Eggshell Powder Research Articles

A Review on Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Eggshell Powder and Fly Ash

A Review on Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Eggshell Powder and Fly Ash

Eggshell membrane powder reinforces adhesive polysaccharide hydrogels for wound repair

Multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels with strong tissue adhesion, and antimicrobial and hemostatic properties are attractive wound healing materials. In this study, a chitosan-based hydrogel (HCS) was designed, and its properties were enhanced by incorporating oxidized eggshell membrane (OEM). Hydrogel characterization and testing results showed that the hydrogel had excellent antimicrobial properties, cytocompatibility, satisfactory adhesion properties on common substrates, and wet-state adhesion capacity. A rat liver injury model confirmed the significant hemostatic effect of the hydrogel. Finally, the ability of the hydrogel to promote wound healing was verified using rat skin wound repair experiments. Our findings indicate that HCS/OEM hydrogels with added eggshell membrane fibers have better self-healing properties, mechanical strength, adhesion, hemostatic properties, and biocompatibility than HCS hydrogels, in addition to having superior repair performance in wound repair experiments. Overall, the multifunctional polysaccharide hydrogels fabricated in this study are ideal for wound repair.

Investigating Concrete Properties with Partial Replacement of Cement by Alccofine and Eggshell Powder

In this study, we investigate the effect of substituting cement with Alccofine and eggshell powder on the strength properties of concrete. Cement production is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. Our research aims to address this environmental concern by evaluating the potential of Alccofine and eggshell powder as partial cement replacements while maintaining or enhancing concrete quality. We prepared various concrete mixtures with a constant 10% substitution of Alccofine, combined with different proportions of eggshell powder replacing cement (ranging from 0% to 20%). Through thorough testing including compressive, split tensile and flexural strength assessments, we analyzed the mechanical performance of these mixtures. Our findings demonstrate that Alccofine and eggshell powder can effectively substitute cement in concrete, providing a more environmentally friendly option that improves material strength. However, further research is needed to optimize the mix proportions and assess long-term durability in diverse environmental conditions. Notably, combining eggshell powder with Alccofine presents a promising approach to enhancing concrete performance while reducing the environmental impact of cement production. This study contributes to advancing sustainable practices in concrete construction, promoting the use of eco-friendly building materials. Key Words: Alccofine, eggshell powder, compressive, split tensile and flexural strength.

Effect of eggshell powder and phosphorus on growth and yield of MD7 groundnut variety in spring season in Phu Xuyen, Ha Noi

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of eggshell powder and phosphorus on growth and yield of MD7 groundnut variety in the spring season in Phu Xuyen, Ha Noi. The two factor experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of three rates of eggshell powder (0, 300, 500 kg/ha). The sub-plot included three rates of phosphorus (30, 60, 90 kg/ha). The results showed that the growth and yield of plants fertilized with eggshell powder were higher than those with unfertilized eggshell powder. In addition, the growth traits and yield of MD7 groundnut variety increased with increasing phosphorus fertilizer doses from 30 kg P2O5/ha to 90 kg P 2O5/ha under the same fertilized or unfertilized eggshell powder conditions. Briefly, the results indicated that the rate of 500 kg eggshell powder/ha combined with 90 kg P2O5/ha was suitable for MD7 groundnut variety to grow, develop and produce the highest yield in the spring season in Phu Xuyen, Ha Noi.

Physico-mechanical, thermal insulation properties, and microstructure of geopolymer foam concrete containing sawdust ash and egg shell

Recently, energy conservation through building thermal insulation has gained significant importance in solving sustainability-related issues. In this context, this study investigates the potential for manufacturing geopolymer foam concrete (GFC) containing eggshell powder (ESP) and sawdust ash (SDA) using aluminium (Al) powder as a foaming agent. The role of Al-powder percentages on the mechanical and thermal properties of GFC was thoroughly investigated. The effect of ESP and SDA incorporation as partial replacements of precursors (from 0 to 20 %) on the thermal properties, durability, and microstructure of GFCs were also discussed. The experimental findings demonstrate that the bulk density and compressive strength of GFC with different Al-powder contents ranged between 1928 and 1798 kg/m3 and 17.45 and 9.37 MPa, respectively. The SEM images and MIP tests show that foams with different numbers of micro- and macropores are formed in GFCs. The ESP-based GFC had an apparent porosity range of 13.09 %–10.29 % and a bulk density range of 1823 to 1713 kg/m3. The SDA-based GFC had an apparent porosity range of 14.21 %–12.96 % and a bulk density range of 1834 to 1807.8 kg/m3. It was found that the 10 % ESP and 5 %, SDA mixtures enhanced the strength by 16.54 % and 4.45 %, respectively, compared to the control mix. The thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat of 10 % ESP-mixture and 5 % SDA-mixture were 1.237 and 1.167 W/(mK), 0.795 and 0.922 mm2/S, and 1.556 and 1.266 MJ/m3K, respectively. Finally, the residual strength and microstructure investigations demonstrate that ESP-based GFCs have more stability than SDA-based GFCs and the control mix when subjected to elevated temperatures.

Characterization of Bio-Cement Reinforced with Eggshell Composites

Eggshells are an interesting inorganic compound with a chemical composition and crystallographic structure similar to that of CaCO3. This study aims to acquire a better understanding of the use of eggshells, which are commercially incorporated into cement mixtures, to increase the mechanical strength of cement-eggshell composite. The cement mixture was prepared by incorporating different compositions (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) of eggshell powder. The raw eggshells were cleaned, crushed, dried, sieved into small pieces, and mixed with the cement according to the desired composition. Analysis of the eggshell powder showed similar peaks to CaCO3, indicating that eggshells can be used as a calcium source. The results indicated that the addition of 10 wt.% finely ground eggshell powder improved the compressive and flexural strength of the cement mix. It was also found that eggshell powder can potentially be used as a filler, as it exhibited the highest water absorption at 15 wt.%. The use of eggshells as a reinforcing component in environmentally friendly cement mixes has the potential to improve the environment by reducing waste, the need for conventional cement resources, and the pollution caused by excessive cement mining.

Home Meal Replacement Fortified with Eggshell Powder and Vitamin D Prevents Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study.

Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies have been ongoing problems in Koreans due to a lack of food sources of calcium and vitamin D. Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 64 years (n = 25) were randomly assigned to consume three home meal replacements (HMRs)/week with (treatment) and without (control) eggshell powder and vitamin D for 6 months. Additionally, subjects who agreed to continue the study consumed the same three HMRs/week for an additional 6 months in this randomized double-blind study. We confirmed the high compliance of the study participants by analyzing carotenoids, the bioactive substances of HMRs, in the blood. The treatment group consumed an additional 261 mg/d of calcium and 10.3 μg/d of vitamin D from the HMRs, thus meeting the recommended intakes of calcium and vitamin D for Koreans. As a result of consuming fortified HMRs for 6 months, the decline in femoral neck bone density was significantly reduced in the treatment group (p = 0.035). This study indicates that inexpensive eggshell powder may be a good source of calcium for populations with low consumption of milk and dairy products. Additionally, functional HMRs fortified with eggshell powder and vitamin D can be a good dietary strategy for bone health.

Synthesis of Eggshell Powder and GGBS Geopolymer Designed by the Taguchi Method

This research endeavors to develop a geopolymer mortar synthesized from eggshell powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, utilizing the Taguchi L25 optimization technique to refine the synthesis process across molarity (A), precursor ratio (B) and curing duration (C). Analyzed at five distinct levels across 25 experimental setups, denoted as A1B1C1 through A5B5C5, these variables were rigorously tested. Compressive-strength measurement was employed as a criterion to assess the performance of three samples from each setup, alongside setting-time evaluation to ascertain the geopolymer concrete's workability. Optimal results were observed with a 60% eggshell to 40% slag ratio (A5B1C5), yielding the highest average compressive strength of 49.5 MPa after a curing period of 56 days. Conversely, a mix comprising 100% eggshell (A2B5C1) manifested the lowest compressive strength of 5 MPa at a 3-day curing period. Taguchi's signal-to-noise ratio analysis pinpointed the precursor ratio as a crucial determinant of compressive strength. Additionally, setting-time investigations revealed A5B1C5 as exhibiting the most advantageous initial and final setting times of 15 minutes and 30 minutes, respectively, compared to the protracted durations of 240 minutes and 540 minutes for A2B5C1. Through comprehensive chemical, micro-structural and mineralogical characterizations via X-ray fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, it was found that an increased proportion of ground granulated blastfurnace slag relative to eggshell enhances surface smoothness and density, indicative of successful polymerization. This was further corroborated by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the formation of sodium alumina-silicate hydrate, calcium aluminum silicate hydrate and calcium silicate hydrate gels. Consequently, the study substantiates the potential of employing eggshell powder and ground granulated blast-furnace slag in the sustainable fabrication of geopolymers from waste materials. Keywords: Geopolymers, GGBFS, Eggshell, Taguchi Method, Compressive strength

An effective preserving strategy for strawberries by constructing pectin/starch coatings reinforced with functionalized eggshell fillers

Food waste occurs frequently worldwide, though hunger and malnutrition issues have received global attention. Short-term spoilage of perishable foods causes a significant proportion of food waste. Developing simple, green, and low-cost strategies to preserve the freshness of perishable foods is important to address this issue and improving food safety. By using strawberries as the model perishable fruit, this study reported a pectin/carboxy methyl starch sodium (PC) based coating using epigallocatechin gallate-loaded eggshell powder (ES@EGCG) as the functional fillers. In comparison to PC coating, the PC-ES@EGCG coating displayed much-enhanced performance, such as enhanced mechanical (2 folds) and barrier (water vapor & oxygen) properties. This composite coating reduced the weight loss of strawberries from over 60% to around 30% after 7-day storage. Coated strawberries exhibit better freshness retention, which achieves the purpose of preserving strawberries during storage. This study provided a cost-effective and eco-friendly coating strategy for reducing food waste.

Influence of Eggshell Powder on the Properties of Cement-Based Materials.

Replacing cement with industrial by-products is an important way to achieve carbon neutrality in the cement industry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of eggshell powder on cement hydration properties, and to evaluate its feasibility as a substitute for cement. The substitution rates of eggshell powder are 0%, 7.5%, and 15%. Studying the heat of hydration and macroscopic properties can yield the following results. First: The cumulative heat of hydration based on each gram of cementitious material falls as the eggshell powder content rises. This is a result of the eggshell powder's diluting action. However, the cumulative heat of hydration per gram of cement rises due to the nucleation effect of the eggshell powder. Second: The compressive strengths of ES0, ES7.5, and ES15 samples at 28 days of age are 54.8, 43.4, and 35.5 MPa, respectively. Eggshell powder has a greater negative impact on the compressive strength. The effect of eggshell powder on the speed and intensity of ultrasonic waves has a similar trend. Third: As the eggshell powder content increases, the resistivity gradually decreases. In addition, we also characterize the microscopic properties of the slurry with added eggshell powder. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) shows that, as the age increases from 1 day to 28 days, hemicaboaluminate transforms into monocaboaluminate. As the content of the eggshell powder increases, FTIR analysis finds a slight decrease in the content of CSH. Similarly, thermogravimetric (TG) results also show a decrease in the production of calcium hydroxide. Although the additional nucleation effect of eggshell powder promotes cement hydration and generates more portlandite, it cannot offset the loss of portlandite caused by the decrease in cement. Last: A numerical hydration model is presented for cement-eggshell powder binary blends. The parameters of the hydration model are determined based on hydration heat normalized by cement mass. Moreover, the hydration heat until 28 days is calculated using the proposed model. The strength development of all specimens and all test ages can be expressed as an exponential function of hydration heat.

Modification and Innovation of Commode Chair Using a Polyester-based Composite for Elderly Patient

Bamboo stems, a source of fiber/bamboo salts, is a type of natural fiber with a lower density than other natural fibers. Apus bamboo is a type of bamboo having high mechanical strength. Their superior properties have attracted public interest to develop their potential to become advanced and functional materials. A combination of woven apus bamboo slats obtained from Kalisemo village, Purworejo Regency, Indonesia, and woven glass fiber are used as the reinforcing material and fabricated to be the hybrid composite material with a polyester binder mixed with 5% eggshell powder. The ratio of reinforcement and binder is 20: 80 (vol. %). This composite product is used for modification and innovation components in the commode chair product as a medical device for elderly patients. The flexural strength and water absorption tests are conducted on the composite material before use. The commercial commode chair made of wood is modified using the composite and made an innovation by adding right and left handrails to maintain the body balance of elderly patients. Keywords: (bamboo slat, commode chair, composite, glass fiber, polyester).

Performance of Cold-Mix Asphalt with Calcined Eggshell Powder–Activated GGBFS Filler

Performance of Cold-Mix Asphalt with Calcined Eggshell Powder–Activated GGBFS Filler

Utilization of Eggshell By-Products For Calcium Fortification in Various Food Products: Literature Review

The level of production and consumption of chicken eggs in Indonesia continues to increase. This condition will be in line with the amount of eggshell waste that has not been utilized properly. Egg shells are rich in calcium and have the potential to be used as a calcium source in the form of powder or flour through fortification into various foods. As for right now, there is no literature study available that addresses the impact of eggshell powder addition as a calcium fortification affects the characteristics and level of acceptance of various food products This literature review used the scoping review method, and the articles used in this review were obtained through searches using Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and PubMed. The results of this literature review show that eggshell powder is suitable to be added to food products as a source of calcium. Adding eggshell powder can greatly increase the calcium content of a variety of foods. Aroma, taste, and texture are the organoleptic characteristics that are mainly impacted by the addition of eggshell powder. The addition of eggshell powder is generally contradictory to the degree of liking and acceptability of the product. The degree of product acceptance and liking tends to decrease as eggshell powder concentration increases. Thus, it is imperative to perform suitable calculations concerning the highest concentration of eggshell powder applied to preserve the food product's unique qualities and attributes while preventing a decline in the product's degree of acceptance or liking. Keywords: calcium, eggshell, fortification

Use of various sources of calcium in the diets of broiler and its effects on carcass and some meat quality

The study was aimed to assess the impact of adding eggshells as calcium sources in broiler diets on carcass traits, meat quality, and chemical composition ,three hundred one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly designed CRD . Each treatment included five replications and each replicate containing twenty birds. The dietary of first treatment was control (0% eggshell) the second and the third treatments were eggshell powder as a replacement for limestone at 50% and 100%, respectively. .The chickens were fed a basal diet during the starting and finished periods. Ten broilers were chosen randomly from each treatment group and slaughtered at age 42 days to evaluate meat quality. The results showed that no significant differences (p< 0.05) between treatments regarding pre-slaughter in live body weight, carcass weight, and percentage of each carcass cuts weight, as well as immunological organs such as the spleen and bursa. However, a substantial difference in dressing percentage was observed. Except for pH, yellowness, and chroma, no significant differences were noticed in drip loss, cooking loss, lightness, redness, color ,tenderness. Meanwhile, the bird chemical composition treatments had no significant differences in moisture, protein, and ash percentages. However, there was a considerable change in fat %. Except for broilers' pH, yellowness, and chroma, the substitution of eggshell powder for limestone resulted in comparable carcass characteristics, chemical composition, and meat quality. However, there was a significantly differ in fat %. Except for broilers' pH, yellowness, and chroma, the substitution of eggshell powder for limestone resulted in comparable of some carcass characteristics, chemical composition, and meat quality.

Pengembangan smart edible film packaging berbahan konjac dengan ekstrak bunga rosella dan cangkang telur ayam sebagai bahan aktif

Edible film is a thin sheet plastic-like biodegradable film that can be used for food packaging material. Edible film can be developed into smart edible film packaging by combining it with smart packaging principles by adding active ingredients. This research aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of rosella flower extract and chicken eggshell powder on the physicochemical characteristics of smart edible film and its capability to act as smart packaging in a model system. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design with two factors, namely three levels of rosella flower extract concentration and three levels of eggshell powder concentration, all with three replications. The concentration of rosella flower extract used as a treatment in this study was 0 (without rosella flower extract) as a control, 1:15 (w/v of water as solvent), and 1:30 (w/v), while the concentration of eggshell powder used as a treatment in this study was 0 (without eggshell powder) as control; 0.15% (w/v); and 0.30% (w/v). The results showed that the higher the extract concentration added to the formulation, the more the total phenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity would increase. In contrast, the difference in eggshell concentration did not have a significant effect. The tensile strength will increase as the eggshell concentration increases, while the percent elongation will decrease. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) decreased with increasing eggshell concentration. There is an increase in color intensity in smart edible packaging used to store steamed chicken meat. Meanwhile, smart edible packaging can prevent damage to steamed chicken meat in terms of color, aroma, and taste.

Effect of Vinyltrimethoxysilane Surface Treatment and Immersion in Water on the Tensile Behaviors of Eggshells Polyvinyl Chloride Films Prepared by Solution Casting

Films based on polyvinyl chloride and different ratios of untreated and silane-treated eggshell powders were obtained by solution casting. The samples were exposed to water for 25 days. The effect of the degree of filling and filler treatment on the behavior and tensile properties of the compositions was determined and compared to that of the materials before immersion.

Combined Potential of Quarry Waste Fines and Eggshells for the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tobermorite at Varying Cement Content

Quarry waste fines and eggshells are unavoidable wastes which relentlessly contribute to environmental loads and pollution. Although many studies have suggested various methods for recycling, these wastes remain underutilized due to some technical constraints. In addition, no study has yet explored the possibility of combining quarry waste fines (QWF) and eggshell powder (ESP) for tobermorite synthesis. Tobermorite is the main component which primarily provides strength to autoclaved aerated concrete products. With this in mind, this study seeks to evaluate the potential of QWF-ESP mix at 10%, 15%, and 20% amounts of cement, respectively. The XRF, XRD, and TGA–DTA techniques were used to characterize the waste materials, while physical and mechanical property tests and XRD analysis were performed on the autoclaved samples. It was found that QWF contains 53.77% SiO2 and ESP contains 97.8% CaO which are key components for tobermorite synthesis. This study also revealed that the mixture with only 10% cement has the highest compressive strength among the QWF-ESP samples. Furthermore, the formation of tobermorite in the samples was confirmed through XRD analysis. Hence, the hydrothermal curing of QWF-ESP can be further developed to produce functional tobermorite-bearing materials.

Exploring the influence of calcinated eggshell powder on lightweight foamed concrete: A comprehensive study on freshness, mechanical strength, thermal characteristics and transport properties

This research aimed to explore the feasibility of using calcined eggshell powder (CESP) as a substitute for cement in the production of lightweight foamed concrete (LWFC), considering its high calcium content. Ten LWFC mixtures consisting of two densities of 600 kg/m3 and 1200 kg/m3 were produced and tested. Each density comprised mixtures with varying proportions of CESP, ranging from 0% to 20% in increments of 5%. The ES was calcined at 900 °C to convert the CaCO3 into CaO. The fresh, transport, mechanical, microstructural, and thermal properties were investigated. The findings revealed that the slump flow and setting times progressively decreased as the CESP proportion increased. The water absorption, sorptivity and intrinsic air permeability improved steadily as the CESP proportions were increased from 5% to 20%. Additionally, the compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and drying shrinkage went through an initial increase and then a decrease, and the optimal CESP replacement rate was found to be 15%. The 28-days compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths enhancements with 15% CESP replacement were 44.3%, 41.2% and 41.7% and 39.7%, 56.5% and 57.6% for 600 kg/m3 and 1200 kg/m3 densities respectively compared to control mix. Besides, a marginal rise in thermal conductivity and diffusivity was observed as the proportion of CESP increased. Based on the SEM and pore dispersion results, the incorporation of up to 15% CESP into both LWFC densities resulted in an improved microstructure and enhanced pore dispersion, leading to the formation of a greater amount of C–S–H compounds. The findings were substantiated by enhanced mechanical properties, transport characteristics and SEM results.

An Experimental Study on Partial replacement of cement with Egg Shell powder in Concrete.

An Experimental Study on Partial replacement of cement with Egg Shell powder in Concrete.

Effect of eggshell powder on polyvinyl ester composite: A statistical correlation on mechanical strength

AbstractThe present study focuses on day‐by‐day litter discarded cigarette filter fiber (CFF) reinforced polyvinyl ester (VE) composites developed by a compression molding process. Chicken eggshell powder (ESP) is used as a filler material in the matrix phase with different weight percentages (0%, 3%, and 5%). Multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) using Criteria Importance through Inter criteria Correlation (CRITIC) integrated TOmada de Decisao Interativa Multicriterio (TODIM) methodology was used to find the optimal condition for mechanical properties. CFF (50–60 wt%), fiber length (10–20 mm), and filler (0–5 wt%) are selected as process control factors with different levels. The CRITIC‐TODIM optimization results reveal that ESP filler has acted as the dominant parameter in fabricated composites in amplifying the tensile, impact, and flexural properties. The integrated approach reveals that CFF 60 wt%, fiber length 20 mm with ESP 3 wt% combination have the optimal mechanical characteristics. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis indicates that composite developed at optimal conditions exhibits better thermal stability when compared with null ESP filler composite.