E-Government Development Index Research Articles

Implementasi E-Office Dalam Peningkatan Pengelolaan Tata Naskah Dinas Di Sekretariat Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat Tahun 2022

According to the United Nations e-Government Development Index (EGDI) survey results for 2020, Indonesia was ranked 7th in Southeast Asia and 88th in the world. Indonesia must continue to work towards closing the gap in e-government implementation through Electronic-Based Governance System (SBPE) policy at the central and regional government levels. The government of DKI Jakarta province has taken steps to implement the Electronic-Based Governance System (SBPE) through Government-to-Government (G2G) services by implementing the Governor of DKI Jakarta regulation number 99 of 2021 concerning Official Administrative Management within the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. The policy is implemented through an information technology-based application called e-office. This research aims to identify, analyze, and understand the obstacles and the efforts made to implement the e-office for improving administrative management at the Secretariat OF Central Jakarta City Administration. The research utilized a qualitative-descriptive method, where the results were presented based on the analysis of interview responses, document observations, and studies conducted. The research employed the theory proposed George C. Edwards III (Pramono, Joko, 2020:17), which encompasses communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure as crucial aspects. The research results indicated that the implementation of the e-office for improving administrative management at the Secretariat of Central Jakarta City Administration in 2022 has generally been successful.

The The Impact of the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) on the Worldwide Governance Indicator (WGI) in European Union Countries

This study aims to analyze the impact of the e-Government Development Index (EGDI) on the Worldwide Governance Indicator (WGI) in European Union member countries. The EGDI is an index measurement that displays conditions related to the development of e-Government implementation in the member country of the United Nations, while the WGI is a series of governance indicators issued by the world bank that measures six dimensions of governance. The research method used in this research is a mixed method with collecting and analyzing data quantitatively by using Smart PLS 0.3 version, then collecting qualitative data analysis data by using qualitative methods collecting data from relevant scientific articles. The data sources for this research were obtained from the official website of the EGDI, the official website of the WGI, and literature studies of relevant scientific articles. The result of this study shows that the implementation of e-Government based on EGDI data in European Union countries has no impact on the six indicators of WGI as a whole. This is based on the results showing that the influence of the EGDI of European Union member countries on corruption control, government effectiveness, and voice of accountability is accepted, while the impact of the EGDI of European Union member countries on political stability and the absence of violence/terrorism, the quality of regulation and the rule of law is rejected. This research contributes to complement existing research by looking at the impact of implementing e-Government in European Union countries. This research is expected to be a reference in studying the implementation of e-Government in European Union countries so that it can be implemented effectively and efficiently.

Multivariate analysis of the determinants of e-government

This study aims to determine the correlation between four variables, gross domestic product per capita (GDP), population (Pop.), Individuals using the Internet (It.net.user) and the global innovation index (GII) regarding the development of e-government according to the E-government Development Index (EDGI). The purpose is to determine which model best predicts the behavior of the variables and to provide tools that can guide decision-making in public policy and e-government. Four hypotheses were proposed about the relationship between the variables and the E-government Development Index. The data about GDP, Pop., It.net.users, and GII for the analysis were extracted from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the World Bank and Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) respectively. The database consisted of a panel of 91 countries analyzed in the time interval from 2003 to 2020, with a total of 1683 observations. A linear panel data model was used, and fixed and random effects models were estimated. The Hausman test was applied, and it was determined that the appropriate statistical model was a fixed effects model. This model was used to test the four hypotheses. All of them were accepted.

Institutional foundations of digital transformation of business in economic sectors

The article examines the external prerequisites for the digital transformation of business in the Russian economy. The object of research is the institutional infrastructure of the digital economy. The subject of the study is the state digital ecosystem. The main problem of the study is the insufficient digital maturity of the business with limited availability of technologies. The purpose of the study is to determine the technological limitations of the institutional environment for the systemic transformation of Russian business in accordance with global trends in the development of digital technologies. The methodology of the research is based on the analysis of the development of the digital ecosystem of the Russian economy for the formation of cross-industry business cooperation based on Internet technologies. The indicative method and comparative analysis of the e-government rating based on the e-government development index were used as an analysis tool. As a result, an assessment of the formation of the public sector of electronic services for business is given, a set of indicators is defined to assess the development of the technological basis of the institutional state ecosystem of digital business transformation.

E-Government Services Adoption Assessment From the Citizen Perspective in Jordan

Jordanian government has made a commendable effort towards designing and disseminating e-government portals on the web. However, there are certain barriers that have caused a significant deterioration in the e-government development index (EGDI) rank for Jordan in the last few years. The paper aims to understand the influence of the factors relating to e-government adoption to improve upon the trailing factors and move further on the EGDI. This study proposes a research model considering constructs such as relative advantage, perceived trust, computer self-efficacy, perceived awareness, resistance to change on behavioral intention. The data were collected through questionnaire survey. The data were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM) of AMOS 25.0. The results of the analysis showed that relative advantage, perceived trust, computer self-efficacy and perceived awareness have a positive and significant influence on behavioral intentions whereas resistance to change found to negatively influence the citizens' behavioral intentions to adopt the e-government services.

The Level of Cybersecurity of the BRICS Member Countries in International Ratings: Prospects for Cooperation

Creating a legal framework for cybersecurity is a key factor in the digitalization of an economy. The interaction between the BRICS member countries has undergone a digital transformation, which has improved their ability to work together economically and strengthened the growing influence of these countries in the international arena. The purpose of the present study is to determine the potential of the BRICS member nations to form a joint cybersecurity strategy. The authors put forward a hypothesis that the formation of an effective cybersecurity system is possible only with a sufficient level of development of information and communication technologies and a high degree of digitalization of interstate governance. The scientific novelty of this research lies in its complex approach to the scientific and theoretical analysis of the problems of ensuring cybersecurity in the BRICS member countries, on the basis of which it identifies the common areas for cooperation. The research methodology is based on establishing a correlation between the indicators of e-government development and the criteria for state cybersecurity, followed by a comparative analysis. As a quantitative indicator, the authors use the data of the E-Government Development Index for the BRICS member countries from 2010 to 2018. Additionally, the level of maturity of each country’s national cybersecurity system is reflected in the rating of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Based on the ITU rating, we assess the cybersecurity efficiency of the BRICS member countries versus other countries. The findings of the research lead the authors to the conclusion that state control over cyberspace and the availability of a national strategy are prerequisites for achieving a high level of cybersecurity.

E-Government Development Index Impact on World Governance Indicator Index in Southeast Asian Countries

The aims of this study is to find out how the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) affects the World Governance Index (WGI) in Southeast Asia. The choice of a Southeast Asian country is important because, in general, Southeast Asia is a developing country that needs improvement, especially in the area of government. Southeast Asian countries still have governance that hasn't worked well as a whole, and non-government actors still have the most power. The method used in the research is quantitative machine learning (Google Collab Research) analysis. Data processing is carried out in the form of extras from EGDI and WGI in Southeast Asian countries to find the influence of the two data sets. The results showed that the impact of EGDI on WGI was the greatest in the indicators of government effectiveness and regulatory quality, with a score above 0.53. The reason behind this is the increase in digital bureaucracy in all sectors of government; it also has an impact on good governance. Then, in the sector of corruption control, some countries have also adopted ICT, and some of them have succeeded in reducing corruption. Sectors that have adopted digital bureaucracies, such as education, environment, crisis management, and sustainable development. In the regulatory quality sector, institutional improvements are carried out to suppress corruption and improve the quality of democracy by involving non-governmental actors. The lowest indicator is voice and accountability, with a score below 0.49 (moderate). This is because there is still a lot of development in terms of governance and government institutions, which have not run optimally.

Directions of the territory’s investment security mechanisms improvement in the context of digital transformation: Krasnodar Krai case study

The purpose of the study is to develop measures to improve the mechanisms for ensuring investment security of the Krasnodar Krai in the context of digital transformation. The subject of the study is the investment and innovation potential in the economic security system of the Krasnodar Krai. The article discusses the features of the formation of investment security of the territory in the conditions of digital transformation. The key stages of this process are presented. The analysis of innovative activity of the territory indicators formation is carried out, and the E-Government Development Index by country in 2020 is estimated. Such threats to the formation of investment security in the Krasnodar Krai as low innovative activity, fragile relationship between science and production, poor commercialization of investments; insufficient popularization of receiving state and municipal services in electronic form; unsatisfactory volume of introduction of modern end-to-end digital technologies in the field of regional management; underdevelopment of digitalisation; as well as geopolitical risks have been identified. The economic justification of the proposed measures implementation in relation to the state program “Development of the industry of the Krasnodar Territory and increasing its competitiveness”, the Strategy of digital transformation of the Krasnodar Krai, as well as the state program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” has been carried out. The practical implementation of the proposed measures will improve the formation of investment security of the Krasnodar Krai in the context of digital transformation.

E-Government Development—A Key Factor in Government Administration Effectiveness in the European Union

The phenomenon of digitisation of the public sector is an irreversible process that affects both the way public institutions are organised and the communication relationships between people and institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic represented a challenge and a strong impetus in accelerating the digitisation process of public administration at the global level such that it is currently difficult to make a clear distinction between governance and e-governance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the intensification of the digitisation process of public services in increasing the efficiency of governments at the level of the member states of the European Union, based on a cluster analysis. A robust least squares regression method was used to estimate the effects of the three dimensions of the e-government development index (EGDI) on government effectiveness. The results of the analysis highlighted the fact that the skills of the population in using online services determine the increase in a double percentage of government efficiency in intensively digitised states compared to states where the digitisation of public services is less developed. The development of the telecommunications infrastructure also has a significant positive impact on the efficiency of the government. However, online services offered by public authorities have proven to negatively influence government efficiency in both clusters.

Public Services: Forced Digitalization in a Pandemic - The Nuances of Management

The aim of the article is to assess the digital transformation quantitatively and qualitatively in the management of public services against the background of the pandemic. The E-Government Development Index (EGDI) analog for evaluating the effectiveness of digital public services was developed. Qualitative and quantitative changes in digital transformation in the management of public services on the background of the pandemic were determined. It was found that no more extensive range of non-mandatory actions aimed at improving the client-oriented nature of public services and communication is observed in the innovative regions of the Russian Federation. It is established that the main transformations are qualitative, as the trend of increasing digitalization of public services was observed even before the pandemic, but during the pandemic the requirements for the expansion of such services, their efficiency, "customer centricity", and communication both within the organization and with users have increased.

Statistical and managerial analysis of the digital transformation of economy in the context of sustainable development

The purpose of the study is to analyze available statistic information concerning the level of digitalization in the Russian Federation and to identify problem areas for the subsequent development of measures to eliminate them. Currently, a number of quantitative indicators have been developed in the world that determine the ranking of countries according to the degree of development of the digital economy. It is a system of indices and sub-indices on various areas of digitalization development. Conducting such evaluation by various organizations allows us to speak about the objectivity of assessments received and the reflection of real situation in a particular country. The article provides an analysis of the position of the Russian Federation among other countries of the world on a number of digital economy development indices – the world digital competitiveness index, the readiness index for a networked society, the inclusive Internet index, the e-government development index, the mobile interaction index, as well as on national indicators affecting digital economy and information and communication technologies. The dynamics of these indicators in recent years is analyzed, problematic areas of digitalization in our country are identified in order to concentrate efforts on lagging areas, which would ensure further development of the Russian economy.

КАЧЕСТВО ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫХ УСЛУГ: ПРОБЛЕМА, ПОДХОДЫ К ОЦЕНКЕ И ИЗМЕРИТЕЛИ

Assessing the quality of public services in electronic form in Russia is carried out by the state represented by the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Communications and state development institutions, as well as a wide expert community represented by university research teams and rating agencies. All the many methods used indicate that the quality of electronic government services (EGS) can be assessed using various approaches and criteria, which do not always confirm each other’s results. The study, the results of which are presented in these materials, compared conclusions drawn from the interpretation of open data on the e-Government Development Index (EGDI), as well as those obtained on the basis of European statistics, Russian state statistics, VСIOM data and data from independent web analytical services. The study showed that international experts from a special UN department rank the Russian Federation in the seventh ten countries in terms of EGS quality (above average rank), while national government agencies, while monitoring the use of EGS over the past years, have recorded a consistently high and growing level. Awareness and satisfaction with the quality of EGS among the Russian population is confirmed by independent web analytics data on traffic and its quality characteristics (depth and time) of the main state online service.

Оцінка рівня цифровізації економіки України та країн – членів ЄС

The aim of the article is to assess the level of digitalization of the economy of Ukraine and the EU countries using international indices and rankings. In international practice, various rankings and indices are increasingly used to assess the progress of countries around the world in the field of digitalization. The most common rankings that characterize the level of digitalization of the national economy include: the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI); the ICT Development Index; the E-government development index; the Global Cybersecurity Index; the ranking of countries by the level of open data development (Open Data Maturity), etc. The presented international indices summarize the relevant indicators that characterize the effectiveness of digital technologies in the countries of the world; accessibility and quality of mobile communications, the Internet, and digital public services; protection from cyber threats; effectiveness of State policy in the field of open data. The features of formation and constituent components of international rankings and indices, used to assess the level of digitalization of the economy, are considered. The EU countries that are leaders in the digitalization of the economy include: Denmark, Estonia, Poland, Finland, France. The competitive disadvantages of Ukraine in comparison with the EU countries in terms of the components of international indices are determined. The vectors of digital development of Ukraine have been formed as follows: ensuring high-quality communication by expanding access to broadband Internet and its quality; improvement of telecommunications infrastructure; security against cyber threats; strengthening the effectiveness of the State digital policy. It is concluded that in Ukraine there is a potential for increasing the partial indicators that form integral indices, which are used in international practice to assess the level of digitalization of the economy.

FORMATION OF A DYNAMIC MODEL OF E-GOVERNMENT OPTIMIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF NEW CHALLENGES AND RISKS

In the context of modern challenges and risks, which, first of all, include the turbulence of world politics and the world economy, the negative consequences of globalization and digitalization, the COVID-19 pandemic, special importance is given to the tasks of the state to ensure internal and external security, protect rights, freedoms and interests of citizens, creation of favorable conditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The listed challenges and risks faced by modern Russia have increased the importance of e-government and become a trigger for its dynamic development. Today, e-government promotes fast, stable, secure and reliable interaction between citizens, the private sector and the state. The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of successful practices in the field of digital government development in order to form a dynamic model for optimizing the electronic government of the Russian Federation. The research methodology is based on comparative and compositional-graphical analysis, on the basis of which the authors compare the features, approaches and quality of the leading countries’ in the UN e-Government Development Index (EGDI) e-governments’ functioning. In the study, the authors pay special attention to the issue of the effective e-government functioning, analyze current global trends in the development of digital governments, and refer to the experience of advanced digital states. As a result of the study, the authors identify the integral components of an effectively functioning e-government, clearly demonstrate its model. In conclusion, the authors analyze the problems of e-government development in Russia, and also formulate recommendations for its dynamic optimization.

Analysis of the Digitization Process of Turkish Public Administration Based on the Perspective of Digital Government Index and E-Government Development Index

Considering that modern states began with the collapse of feudalism in the 15th and 16th centuries, states have assumed very different functions in the process up to today. Parallel to this, the delivery of public services has evolved in the context of the advances brought by technology. In this context, the study first discusses the shift from traditional to digital states in general terms. Then, Turkey's digitalization process was examined and information about the Digital Transformation Office established within the Presidency was included. Data from WASEDA University's "Digital State Index" and the United Nations' "E-Government Development Index" were also collected and analyzed. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate Turkey's place in the world using the WASEDA Digital State Index and to compare it with other countries. In addition, based on the United Nations E-Government Development Index, the distribution of "e-government development, e-participation, online service index, telecommunication infrastructure index and human capital indexes" according to years was analyzed comparatively. Examining Turkey's digitalization process in the light of different index data makes this study unique and important. The study used a descriptive method and statistical data, and it was found that Turkey has made significant progress in its digitalization process over the past 20 years. The study's main conclusion is that digitalization is a paradigm shift in Turkish public administration, as it allows for the online delivery of public services regardless of location, reduces bureaucratic obstacles, brings speed and flexibility and facilitates the work of citizens.

E-Government Implementation to Support Digital Village in Indonesia: Evidence from Cianjur Village, Bogor Regency

The implementation of e-government is considered as one of the bureaucratic reforms in terms of improving local public services, in Indonesia itself we can trace starting from Presidential Instruction Number 6 of 2001 concerning Telecommunications, Media, and Informatics, until later Presidential Decree Number 20 of 2006 established the National Information and Communication Technology Council with the aim of accelerating the implementation of e-government. Although referring to the 2020 E-Government Development Index (EGDI) assessment survey issued by the United Nations every 2 years, it shows that Indonesia's position is ranked 88th, up from 107th in 2018, the digital divide and inequality of internet access in various regions are inevitable. Taking a case study of Cijantur Village, Rumpin District, Bogor Regency, in order to support digital village program, this study tries to see the extent of the effectiveness of the implementation of website-based E-Service by the local community. Using a qualitative approach with observation data and literature studies collecting data method, this study concluded that the failure of the implementation of website-based e-government in Cijantur village is influenced by many factors including, residents' knowledge about the use of websites, the orientation of e-government development has not targeted the aspect of utilizing digital economy, and the level of community needs, whereas villages that still lack access to digital tools. This research suggests that there must be attention by relevant officials, so that Cijantur village is no longer an isolated village and streghtening construction and infrastructure of Cijantur village and provide a strong internet network to support the progress of the community in the field of technology.

The Current Landscape of Digital Transformation. An Overview, and Prospects in Romania

Many scientific papers, articles, and books related to digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation have been published, and many issues are defined, researched, and discussed for two decades already worldwide, yet with timid application in real life. However, the digital transformation process in many countries has been significantly accelerated by the Covid-19 difficult situations due to social distance restrictions, and especially the lockdowns imposed by governments. The paper summarizes the roadmap to digital transformation in 193 countries according to EGDI (United Nations E-Government Development Index), the EU’s main areas for multi-projects, and Romania’s e-Government and e-Business current situation. There are also presented a number of examples of successful e-Government and e-Business projects in Romania.

Dynamic Influence of Digital and Technological Advancement on Sustainable Economic Growth in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Countries

Digital and technological transformation has gained significant attention not only due to the exposure of the latest technologies but also due to its considerable impact on sustainable economic growth. This research determines the influence of digital and technological advancement on sustainable economic growth. Digital and technological advancement is composed of three variables; E-government Development Index (EGDI), Internet Users’ (IU) growth, and information and communications technology (ICT) exports. Besides that, the urbanization and unemployment rate have been considered as control variables. The dataset consists of the year 2004–2020 for 21 Asian region partner countries along Belt and Road (BRI) region. The conclusions of the two-step system GMM were validated through the D-K fixed effect regression technique. Findings indicate that increase in EGDI, ICT exports, and internet users’ growth has a significant and positive influence on sustainable economic growth which leads that digital and technological advancement having a positive influence on sustainable economic growth. Moreover, urbanization has a partial positive impact, while unemployment has a negative influence on sustainable economic growth as Asian regions are emerging economies and the rate of unemployment is very high, which is affecting the real GDP per capita. It is evident and suggested that improvement in the EGDI index, internet users’ growth, ICT exports, and reduction in the unemployment rate would enhance the balanced sustainable economic growth for all Asian countries of the BRI region.

E-Government Development in European Countries: Socio-Economic and Environmental Aspects

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the relationship between digitalisation of public services (e-government) and ESG factors (environmental, social and economic factors). As public administration is a major stakeholder influencing sustainable development and state governments are aiming to digitise their services, there is a need to better understand the effect of the digital revolution on ESG. This article aims to study the relationship between the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and ESG factors in 26 European countries. The linear ordering method TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) was used for the study, followed by the Perkal index and the method of optimal predictors’ selection—the Hellwig method. The study is based on the Eurostat data (in the period 2003–2020), and the analysis includes ten variables: Share of environmental taxes in GDP; Exposure to dust air pollution; Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector—carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc. (energy, industry, agriculture, forestry, waste management) (thousands of tonnes); Passenger transport volume in relation to GDP; At risk of poverty or social exclusion; Percentage of people satisfied with their financial situation among people aged 16+; Share of the ICT sector in GDP; Unemployment rate of people aged 20–64; Research and development expenditure in all sectors; GDP per capita. The in-depth analysis offers a matrix that represents the relationships between environmental taxes and the development of e-government. The main finding reveals statistically significant relationships between the EGDI and aggregate variables representing the environmental, social and economic spheres. It indicates a genuine, positive impact of digitalised administrative processes on sustainable development. It also seems to confirm that investments in digital infrastructure and government e-services bring multiple long-term benefits and contribute directly to all three domains relevant to the sustainability of modern development. The results of the analysis can be found useful by governments and governmental institutions as informing digitalisation strategies aimed at balancing the development of e-services and their support infrastructure. Nowadays, when planning strategic actions, one should take into account the social, economic and environmental impact of the digitalisation processes.

E-Government Innovation, Financial Disclosure, and Public Sector Accounts

This study seeks to test and examine the relationships and impacts of e-government development and e-participation on the financial disclosure of public sector accounts in the context of small island countries. To study the relationships and impacts, the authors drew on (1) e-government development index and (2) e-participation index as measures of e-government development and e-participation. They developed a public accounts internet financial disclosure index (PAIFDI) to measure the online financial disclosure of public sector accounts. A total of 30 small island countries were selected for this study. Data were generated from the 2018 United Nations e-government survey and through assessment of the national websites of 30 small island developing countries. The findings from this study also showed that e-government development has a positive and statistically significant impact on PAIFDI, at a 5% level of significance, holding all other variables constant.