egyptian Petroleum Company

Examining factors affecting Employee's Job Satisfaction under the practices of Human Resources Management and Total Quality Management. Case study of Egyptian Petroleum Company

Modeling and assessment of accidental subsea gas leakage using a coupled computational fluid dynamics and machine learning approaches

All over the world, the oil and gas industries are the most important source of energy. The likelihood of subsea gas and oil leakage is increasing, which can cause threats and harmful impacts on the marine environment and potentially catastrophic events such as fires, explosives, and the loss of structural integrity of subsea infrastructure. Also, Physical models have usually been used to predict sea currents, but they are unstable to disturbances and hence incorrect over long periods of time. Machine learning approaches are more resistant than the physical models that have usually been used to predict sea currents. Also, Physical models have usually been used to predict sea currents. Nonetheless, they are not stable to disturbances and thus are not correct for long periods of time. Machine learning approaches are more resistant than the physical models that have usually been used to predict sea currents. Machine learning approaches are more resistant to change and perturbation. Therefore, the goal of this research is to assess the potential of hazards of the gas plume from subsea pipeline rupture till reaching the sea surface by changing the influence parameters on gas plume to assist petroleum companies in developing risk assessment strategies by assessing and simulating subsea gas release in order to contain the leakage by developing coupling models one for machine learning code which can predict the upcoming water current speed by using Multiple Linear Regression algorithm and hooked it by UDF to a second model which implements Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to study subsea gas release under current effects. Engebretsen’s Rotvoll experiment data is being used to validate the numerical computational fluid dynamics model. The rising time and fountain height and horizontal migration for gas release are the essential factors to be considered while evaluating the gas dispersion through our study by changing the influencing parameters such as leakage hole sizes, water current speeds, gas velocity, and water depths in the presence of water current in all cases. Also, applied our simulation to real case parameters for one of the Egyptian Petroleum Companies. These findings might aid in evaluating the hazards and response planning in the event of subsea gas leakage.

Determinants of Disaster Risk Reduction procedures implementation: A Case of Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation.

Purpose – The purpose of the study was to establish the determinants of disaster risk reduction procedures implementation in Egyptian general petroleum corporation. The major obstacle, however, has been inadequate regulatory compliance. The study’s objectives were to find out the effect of strategic planning, the role of staff competence, and the effect of top management support on the implementation of DRR procedures. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a conceptual framework that involves both independent and dependent variables. Independent variables for this study are strategic planning, staff competence, top management support, while the dependent variable is the implementation of DRR procedures. The study used a descriptive survey design and sampled 43 participants. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed according to the research objectives. Findings – The study found out that both staff competence and support from top management were a significant prediction of implementation of DRR procedures and strategic planning was not a significant predictor of implementation of DRR procedures. The study recommends that management of EGPC to accord staff maximum support to enhance DRR procedures implementation and recommends that top management should decentralization of the decision-making process for DRR; they also should provide incentives to those preparing strategic plans for DRR. Giving incentives and involving workers in important decisions would go a long way in motivating them and thereby enhance the implementation of DDR procedures. Originality/value – The study represents one of the first attempts in the literature to establish the determinants of disaster risk reduction procedures implementation in the Egyptian petroleum sector.

The socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on the petroleum sector in Egypt: a descriptive analysis

PurposeThis study explored the impact of COVID-19 on the petroleum sector in Egypt, both economically and socially. Of all sectors of the economy, the oil industry has been one of the most negatively impacted by the pandemic, with oil prices plummeting at the start of the pandemic. Use to decrease demand. This paper aimed to analyse the main economic and social effects of the pandemic on the Egypt oil industry through an examination of the macroeconomic data reflected in the Egyptian balance of payments, the country's general budget and the oil industry's performance data. The study also conducted a survey of a set of workers from the Egyptian petroleum sector. The study thus concluded two levels of analysis; a macrolevel and a micro level analysis of the effect of COVID-19 on the Egyptian oil industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds upon the experience gained from evaluating market change caused by COVID-19 (Agosta et al., 2020), to analyse the socioeconomic implications of COVID-19 on the Egyptian oil industry. This study employed a survey analysis of questionnaires filled by on a sample of workers in the petroleum sector in Egypt. Data were analysed using the SPSS software, version 18.0. Descriptive analysis was reported as frequencies and percentages. The macroeconomic impact analysis was done by analysing macro-economic data pertaining the oil industry's levels of production as well as the data pertaining to Egypt's external balance of payment and public finance.FindingsThe paper concludes that although the COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted the socioeconomics of oil sector workers, reducing their incomes and costing them jobs, these effects appeared to be short term effects that could be minimised with the end of the pandemic and be mitigated through the adequate social and economic policies. No permanent socioeconomic losses were thus deemed to be a serious concern with respect to these workers. The study also concluded that, macroeconomically, lower global oil prices has had a net positive effect on the Egyptian economy as the causing an expected shrinkage of the overall trade deficit. It also has reduced the national budget deficit and has helped mobilise money into the economy, financing both investments and social expenses.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey was very hard to reach, where lot of workers in the petroleum sector (governmental) refused to answer the questions.Practical implicationsSome African countries may not have all the necessary most recent data of economic indicators needed to ascertain with certainty the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. And, at the event that data are completely available, analysts must consider that any worsening of the economy may not stem directly from the pandemic itself. Causality has to be clearly established. The survey therefore focused on the attitudes and perceptions of oil sector workers, irrespective of whether a given indicator had been affected by the pandemic or is seen likely to be affected by it in the future. All those responding have reported the belief that economic indicators, such as GDP growth, inflation and trade had been impacted negatively by the spread of COVID-19. They also believed the effects of the pandemic on transport to have had direct effects on the oil industry.Social implicationsThe social impact of the pandemic was less apparent, particularly among governmental sector workers compared with those in the private sector. However, freelancers have reported some issues that may be become more apparent through aggregated data.Originality/valueThis study has presented some preliminary estimates of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on petroleum sector in Egypt. The goal was not to be definitive about the virus outbreak, but rather to provide information about a range of possible economic costs of the disease. While, a detailed quantification of the socioeconomic impact of the coronavirus pandemic may not be feasible, it is still useful to identify possible transmission channels through which the pandemic may affect the Egypt economy and society. It is also useful to identify key issues that are likely shape short- and medium-term socioeconomic prospects in Egypt as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Egypt.

A Survey on Enterprise Resources Planning System for Enhancing Decision Making in the Egyptian Petroleum Sector

A Survey on Enterprise Resources Planning System for Enhancing Decision Making in the Egyptian Petroleum Sector

E&P Notes (August 2020)

E&P Notes (August 2020)

Petroleum Concessions in Egypt: A Recipe for Disputes?

The Egyptian petroleum sector has recently prospered given the new discoveries and the extensive foreign direct investments injected into the country’s vast mineral resources.This article addresses petroleum concessions governing upstream exploration and exploitation activities. Egypt continues to adopt the production sharing system as the basic contractual model for petroleum exploration and exploitation activities. However, production sharing agreements take the form of legal concessions that regulate the rights and obligations of international oil companies (IOCs), the State and the major State-owned players in the upstream sector, including the Ministry of Petroleum, the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGCP), the Egyptian Natural Gas Company (EGAS) and the South Valley Egyptian Petroleum Holding Company (GANOPE).These concession agreements are capital intensive instruments involving complex regulation of the parties’ rights and obligations and are normally entered into on the basis of a model template, the most recent of which is that of 2018.This article discusses certain categories of disputes arising in the Egyptian concession agreements practice. The article starts with an overview of the upstream petroleum sector in Egypt and then addresses certain important provisions of the Egyptian model concession agreement, before scrutinizing certain categories of disputes. The article concludes with remarks on the prevailing status quo and the intricacies of Egyptian concession agreements.

Multiple Applications of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant: Anti-Microbial, Anti-Biofilm, Biocide, Salinity Corrosion Inhibitor, and Biofilm Dispersion (Part II).

The Egyptian petroleum industries are incurring severe problems with corrosion, particularly corrosion that is induced by sulfidogenic microbial activities in harsh salinity environments despite extensively using biocides and metal corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, in this study, a synthesized cationic gemini surfactant (SCGS) was tested as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, anti-candida, anti-fungal, anti-biofilm (anti-adhesive), and bio-dispersion agent. The SCGS was evaluated as a biocide against environmental sulfidogenic-bacteria and as a corrosion inhibitor for a high salinity cultivated medium. The SCGS displayed wide spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal/fungicidal inhibitory concentrations. The SCGS demonstrated anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, and bio-dispersion activity. The SCGS exhibited bactericidal activity against environmental sulfidogenic bacteria and the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 93.8% at 5 mM. Additionally, the SCGS demonstrated bio-dispersion activity against the environmental sulfidogenic bacteria at 5.49% salinity. In conclusion, this study provides a novel synthesized cationic surfactant with many applications in the oil and gas industry: as broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents, corrosion inhibition for high salinity, biocides for environmentally sulfidogenic bacteria, and as bio-dispersion agents.

Pretreatment for seawater desalination plants by calcite ooids filter

The calcium carbonate is the main constituent of calcite ooids which are important and often dominant components of marine sediments. In this study, the calcite ooids were fabricated inside a semi-pilot seawater-softening unit assembled in the Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) with an effective particle sizes varying from less than 0.5 up to 3.0 mm. The created calcite ooids were used as new filtration media in pretreatment stage of a seawater desalination plant. A feed water quality improvement was achieved at various temperatures (20–40 °C) and at various speeds (20–60 l/min). Typical operating qualifications of calcite ooids filter in seawater desalination plant are speed of 20 l/min and temperature of 40 °C in the presence of poly-aluminum chloride coagulant, PAC (1.6 mg Al/l). The filtrate produced from ooids filter had a better silt density index (SDI) of 2.85, higher removal of turbidity (89.4%), higher total organic carbons reduction (66.1%) and TOC reduction exceeds to 95.7% after granular activated carbon filter. Therefore, the service and backwash flow rates and bed expansion percentage are the essential operating parameters which were studied.

E&P Notes (December 2019)

E&P Notes (December 2019)

Improvement Wilson equation (K-Values) of gas-liquid equilibrium for Advancing Estimating Bubble Point Pressure

Knowing the bubble point pressure of the oil reservoirs is a key factor for the petroleum engineers in order to optimize the development of the oil field starting from the discovery phase till the abandonment. Thus any considerable error in estimating the bubble point pressure will lead to errors in the production and reservoirs engineering calculations. More than six hundred Egyptian oil samples of PVT analysis were used to improve the Wilson equation (K-Values) for estimating bubble point pressure. None of the published bubble point pressure correlations is particularly accurate when applied to Egyptian crude oils. Experimental work was conducted in PVT- Services Center of Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI). In this work, the K-values correlation proposed by Wilson equation was modified by adding new terms such as API, GOR, and heptanes plus-fraction (C7+) of compositional analysis of the reservoir fluid. Multiple non-linear regression analysis is used to calculate the new equation constant after adding the new terms. The statistical error analysis shows that the Correlation coefficient , the average percent relative error , the standard deviation and the average absolute percent relative error of the modifying are 99.75 %, 1.77%, 8.08%, and 6.84 %, respectively. This correlation of K-factor can be applied not only to low and moderate pressure but also to higher pressures up to (4500 psi) by this modification. Evaluation among the bubble point pressure calculated from the modified Wilson equation and the literature published ones were done. Results confirm that the modified Wilson equation is more accurate one and it can be used for estimating the reservoir fluids characteristics in the absence of data measurement.

Workshop explores Red Sea region

When you select the right subject to be discussed by the right experts in the right place, you will get fantastic results. That is what the SEG Middle East Advisory Committee has done by forming an outstanding Technical Committee chaired by Maurice Nessim, president of WesternGeco, and Mohamed Abdel Azim, chairman of the South Valley Egyptian Petroleum Holding Company (GANOPE).

Optimization of petroleum crude oil treatment using hydrogen sulfide scavenger

Hydrogen sulfide scavenging is one of the preferred methods for minimizing the operational risks and corrosion in crude oil production facilities. This paper deals with the determination of the optimum values of retention times of scavenging hydrogen sulfide from the crude oil produced at different conditions in one of the Egyptian petroleum companies using EPRI H2S scavenger solution (one of the chemical products of Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute). The retention time depends on several operating condition variables such as injection dose rate, pipe length, pipe diameter, crude oil velocity, pressure and inlet H2S concentration. The hydrogen sulfide scavenger injected into the crude oil pipeline must be contacted with the crude oil for a suitable a specified time (retention time) to reduce the concentration of H2S to the desired value which is usually less than 10 ppmv. The optimization results were obtained using the software program LINGO. It was found that the optimum values of H2S scavenger retention time of the scavenging of hydrogen sulfide are increased by increasing the pipe diameter and the inlet H2S concentration, while decreased by increasing the pipe length, gas molar mass velocity, injection dose rate, crude oil velocity and pressure.

اثر استراتیجیة قیادة التکلفة التنافسیة على الوصول الى مرتبة التمیز التنافسی

الملخص: يهدف هذا البحث إلى قياس أثر استراتيجية قيادة التکلفة على الوصول إلى مرتبة التميز التنافسي ومن أجل ذلک قام الباحث بعمل قائمة استقصاء لقياس آراء واتجاهات أفراد الإدارة العليا لشرکات تصنيع البترول المصرية والتى اتضح من تحليلها وجود أثر فعلي لهذه الاستراتيجية على الوصول لمرتبة التميز وبالتالى قام الباحث بوضع إطار منهجي لتطبيق هذه الاستراتيجية داخل الشرکات محل الدراسة للوصول الى مرتبة التميز الادارى . Abstract: The aim of this study is to measure the impact of the cost leadership strategy on achieving competitive excellence. For this purpose, the researcher created a survey list to measure the opinions and attitudes of the senior management personnel of the Egyptian petroleum companies. The analysis revealed that there is a real effect on this strategy. A systematic framework for the implementation of this strategy within the companies in question.

اثر استراتیجیة الترکیز التنافسیة على الوصول الى مرتبة التمیز التنافسی

الملخص: يهدف هذا البحث إلى قياس أثر استراتيجية الترکيز على الوصول إلى مرتبة التميز التنافسي ومن أجل ذلک قام الباحث بعمل قائمة استقصاء لقياس آراء واتجاهات أفراد الإدارة العليا لشرکات تصنيع البترول المصرية والتى اتضح من تحليلها وجود أثر فعلي لهذه الاستراتيجية على الوصول لمرتبة التميز وبالتالى قام الباحث بوضع إطار منهجي لتطبيق هذه الاستراتيجية داخل الشرکات محل الدراسة للوصول الى مرتبة التميز التنافسى . Abstract: The aim of this research is to measure the impact of the strategy of focusing on achieving competitive excellence. For this purpose, the researcher conducted a survey to gauge the opinions and attitudes of the senior management personnel of the Egyptian petroleum manufacturing companies, whose analysis revealed that there is a real effect of this strategy on reaching the rank of excellence. Methodological approach to applying this strategy within the companies under study.

Egypt Strives To Bolster Economy With Foreign Investment, Imports

Middle East Special Section An international bidding round for oil and gas announced on 1 August is Egypt’s most recent move to bolster its lackluster economy. The country is facing a severe dollar shortage as a drop in tourism, capital, and exports have caused international reserves to sink by more than half to USD 16.4 billion since the political instability in 2011. Economic activity and vital imports also have been limited by the country’s arrears owed to foreign oil companies. In July, Petroleum Minister Tarek El- Molla said the arrears were reduced to USD 3.4 billion in 2015–2016 from USD 3.5 billion a year earlier. He said the crude oil and natural gas received from the foreign partners’ share during 2015– 2016 was worth USD 5.4 billion, and Egypt paid the partners USD 5.5 billion. Egypt was once an oil exporter, but declining production and increasing subsidized consumption have turned it into a net importer. It is dependent on imported gas largely from Iraq and Jordan to keep pace with the country’s demand. The high cost of energy subsidies in Egypt has contributed to the country’s budget deficit and the inability of the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC), the country’s national oil company, to pay off its debt to foreign operators. In the fiscal year (FY) 2013– 2014, Egypt spent USD 18.2 billion on oil product subsidies and USD 1.8 billion on electricity subsidies. In FY 2014–2015, the Egyptian government projected the cost of oil product subsidies to fall to USD 9.2 billion as a result of its implemented subsidy reforms and the drop in global crude oil prices since mid-2014. However, Egypt’s spending on electricity subsidies has increased and is budgeted to cost USD 3.6 billion in FY 2014–2015. To avoid significant backlash from the public at the prospect of dwindling subsidies, which now account for approximately one-fifth of the government’s total budget, the country is looking to increase production by appealing to foreign investment in its oil and gas sector. From 2012 to 2013, Egypt’s dry natural gas production declined by 5%. Substantial natural gas discoveries in the Mediterranean Sea and in other areas have been undeveloped because the price that the government was willing to pay foreign operators for the gas was too low, making some projects commercially unviable. However, in recent years Egypt has signed deals to pay foreign operators a higher price for the natural gas they produce.