E-government Projects Research Articles

Factors Affecting Employees' Adoption of E-Government in the Iraqi Public Education Sector

Adoption and use of technology services can contribute positively to development. However, many developing nations, such as Iraq, have not been qualified to exploit advantages of these services. E-government projects are still inadequate in this country. Scientific research that attempts to solve e-government problems is lacking. This research objective is to identify and evaluate the factors that drive an employee's decision to accept or reject e-government services in the Iraqi public sector. The sample consisted of employees of the Department of Education of Suq Al-Shuyuk, in Southern Iraq. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 employees, but only 273 responses were collected. Extended technology acceptance model and SPSS were employed to conduct statistical analyses for the factors chosen based on earlier studies and related works. The outcomes showed that trust on the internet and perceived usefulness strongly affect employee acceptance, whilst trust in the government has less effect.

E- Government Service Quality And Its Effectiveness

We live in the era of “e-communication”. Governments around the globe rely on e-communication, that is “e-governance”, to govern the public and private activities according to their conditions. It’s also the fastest and the easiest mode of communication. The aim of this paper is to recognize patterns, themes, methodologies and approaches used in e-government and explore the usefulness of e governance with support of secondary data and reviewing the literatures and previous research papers. Moreover, the paper discusses the issues, challenges and limitations in the e-government and provide recommendations regarding how to overcome those limitations. To do so, the study critically analyzes the development and various definitions of the e-government concept such as: Explaining the processes of e-government projects with ethical environments. Addressing the, limitation and challenges faced and ways of strengthening e-government research. At last, findings related to strategies to make e-governance effective and conclusion will be drawn.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES IN E-GOVERNANCE PROJECTS – A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Selecting the right project management methodology is as important as executing a project in e-Governance. This paper explores the major project management methodologies used in e-Governance domain with a literature review of each methodology, the benefits and shortfalls of each methodology while implementing in e-Governance projects. The paper also explores the nature of Project Management methodology used by major nations. Though there are many methodologies of Project Management available and followed across many countries in the world, four major ones are the PMBOK by PMI, PRINCE 2, Waterfall and Agile which have been discussed in detail in this paper. This paper also explores the various project management methodologies, the journey of Project Management followed in e-Governance in India.

Proposed Approach for Enhancing Adoption of E-Government Services Using AHP and PROMETHEE

The growing attention given by governments to invest in e-government projects and the low usage of the available e-government services refers to a gap between provision and usage. This article aims to propose an approach for enhancing adoption of e-government services and maximizing the impact of investment. It is a demand-oriented approach, focuses on eliciting citizens' requirements in e-government projects via analytical analysis of the deployed e-government services, against a predefined set of acceptance and adoption criteria. The proposed approach employs AHP and PROMETHEE methods. AHP is used to create a hierarchical representation of the decision problem and PROMETHEE is used to rank e-government services and highlight their favorable and unfavorable features. The proposed approach has been applied to measure the performance of Egyptian e-government services. The computational results are given and the research outcomes are discussed.

Governance and Accountable Citizenship Through Identification Infrastructures: Database Politics of Copernicus (France) and National Register of Citizens (India)

Several governments around the world have developed new ways of registering citizens when it comes to their relations with the state administration. Contemporary practices of identification through databases open up new ways of institutional and governmental practices across various sectors. In France, the tax administration had become the flagship of the whole French e-government project. The first case study focuses on the Copernicus project, which rapidly raised concerns about the implications of identification practices for taxpayers/citizens/households/individuals through unique identifiers. The Indian case study focuses on the National Register of Citizens as a citizen identification infrastructure, the processes of trying to categorise a diverse demography into citizens and non-citizens, and the subsequent issues that arise around different claims to citizenship. Taking these two case studies, this article discusses two national databases in France (tax administration) and India (citizenship), respectively, as examples of contemporary state practices around digital identification infrastructures as a form of database politics to enforce accountable forms of citizen practices through which different forms of data driven institutional and sociotechnical processes are marking new changes in the state–citizen relationship, both in France and in India.

THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT IN THE TAX ADMINISTRATION: A SCOPING REVIEW

With the spread of information, technology and the Internet, we have found that the tax administration is moving towards online or digital services. The study aims to identify what has worked in the adoption of e-government in tax services. The key aspects include the design of e-government in tax procedures, acceptance and usability factors, impacts, and challenges in the implementation. A scoping review was designed to map the existing evidence on the application of information and technology system in delivering tax services, or known as e-government. Key search terms were developed and mapped. Selected databases and key journals were used in this scoping review. Using the criteria that were determined, we identified 79 articles that most closely demonstrated the purpose of this study. However, we only reported the detailed of the findings from ten included articles. The identified studies reflected the majority of articles investigated the reasons behind the success or failure of e-government projects in the tax administration. This review concludes that in an environment in which the government faced many challenges with the limited resources, e-government adoption in tax administration offers the potential benefit to strengthen the government finances. A greater understanding of the purpose, adoption & acceptance factors, the impact and challenges in the application of e-government projects in tax services is a priority for research, policy and practice.

Technology symbolization: political mechanism of local e-government adoption and implementation

Why did some local e-government projects start off with a bang but end with a whimper? Using the case study of an online administrative approval system in Jiangmen, China, this study explores the political mechanism behind the adoption and implementation of local e-government projects. We propose a framework for analyzing the adoption and implementation of e-government projects that encompasses three aspects: environment (political institutions); process (perceptions of information technology, power relations, and strategic interaction); and performance. The political environment shapes people’s perceptions of information technology and provides motivations and constraints for relevant stakeholders. Stakeholders choose different strategies and actions based on their positions in the power structure, which finally influences the performance of the project. In this study, due to local government leaders’ motivation to seek political achievement and subordinate agencies’ strategic responses in the Chinese political system, the online system finally turned into a symbolic tool that did very little to improve government performance. Points for practitioners • A framework is proposed for analyzing the adoption and implementation of e-government projects that encompasses three aspects: environment (political institutions); process (perceptions of information technology, power relations, and strategic interaction); and performance. • A concept—technology symbolization—is emphasized by exploring the ways in which e-government can be used as a promotion tool for local officials. • With the advent of the new generations of information technology, e-government practitioners cannot ignore the political environment and the impact of political institutions on information technology implementation.

Role of Cultural Factors in IT Projects : In the Context of Developing Economies

Various information and communication technologies (ICT) and electronic government (e-Government) projects have been planted in hopes of economic and social growth in developing economies. These types of ventures usually involve working in societies with their own unique cultures in various aspects that often cause “custom ways” of planning, implementing, coordinating, and controlling in IT projects, thus playing a grand role in determining the success of IT projects. Due to a lack of understanding of local cultural factors and a deficiency of cultural risk evaluation models, however, many IT projects especially in the context of developing economies face failure. This study investigates the major cultural factors involved in IT projects and their effects on IT projects in developing economies. The framework is validated using the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) information and communication technology (ICT) and e-Government project cases of two countries in Central Asia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. This study will help project managers develop management practices and strategies associated with the cultural factors they face during the various stages of their IT projects in their specific contexts.

Understanding e-Governance for Development

New information and communication technologies can make a significant contribution to the achievement of good governance goals. This 'e-governance' can make governance more efficient and more effective, and bring other benefits too. This paper outlines the three main contributions of e-governance: improving government processes (e-administration); connecting citizens (e-citizens and e-services); and building external interactions (e-society). Case studies are used to show that e-governance is a current, not just future, reality for developing countries. However, most e-governance initiatives fail. Countries therefore face two challenges. First, the strategic challenge of e-readiness: preparing six identified pre-conditions for e-governance. Second, the tactical challenge of closing design — reality gaps: adopting best practice in e-governance projects in order to avoid failure and to achieve success. A vision for change is therefore outlined of which more details are given in a related paper.

Building e-Governance for Development: A Framework for National and Donor Action

As noted in a related paper, information and communication technologies have a valuable potential to help meet good governance goals in developing countries. Yet that potential remains largely untapped to date. Why? Because of poor human, organisational and technological infrastructure and because of the inappropriate approaches taken by donors, vendors and governments. This paper hopes to point the way forward by describing the contents of a National e-Governance Initiative (NeGI) for developing countries that would address the problems of the past and would grasp the opportunities provided for governance by the new connectivity. Over a short- to medium-term timeframe, an NeGI aims to help deliver the following outcomes: • Awareness and commitment to e-governance at a high level. • A set of key e-governance institutions that can strategically plan and facilitate e-governance projects. • New laws and regulations that enable e-governance. • A national e-Governance Strategy. • The operational capacities to implement e-governance pilot projects. • A set of e-governance pilot projects focused on 'networked government'. The paper places a particular emphasis on the potential contribution of donor agencies to such an Initiative. Principles, impacts, risks, priorities and other issues relating to e-governance initiatives are also described.

Identification of factors for measuring impact of digital repository by factor analysis

KRISHIKOSH (https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in), a digital repository of M Sc and Ph D thesis/dissertations carried out at different agricultural universities in India, facilitates new ways of sharing institutional knowledge that is leading to new perceptions about research institutions and innovations. The present study was conducted to identify factors that define the impact of digital repository based on the perspectives of the user community. Twenty-two variables measuring e-governance performance selected from literature review are used in designing the questionnaire for conducting opinion survey of researchers using KRISHIKOSH from five agricultural universities in 2019. Factor Analysis performed on the respondents’ perception data has resulted in extraction of five factors explaining about 71% of variation in the data. These factors are characterized as efficiency, interactivity, transparency, reliability and feedback, explaining 44.7%, 9.8%, 6.6%, 4.9% and 4.8% of variation in data, respectively. Based on the variables’ loading coefficient in each extracted factor, the identified variables can be prioritized and focused for maximizing the impact of digital repository and similar e-governance projects in agriculture sector.

Role of integration in scaling of an e-Government project

PurposeScaling is an important concern in the management of information systems projects. E-Government projects are no exception to the challenges of scaling. The problem is more severe because of a large and diverse population of target users and more crucial because of the vulnerability of the target population in case of failure of such initiatives (in projects, such as public distribution system of food). In spite of a significant awareness of its importance among implementers, scaling still remains a challenge. This paper aims to examine this important issue.Design/methodology/approachThe case study method has been used to demonstrate the relationship between integration and scaling of e-Government projects. This study uses analytic generalization from field case as a method to theorize a broad framework for the integration of information and communications technology projects. The context of this study is an e-Government project in West Bengal, India. The selection of the case involved theoretical sampling apart from considerations for the possibility of access to the project and its appropriateness with respect to the topic under study.FindingsFive different levels of integration in e-Government projects, namely, interface, data, electronic communication, application, and knowledge, have been identified. Further, it has been demonstrated that each of these integration mechanisms impacts scaling of e-Government projects. Also, the nature of the impact has been identified.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates the impact of integration on the scaling of e-Government projects. It analyzes the phenomenon of integration in terms of five different levels. All the levels of integration impact scaling of e-Government projects in different ways.

Review of performance assessment frameworks of e-government projects

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarize the literature of electronic government frameworks and models to identify various constructs and their relationship to measure the performance of e-government projects.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 77 publications were identified from Scopus database after using exclusion and inclusion criteria. A total of 136 constructs were mapped across five categories. Further using network science, communities of usage of these constructs across different studies were identified.FindingsDominant constructs used across studies were ease of use, usefulness, user satisfaction, infrastructure, website maturity, security, user trust, transparency, empowerment, operational efficiency, service quality and information quality. This review offers directions for future research in terms of potential for constructs, which have been explored lesser in the existing literature.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides direction for the usage of theoretical lenses, constructs and association among usage for the evaluation of e-government projects, which have been used less in existing literature, and thus, has higher needs for greater exploration. Search scope is limited to Scopus database, which is one of the largest citation database.Practical implicationsIt gives information to the policymakers about the importance of the dominant constructs such as user satisfaction, usefulness, ease of use, efficiency and quality, which have been used across the spectrum of studies of e-government performance assessment frameworks and models. Practitioners need to accommodate the relevance of these factors while designing processes and key performance indicators.Originality/valueThis study analyzes the e-government assessment frameworks and gives direction to theory building for future studies.

Collaboration Competency and E-governance Performance

Collaboration is widely practiced and the topic is well researched in corporate sector. However, relatively little research has been conducted on collaboration in e-governance context. Experiences from limited success of e-governance initiatives in India as well as in various other developing countries reflect upon lack of strategic collaboration within and across government organisations. The finding of the study indicates that e-governance users want their concerns to be addressed, while e-governance project implementers struggle with the inter- and intra-organisational collaborations. The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), 2006 and its subsequent version, i.e., NeGP 2.0 termed as 'e-kranti' component of the Digital India programme of Government of India, has specifically emphasized upon collaboration to effectively unleash e-governance potential. This paper explores the role of collaboration competency in the context of a public organisation through a study of an e-governance project and it also throws light on possible linkage of collaboration competency with e-governance performance.

An Empirically-Derived Taxonomy of eGovernment Challenges

The progress of eGovernment(eGov) initiatives involves focused and contextual practices that address the requirements and concerns of multiple involved stakeholders. This article investigates the state of the practice in eGovernment challenges, assessing some eGovernment projects delivered by ten areas world over, and propose a taxonomy for eGovernment challenges. The taxonomy comprises of three (level-1) dimensions: economic, technological, and social challenges, and sixteen (level-2) dimensions: legal/regulatory, institutional/operational/environmental, political, financial, quality, process, structural, organizational, development, technical, managerial, contextual, policy & training, data & information, stakeholder, and other issues and challenges. The proposed taxonomy contributes to assistance in guiding the concerns by classifying a range of eGovernment challenges, providing how the challenges occur, to whom does it affect. Moreover, the study discusses the usage settings of the taxonomy by Government professionals, vendor organizations, researchers and IT staff. Furthermore, the researchers can also use this taxonomy for further development of the field. Such identification of a list of critical government challenges can also be beneficial to IT professionals in planning and executing the eGovernment projects.

Measuring employee engagement for sustainable e-government projects Indian context

The digital era has completely transformed interaction between the government and its stakeholders by enhancing transparency, efficiency and reliability in ecosystem. Employees' role is very crucial and inimitable in ensuring smooth operations of such high aiming projects. The purpose of study is to identify and analyse crucial factors from a socio technical aspect for sustainability of e-government projects. The factors have been identified using existing literature and interviews conducted from audit agencies. An algorithm and model have been developed and validated using dataset of 600 respondents. The data consist of sample having good mix of government and private employees with varied experience. The results have been statistically analysed and interpreted using regression. The findings have revealed that significance of factors varies based on various stages, experience and category of employees. The model prepared could help decision makers in deriving meaningful insights and measures which could be taken during various stages of the project.

Toward a mandatory public e-services in Jordan

With the rapid developments in utilizing the popularity of internet, the governments all over the world adopted various e-government projects to provide their services. This paper aimed to investig...

Assessment of E-Readiness and Effectiveness of E-Governance Projects

In this decade, a number of e-governance initiatives are implemented in the Satara district. It is essential to assess the e-readiness and effectiveness of the initiatives for smooth running of the projects and future enhancement plan. The researcher has made an attempt to assess the e-readiness and effectiveness of e-governance initiatives in Satara district. For this purpose, the researcher identified the seven key indicators for assessment of effectiveness of e-governance projects running in the Satara district, Maharashtra, India. The researcher collected primary data from the citizens of Satara district and secondary data is gathered from government gazettes, government publications, census of India. Finally, the researcher specified the conclusion.

E-Government as Public Sector Innovation

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have a critical role in public sector. The use of ICT in service innovation to citizens is known as e-government. E-government as public sector innovation presents a higher quality, cost-effective, government services and a better relationship between citizen and government. On the other hand study conducted by Lee (2009) show the implementation of e-government in many countries is not in line with expectations. The purpose of this paper is to discuss what factors influence the success of e-government as public sector innovation. This research used systematic literature review method to conduct a brief selective review of CSF (critical success factors) in implementing e-government. The outcome of the finding there are several critical success factors (CSF) that influence e-government as public sector innovations consist of planning, organizational structure, organizational culture, policy, human resources, leadership, communication, coordination and collaboration, and awareness. Thus defining CSF especially in implementing e-government will help public organizations avoid the failure of e-government projects.

Smart Cities—A View of Societal Aspects

Smart city projects are considered real challenges to the development of cities everywhere. The concept itself has many definitions, but a smart city should be defined less based on implemented IT solutions, and more based on optimization of its basic functions using new technologies. There are societal aspects of smart city implementations, similar to eGovernment early projects, and aspects of the use of digital technology that raise concerns. In most cities, the digital divide is still a problem. Smart city projects are the result of the fourth industrial revolution, but cities still lack a full implementation of solutions derived from previous industrial revolutions. Despite that, cities report a lot of smart city projects. Money still gets spent, as being a smart city is, in many cases, an artificial priority and a fashionable topic. Moreover, non-Internet technologies and their relations to a good smart city solution are also not considered. Digital divide bridging is one requirement for a full implementation of a smart city concept. A review of acceleration and deceleration factors shows the obstacles faced by smart city projects. Rankings of cities based on several smart city criteria are published frequently. Various approaches lead to contradictory rankings. A new set of comprehensive rankings developed by an international organization and based on reputable reports and statistics would be useful. The study is based on several smart city and eGovernment projects in Romania.