Brooding Research Articles

Орлан-белохвост в республике Татарстан – продолжение исследований

Орлан-белохвост в республике Татарстан – продолжение исследований

Effects of the Calls and Presence of Roosters on Egg Incubation Behavior of Nagoya Laying Hens

Effects of the Calls and Presence of Roosters on Egg Incubation Behavior of Nagoya Laying Hens

Стимуляция энергосинтеза в организме куриных эмбрионов при использовании водорастворимой формы убихинона

During the study, the incubation eggs of chicken embryos were treated with solutions of the water-soluble form of ubiquinone under artificial incubation conditions, which caused the manifestation of a number of effects that directly and indirectly indicate the stimulation of energy synthesis. The aim of the experiment was to study the possibility of using a water-soluble form of ubiquinone to stimulate energy synthesis in the organism of chicken embryos. In the course of the study, a wide range of zootechnical (biological control of incubation) and biochemical (registration of key products of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity in plasma and ATP) indicators were studied. The result of the study was an increase in stress resistance and viability of individuals; the hatching of chickens increased by 4,37%, the hatchability of eggs increased by 4,26%. These effects were largely determined by the implementation of ubiquinone as an antioxidant that prevents the development of lipid peroxidation, and also a mobile component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Повышение качества суточных цыплят при применении препарата «АлкоПерит»

In this paper, the results of studying the treatment of incubation eggs with the drug «AlkoPerit» and its effect on the indicators of chicken embryogenesis, egg hatchability, chick hatching, live weight, livestock safety and hematological parameters of broiler chickens of the «Cobb-500» cross are considered. It was found that the use of the drug «AlkoPerit» at a dose of 10 ml / m3 contributed not only to an increase in the hatchability of eggs by 10,7 % and the hatching of chickens by 9.3 %, but also live weight at 30 days of age by 2,2 %, the safety of livestock – 4,0 % and the most complete realization of the genetic potential of the modern broiler chicken cross violating physiological norms according to morphological parameters of blood.

Effect of disinfectants on hatchability and safety of ducklings

High contamination of incubation eggs of waterfowl and, as a consequence, penetration of microorganisms through the shell leads to embryonic mortality, poults weakness, high mortality in the first day of life, so it is important to sanitize eggs immediately after their collection. This article presents the results of using 1.6% hydrogen peroxide solution as a disinfectant for treating incubation duck eggs. The results of microbiological research of washes from the surface of incubation duck eggs, setter air, otoscopy, hatchability and safety of day-old growing are also reflected. During the study, it was found that pre-hatching treatment of duck eggs with 1.6% hydrogen peroxide solution reduced the degree of contamination on the shell surface, hatchability of eggs in the experimental group was higher by 3.1% than in the control group, safety - by 3.6%, respectively.

Training on Cultivation and Production of Manila Duck in a Venture Group of RT. 12, RW. 01 Sukamerindu Village, Bengkulu City

The procurement of Day Old Duck of manila or better known as manila duck seeds is a major problem experienced by joint venture groups owned by RT residents. 12, RW. 01 Kelurahan Sukamerindu (partner) has just started operating and has a limited budget. The production of the partner's manila ducklings is carried out conventionally and is considered very slow and has only 50% hatching success. The use of an egg incubator (incubator egg machine) is considered to be an alternative solution for solving problems experienced by partners. However, the limited knowledge, skills, and experience of group members caused the alternative solution to be delayed. Therefore, the partners asked the service team to provide education, training, practice, and assistance in poultry farming and the application of egg incubators to optimize and accelerate the production of manila duck seeds. The method that will be applied is to provide learning, training, and mentoring with a theoretical and practical approach that includes the basics of poultry farming (Manila ducks), management and care of manila ducks (feed, housing and prevention and overcoming diseases in manila ducks), basics and use of egg incubator and simple egg incubator making. The pre-test and post-test results illustrate that partners have understood the technique of selecting eggs for the hatching process, operating and maintenance techniques for fully automatic egg incubators, and maintenance techniques ranging from DOD to adult manila ducks. The target audience is also equipped with techniques for maintaining ideal cage conditions, main feed, and alternative feed for manila ducks. The mentoring process by the service team continues to be carried out so that the optimization of manila duck production for this joint venture group can be achieved properly.

Подготовка производителей судака (Sander lucioperca Linnaeus, 1758) к нересту, нерест и инкубация икры в условиях экспериментальной нерестовой установки

The article presents the materials on the current state of aquaculture in Russia and in the world, in particular, the biotechnology of breeding and rearing pike-perch in recirculating aquaculture systems. Pike perch (Sander lu-cioperca Linnaeus, 1758) is in high demand among the population. There are shown the results of artificial production of pike-perch offsprings in the experimental spawning units, which make it possible to create the conditions for spawning close to those in the open water bodies. The work included 3 stages: holding pike-perch breeders and preparing them for spawning; spawning; incubation of eggs and prelarvae hatching. Methods for stimulating and spawning pike-perch breeders, as well as a method of eggs incubation in industrial conditions are described. It was demonstrated that all males matured in 24 hours after injection, females ‒ in 28 hours. Incubation of fertilized pike-perch eggs was carried out in the nests of the spawning device. Fertilization of eggs at the stage of gastrulation made 70%. As a result of research work, there have been selected the optimal hydrochemical parameters and fish-breeding and biological characteristics of farming pike-perch spawners, of intensive incubation of eggs under the controlled conditions of a spawning unit. In addition, there have been registered the infectious, parasitic and alimentary diseases, the alternative ways of cure and preventive treatment have been presented. The results of studying the production of pike-perch offsprings in the experimental spawning unit prove the possibility of its using on the industrial scale. The development of a method for reproducing pike-perch in industrial conditions using a special spawning unit will allow obtaining the viable offspring in the controlled environmental conditions.

Loss of function phenotype in chicken embryonic development using the small interfering RNA method

Introduction: The present study was based on the microinjection of lentiviruses into chicken embryos in the laboratory to demonstrate loss function phenotype in chicken embryonic development. Method: This study aims primarily to demonstrate that small interfering RNAs can act effectively on chicken embryonic development by decreasing function of the chicken sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1/endothelial differentiation gene 1 (S1P1/EDG-1) during embryogenesis. In addition, chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were prepared, plasmid gene 3132/PLL3.7 was used with 2XHBS for transfection, virus titer was determined prior to virus microinjection into chicken embryos to see the loss-of-function phenotype. Results: The results obtained after viral microinjection showed that the function of S1P1/EDG-1 gene was progressively reduced from the second day of egg incubation until the fourth day. After the fifth day of incubation, loss of gene function was more marked by bleeding into the embryo sac.

Genotoxic Effects of Exposure to Water-Soluble Fraction of Diesel Fuel in Sand Dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis Gametes.

Pollution of marine areas with oil and oil products is steadily growing. As part of this connection, the study of the impact of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine hydrobionts is an urgent issue of modern ecotoxicology. In our study, the genotoxic effect of the water-soluble fraction of diesel fuel at different concentrations on the gametes of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis was evaluated. It was shown that during the incubation of sperm and eggs of a sand dollar in WAF with an oil hydrocarbon content of 1.32; 2.64; 5.37; 7.92 mg/L caused the destruction of the DNA molecule to varying degrees in both types of gametes. In addition, it has been shown that with an increase in the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in WAF, a large number of cells with a high level of DNA damage appear. The success of fertilization after exposure of gametes to a water-soluble extract of petroleum hydrocarbons was also evaluated. The relationship between an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons in the tested solutions and a decrease in the level of fertilization is shown.

The Implementation of The Internet of Things in The Duck Egg Incubator Monitoring System

Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that creates modernization and makes it easier for humans to carry out their activities. IoT can be used in various fields, especially in monitoring stand-alone devices. This technology can communicate with other devices by utilizing radio waves and data transmission formats. This study aims to apply IoT to the duck egg incubator monitoring system. The method was an experimental method of designing a temperature and humidity monitoring system by implementing IoT. NodeMCU ESP8266 was used as the microcontroller and the DHT22 sensor was used as the temperature and humidity sensor. This study successfully implemented an IoT system in a duck egg incubator. The test results showed that temperature and humidity data can be read on the blynk application on a smartphone. Temperature and humidity in the incubator can be monitored in real time so that the process of monitoring the performance of the duck egg incubator becomes easier and more practical. This is very useful in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the device’s performance.

Embryonic Development and Survival of Siberian Sturgeon × Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii × Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) Hybrids Cultured in a RAS System.

The aim of this study was to describe the selected stages of embryonic development in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) and hybrids of Siberian sturgeons and Russian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii × Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). For this purpose, embryos representing nine distinct developmental stages (stage 1-2.0 hpf, stage 2-5.5 hpf, stage 3-13.0 hpf, stage 4-20.0 hpf, stage 5-24.0 hpf, stage 6-26.0 hpf, stage 7-35.0 hpf, stage 8-55.0 hpf, and, stage 9-160.0 hpf; hpf-hours postfertilization) were sampled from each group (group A, group B, and group C) during incubation. Stages of embryogenesis were identified based on a 30-point scale of embryonic development in sturgeons. A total of 13 developmental stages were identified, including early cleavage, blastula formation, early and late gastrulation, onset of neurulation, beginning of organogenesis, and prelarvae. During gastrulation, the survival of hybrid embryos was highest in group B (93.8%) and lowest in group A (86.7%). Embryonic deformation was not observed during experimental incubation. The archived data relating to the embryonic development of Siberian sturgeon × Russian sturgeon hybrids could be applied to identify the individual stages of embryogenesis in hybrid sturgeons during egg incubation.

Polymorphism of prolactin (PRL) gene exon5 and its association with egg production in IPB-D1 chickens.

The prolactin (PRL) gene regulates the egg production and incubation in laying chickens. Local chickens' reproductive systems will disrupt as a result of the incubation period activity, and they will lay fewer eggs. This study aimed to determine the prolactin gene polymorphism in IPB-D1 hens and its relationship to egg production. The polymorphism of the exon5 prolactin gene was examined on 112 samples of the IPB-D1 chicken DNA collection from the Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, IPB University. By performing the phenol-chloroform method, the genomic DNA was obtained. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product with a size of 557 bp was produced as a result of the DNA amplification. Three single-nucleotide sequences were discovered. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), g.7835A G, g.7886A T, and g.8052T C, were found in exon5 of the PRL gene. Each mutation was polymorphic and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The point mutation g.8052T C significantly impacted the egg production of IPB-D1 chickens, according to the SNP association analysis on egg production, and may serve as a marker to enhance the selection for the features of egg production in IPB-D1 chickens.

Peculiarities of the Nesting Ecology of Some Mass Bird Species in the Conditions of the Fergana Valley

This article is devoted to the features of the nesting ecology of some common bird species in the Fergana Valley. Data on the distribution, distribution by nesting stations, clutch size, oological indicators of eggs, density of incubation of clutches and postembryonic growth and development of chicks of the white stork, green bee-eater, myna, Indian and field sparrow in the anthropogenic landscapes of the valley are given. In the Fergana Valley, the white stork is distributed mainly in settlements, the green bee-eater nests on loess cliffs along the banks of the river of large canals, the myna nests in anthropogenic objects, occupies the nests of rollers, Indian sparrows, the tree sparrow nests in anthropogenic landscapes, rarely in ravines, Indian Sparrow mainly lives in ravines and trees, forming large colonies. The clutch size for storks is on average 4.7, for bee-eater — 5.5, myna — 4.6, field sparrow — 4.5 eggs, Indian sparrow — 3.9 eggs. The density of incubation of eggs in a stork at the beginning of incubation is 96.3%, bee-eaters — 68.0%, myna — 67.7%, field sparrow — 93.1%, Indian sparrow — 92.4%, at the end of incubation, the incubation density changes and is 89.9% for the stork, 94.0% for the green bee-eater, 82.5% for the lane, 98.2% for the field sparrow, and 97.3% for the Indian sparrow.

STRATEGI PENANGKARAN PENYU DI UPTD (KPSDKP) KONSERVASI PENGAWASAN SUMBERDAYA KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

The study was carried out at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (RTIU) Conservation Monitoring of Marine and Fishery Resources (CMOMFS) of West Sumatera Province. The observation was conducted from January 1st to January 30th 2020. Measurements of sand samples in semi-natural nets and water samples in rearing ponds were conducted ex-situ. The research consisted of several parameters such as humidiy, temperature, depth and diameters of semi-natural nets as well as salinity, pH and water temperature of the rearing pond. Based on the observations, it was found that turtle breeding technique consisted of several stages including, monitoring of the coast, ensuring the depth and diameters of nets, incubation of eggs, hatching eggs, taking the hatchlings from semi-natural nets, nursery hatchlings, feeding hatchlings, rearing hatchlings and turtles and realesing hatchlings. The results showed that the value of humadity, temperature, dept and diameter of semi-natural nets respectively ranged between 4% - 6%, 28 - 35 0C, 40-60 cm and 20 cm. Meanwhile, the value of salinity, temperature and pH of rearing pond water ranged between 13 - 14 ppm, 27 - 28 0C and 7-8. The turtle breeding tecniques were in accordance with the guidelines for turtle conservation and had been generally established. The result of turtle rearing pond water quality measurements were in accordance with the water quality standards according to KepMenLH No. 51 in 2004 concerning Seawater Quality Standards, especially for the categoy of Marine Biota.Keywords: Strategy, Conservation, Turtle, CMOMFS

Increased temperature during incubation increases the sociality of male broilers in later life

Egg incubation through artificial means is a highly controlled process, where eggs are held at a fixed air temperature of 37.6 °C. Nevertheless, much research has been conducted on alternative temperature profiles to evaluate their influence on production and welfare traits. Most attention has been paid on increasing temperature as this has been shown to improve heat tolerance in later life. Limited research has been conducted on the effects on animal behavior, although the absence of negative emotions such as fearfulness and the presence of social expression is considered crucial for positive animal welfare as stated by the Welfare Quality® Protocol for Poultry. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of two heat tolerance improving thermal treatments: (T1, +1 °C and T2, +2 °C from embryonic day 15–20) on fearful and social behaviors in later life. A total of 12 pens (4 per treatment) containing 13–14 chickens was reared for 42 days. During this rearing period, post-hatch fearful and social behavior were quantified using seven behavioral tests: an emergence test, a social reinstatement test, an isolation test, a novel arena test, a novel object test, a human stationary and a human approach test. These tests were chosen based on a thorough literature study and repeated 2 or 3 times. The research results showed that social behaviors were affected by the interaction of treatment and gender. Whereas in standard incubation, males have a lower social reinstatement tendency, both treatments changed their behavior. T1 males vocalized more than females during isolation (males: 73 ± 4 calls versus females: 38 ± 2 calls, P < 0.001) and T2 males showed more social motivation during a social reinstatement test compared to C (T2: 121 ± 20 s versus C: 66 ± 25 s, P < 0.05) and T1 (57 ± 27 s, P < 0.05). Finally, an effect of age was found with older birds being less fearful of a novel object and novel environment, but more fearful of an approaching human. Also, they seem more socially driven to contact conspecifics. However, the validity of these age results is questionable as habituation, changing sensory and/or cognitive skills, variance between repeats and possible reduced mobility at an older age could affect the behavioral response over time. In conclusion, increased temperature during incubation conditions can improve heat tolerance in later life, however, sociality is also affected. Both T1 and T2 changed social behaviour. An increased tendency to reinstate contact with conspecifics is found in T2 males than females.

Toxico-pathological effects of ochratoxin A and its diastereoisomer under in ovo conditions and in vitro evaluation of the toxicity of these toxins against the embryo Gallus gallus fibroblast cell line

Herein, we conducted a comparative study on the embryotoxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA) and its diastereomer 2'R-ochratoxin A (2'R-OTA) under in ovo conditions, as well as assess the in vitro embryotoxicity of these substances together with ochratoxin B and α-ochratoxin, using chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryo cell lines. In ovo tests involved egg incubation of 8 different groups (i.e., control "0"-no puncture or injection (standard incubation); "00"-punctured eggs without injection; "OTA 0.25," "OTA 0.50," "OTA 0.75," "2'R-OTA 0.25," "2'R-OTA 0.50," "2'R-OTA 0.75"-eggs containing OTA or 2'R-OTA at 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 µg/egg concentration, respectively). The results confirmed OTA's impact on early and late embryo mortality, where chick hatchability decreased with increasing toxin dosage. Both OTA and 2'R-OTA demonstrated embryotoxicity, however, in the case of the highest OTA diastereomer dose, nearly 11% higher chick hatchability was observed compared with the group that received OTA. 2'R-OTA dosage did not reduce parameters chick quality compared to chicks hatched from control group eggs. OTA concentrations were higher than 2'R-OTA detected in chicken organs such as liver and kidney, whereas 2'R-OTA concentrations were higher in blood serum and heart. The presented studies highlighted the differences in the ability to accumulate toxins in certain organs, which, to a certain extent, may affect the potential toxicity on individual organs. Additionally, during in vitro tests, when assessing the cytotoxic effects of OTA and its analogues toward the chicken embryonic cell line in an MTT assay, the cell metabolic activity was inhibited to a comparable extent at 27-times higher concentration of 2'R-OTA than OTA (0.24 µM). Also, comparably lower toxicity was attributed to the remaining OTA derivatives.

Insecticidal Activity of Medicinal Plant, Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) on Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The insecticidal and repellent properties of essential oil and powder forms of Schinus molle were evaluated on Tribolium confusum in laboratory conditions. As a result of the studies, it was revealed that the average lifespan of T. confusum was 30±2 days. Egg incubation period was 10 days while the fecundity was 78 eggs/female. Sex ratio was observed as 1.06 female/male. In vitro insecticidal tests showed that the essential oil of S. molle was more effective with a mortality rate of 100% in 24 hours. The adults (males and females) of T. confusum survived for less than 24 hours in powder of S. molle. The repellence test of the essential oil provided variable levels of protection ranging from 78% to 100%.

PEMBUATAN DEMPLOT SISTEM PEMANAS KADANG INDUKAN DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN ENERGI PANAS TERBUANG DARI INKUBATOR PENETAS TELUR PUYUH

Eggs and quail meat are in great demand by the public because they have high nutritional value and affordable prices. Consumption of eggs and quail in Ciamis Regency continues to increase. increased consumption should be followed by egg and quail production. To meet these needs, it is necessary to manufacture a quail egg incubator (incubator) so that the egg hatching process is relatively easier and more practical with better hatching results. This service aims to provide training for the manufacture of demonstration plots for the heating system of the quail broodstock cage by utilizing the wasted heat from the incubator. In addition, it can also provide training and skills for making quail egg incubators with a capacity of 50 eggs so that hatching eggs is relatively easier and more practical with better hatching results.&#x0D; The service activity was carried out by providing counseling about raising quail eggs, then continued by providing training and skills in making an egg incubator (incubator) then the next stage providing skills in making demonstration plots of the heating system for quail egg brooders by utilizing the wasted heat from the incubator.&#x0D; The results of the service that have been carried out are as follows quail farmers in Sandingtaman Village have skills in making egg incubators (incubators) and making quail egg cages by utilizing wasted heat from the incubator. The results of the activity of one quail egg incubator that can be used by farmers

Influence of egg storage time, position and turning on egg weight loss, embryonic mortality and hatching traits in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of storage length (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), turning frequency (0, 1 and 24 times per day) and egg position (pointed end up, blunt end up and horizontal) on egg weight loss during storage and incubation; hatchling chick weight, incubation length and hatchability results in 56-week-old chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). A total of 1800 daily collected eggs was assigned to 36 subgroups (4 × 3 × 3 experimental design) consisting of 50 eggs for each subgroup. Progressive decrease in egg weights and increase in egg weight loss during storage was observed with the lengthening of storage period (p < .001). Prominent effects were observed in total egg weight loss rate and incubation length when the eggs were stored more than 21 days (p < .001). The highest hatchling chick weights were observed in horizontal eggs stored for 7 days (p < .001). Most indices of hatching results showed detrimental effects when turning wasn’t applied and the eggs were stored with the position of blunt end up. General recommendations from the hatching results showed that chukar eggs can be stored up to 21 days of storage length irrespective of turning and egg position. If the chukar eggs are to be stored more than 21 days, turning should be implemented and the eggs should be placed with the position of pointed end up for optimum hatching results. HIGHLIGHTS Due to their chicks’ valuability, partridge eggs are aimed to be incubated. In addition, scientific studies of egg hatching assessment under different conditions during storage period are lacking. For these reasons, the study was carried out to determine optimum conditions of storage in chukar eggs. The present results revealed that storing the chukar eggs with the position of pointed end up till 21st days improves the quality of the eggs. If the storage length is to exceed 21 days, the eggs should be turned at least once a day and placed with the position of pointed end up.

Training Needs Assessment of Poultry Farmers: Borich Training Need Analysis

Poultry is very important livelihood component for the rural people. For eff ective and effi cient poultry farming latest technologies are needed. In this regards farmer need to be trained. Past researches revealed that poultry farmers are facing many problems due to lack of information, education on many aspects. Thus, training is necessary to transmit the information and change the behavior of rural people towards poultry farming. Keeping this in view, a study was taken up on Training Need Assessment (TNA) of poultry farmers in poultry rearing practices. Present research study was conducted in GBPUA&amp;T, Pantnagar. Total 120 respondents were selected. Descriptive research design was used. It was observed that majority of farmers were middle age group, educated upto Intermediate level having medium family size and belonged to medium income group. Majority of farmers have medium level poultry farming experiences and medium level of mass media exposure and information seeking behavior. Results also revealed that culling and selection of birds, feeding and watering management, bird, meat and egg marketing, incubation and hatching, fi nance and loan facilities, vaccination and preventive measures are some of the perceived training needs of poultry farmers.