Egg Sales Research Articles

Trends in Urban Wild Meat Trade of Chelonians (Turtles and Tortoises) in the Peruvian Amazon

Culturally, chelonians are important sources of nutrition and income for rural and urban people in tropical rainforests, but urban trade can cause declines in wild populations. This study analyses the urban chelonian trade and its trends to better understand the impact on free-living populations in the Northern Peruvian Amazon. We studied the urban trade of wild chelonians by conducting 526 days of participant observation and structured questionnaires with the main chelonian vendors in the wet markets of Iquitos between 2006 and 2018. The trade of chelonians decreased by −161.6%, from 22,694 individuals in 2006/07 to 8657 individuals in 2017/18. Chelonoidis denticulatus was the species sold the most (86.3%), followed by Podocnemis unifilis (13.6%). Podocnemis expansa was only sold in 2006/07. River turtle sales increased in the dry season, while sales of Chelonoidis denticulatus decreased. Turtles were the most expensive meat sold in urban markets: 49.7% more expensive than the most frequently consumed fish, Prochilodus nigricans, and 48.4% more expensive than poultry. Turtles represented only 0.19% (SD 0.23) of the index of domestic meat and fish consumption per capita. River turtle eggs are sold by a different set of vendors, and in 2017/18, 570,229 eggs were traded in the market of Belén in Iquitos, equivalent to an approximate lay of 10,418 P. unifilis and 1178 P. expansa females. The high magnitude of the trade of river turtle eggs together with the reduction in their meat trade suggests a prioritization of egg sales, which should improve the conservation of adults, since meat sales can be detrimental to chelonian populations.

The awareness and behaviour’s farmer towards highly pathogenic avian influenza prevention in Tra Vinh, Vietnam

Disease outbreaks are partly the direct result of the expansion of poultry flocks. To understand farmers’ behaviours, their awareness of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), the study was con ducted. A total of 150 farms in three districts of Tra Vinh Province were included. Purposive sampling was used to choose respondents who have at least 20 poultry heads and a three-year operation. Descrip tive and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze data. The findings indicated that most farm ers (65.3%) were males with an average age of 50 years. Farmers received < $100/month from poultry production. The farm scale of poultry business was less than 100 heads per farmer, and birds were reared traditionally, using by-products, floor feeding, and no automatic watering systems. Selling broil ers dominated, whereas egg sales were uncommon and were generally reserved for domestic use. In addition, farmers were aware of HPAI prevention (>90% were, poor knowledge that was not validat ed). Additionally, farmers' awareness significantly increased by the enhancement in education, training, income, and full-time employment at poultry farms. It can be concluded that the small-scale poultry farming employs traditional practices with a keen awareness of infectious diseases. However, to raise farmers' awareness, strategies should concentrate on profession, education, training, and income.

White Isthmus Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Translucent Eggshell Formation.

The presence of translucent eggshells is a type of egg quality issue that impacts egg sales. While many researchers have studied them, the exact mechanisms behind their formation remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a transcriptomic differential expression analysis of the isthmus region of the oviduct in both normal egg- and translucent egg-laying hens. The analysis revealed that differentially expressed gene pathways were predominantly concentrated in the synthesis, modification, and transport of eggshell membrane proteins, particularly collagen proteins, which provide structural support. These findings suggest that variations in the physical structure of the eggshell membrane, resulting from changes in its chemical composition, are the fundamental cause of translucent eggshell formation. This research provides a theoretical reference for reducing the occurrence of translucent eggs.

Comparison of Economic Feasibility of Different Chicken Genotypes Under On-Station Condition

The main objective of this study was to compare the economic feasibility of Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂Improved Horro*Cosmopolitan♀ (HC), and ♂Cosmopolitan*Improved Horro♀ (CH) in reference to Indigenous (L) and Koekoek (KK) genotypes. The study employed a completely randomized design, with a total of 180 samples (36/genotype) for egg sales, 54 samples (9/genotype) for live bird sales, and 36 samples (6/genotype) for meat sales. Each genotype's eggs, live birds, and meat sales were triplicate. All data were analyzed using the GLM model in SAS Software. At 8–24weeks, KK had the highest feed intake (AFI8–24) compared to HC, CH, and C; nevertheless, L had the lowest next to H. At 8–52 weeks, KK, CH, and HC hens had the highest feed intake (AFI8–52), whereas L, H and C hens had the lowest. L had the lowest meat yield (MYD) next to H, but the KK had the highest between 8 and 24 weeks followed by the HC, CH, and C. Live genotypes and meats sales showed that KK had the highest costs (TC1) and meat sales (TC2) followed by HC, CH and C, but the lowest for H and L. KK had the lowest total live sale return (TR1), whereas H had the highest followed by L, CH, HC, and C.L had the lowest total meat sale return (TR2), while KK had the highest followed by HC, CH, C, and H.L hen had the lowest total egg sale return (TR3) followed by C, while the highest was achieved by CH hen followed by H, KK and HC.H had the highest live net return (NR1) followed by L, CH, C, and HC, while KK had the lowest. Meat net return (NR2) was the lowest for L and the highest for KK followed by HC, CH, C, and H. H had the highest net return of egg sales (NR3) followed by CH, C, KK, and HC, but L had negatively least. H registered the highest cost-benefit ratio (TR1/TC1vs.TR3/TC3) compared to other genotypes (live chicken and eggs). KK showed the highest cost-benefit ratio (TR2/TC2) followed by HC, CH, C and H, whereas L had the lowest for meat. In conclusion, the net return and cost-benefit ratio for live genotypes, meats and eggs were notably positive and feasible except L had (for egg case) negative net return and cost-benefit ratio.

Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella and Escherichia coli Isolates Obtained from Garden Eggs Sold in Abakaliki Metropolis: Insights into Susceptibility Patterns

This investigation aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Salmonella species and Escherichia coli isolated from 100 garden egg samples obtained from diverse vendors in Abakaliki. Samples were transported to the Department of Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, for analysis. Organisms were isolated and identified using standard microbiological techniques, while their antibiotic susceptibility was assessed through the disc diffusion method. Results indicated a prevalence of 60% for Salmonella species and 80% for E. coli among the analyzed samples. The antibiotic susceptibility testing unveiled alarming resistance patterns: Salmonella species displayed complete resistance (100%) to meropenem, perfloxacin, colistin, aztreonam, neomycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and ofloxacin, with only 16.67% susceptibility to streptomycin. Similarly, E. coli isolates exhibited 87.5% susceptibility solely to ofloxacin and 12.5% to chloramphenicol, while showcasing absolute resistance (100%) to other antibiotics tested. This study underscores the role of garden egg sales and consumption in facilitating the widespread dissemination of multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens within the region. It emphasizes the urgent need for stringent adherence to hygienic practices among garden egg and other fruit vendors as a crucial preventive measure to curb this escalating threat. Keywords: Garden eggs, Salmonella species, E. coli, antibiotic resistance

Efforts to Improve the Competitiveness of Chicken Egg Sales

In this research, the background is that there is a lot of competition between entrepreneurs, especially in attracting consumer interest in products so that they can increase their business competitiveness. One way is to implement a marketing strategy. The marketing strategy must be structured effectively in order to be able to create the right strategy as a top priority in the business being carried out in order to maintain the company's existence. The focus of this research is to find out the implementation of the marketing strategy for the Chicken Egg Business in Kuncen Hamlet in increasing the competitiveness of SMEs, to find out the obstacles encountered in implementing the marketing strategy for the Chicken Egg Business in Kuncen Hamlet in increasing the competitiveness of SMEs. The type of research used is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The method used in data collection is the method of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the research show that the marketing strategy used by the Chicken Egg Business is to segment the market, target market, market position, and marketing mix; there are obstacles that affect the marketing strategy in the Chicken Egg Business; The marketing strategy carried out by the Chicken Egg Business has been quite effective in terms of increasing production and sales from year to year.

Crossbred poultry adoption and impact: Evidence from Ethiopia

Growing efforts to achieve improved family poultry signify the importance of adoption and livelihood impact studies of crossbred poultry in Ethiopia. We employ the second panel Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey (ESS) to study the determinants of crossbred poultry adoption and its significance for household well-being. Results show that female poultry managers, constrained in other productive livelihood options, are more likely to adopt crossbred poultry. Households that are relatively wealthier in terms of human resources, assets, and dwelling conditions are more inclined to adopt crossbred poultry. Access to advisory services, experience with other crossbred animals, and the size of the agricultural land are among other significant determinants. Concerning well-being outcomes, crossbred poultry adoption increases egg sales and revenue. The sample does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude any impact on food, non-food consumption, or investment in children's human capital. Predicted revenue from an extra layer chicken in crossbreed adopting households triples the predicted revenue from egg sales in local breed keeping households. Increasing average flock size twice by crossbred birds could generate an annual revenue equal to at least 10% of yearly consumption expenditure. These results suggest that flock sizes in rural family poultry production should be increased with more crossbred birds to sustain livelihoods significantly.

Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna Mesin Pengaduk Pakan Puyuh dengan Metode Horizontal Screw Rotary System di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Muncar

Some of the problems with quails are the price of feed, quails die when laying eggs, and mixing feed manually, so that egg sales cannot cover the cost of feed. The solution offered through this service program is to apply a horizontal screw type mixer machine and provide training on optimal feed composition to reduce the number of quail deaths when laying eggs and increase the number of egg production by evenly mixing the feed. The pre-implementation of this service began with a survey to partner locations in Kedungrejo Village, Muncar, Banyuwangi to discuss the problems of partner and their solutions. The application, operational assistance, and maintenance of a 125 kg capacity mixer machine are carried out in the implementation of the service, as well as training in making optimal feed compositions. The uses of this machine slightly reduce the financial benefits, but it is very helpful in terms of energy and time in mixing the feed, so there are more positive sides with the use of this machine.

SOSIALISASI PENGOLAHAN TELUR ASIN AYAM RAS DI DESA MARGO LESTARI, KECAMATAN JATI AGUNG KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

Margo Lestari Village is a village with potential as a laying hen farming center. This can be seen from the people who raise laying hens. However, the high egg production in the village is not matched by egg sales or marketing. This results in the production of eggs that can rot before being utilized or consumed because eggs have a fairly short shelf life. Thus, it is hoped that this service activity can increase the income of farmers through improving the quality of salted egg products from laying hen eggs in Margo Lestari Village. This counseling activity uses the lecture method and question and answer section. Extension activities were carried out on Wednesday, October 26, 2022 at 09.00 to 12.30 WIB at the Margo Lestari Village Hall, Jati Agung District, South Lampung Regency. The socialization was attended by 20 people, most of whom were breeders. After carrying out community service activities, it can be concluded that there are several things obtained by farmers as participants, namely increasing knowledge related to processing poultry farm products into salted eggs to increase the selling price and shelf life of production eggs in an effort to increase the economic value of farmers. Keywords: Processed Livestock Products, Economic Value, Egg Storability

Good eggs

Good eggs

A Crisis in National Unity?: The Chicken and Egg War, 1970–1971

This article examines the now largely forgotten, but then important, “Chicken and Egg War” of 1970–71. The chicken and egg war began when the Quebec government established the Fédération des producteurs d’œufs de consommation du Québec (FPOCQ) in 1970, a marketing board that began to restrict the price, grading, and sale of all eggs in Quebec, including egg imports from other provinces. The new board disrupted egg sales in Manitoba and Ontario, and it was not long before a series of legislative retaliations among the provinces took place, including strict import controls on broiler chickens and eggs and the seizure of out-of-province produce. Although predominantly contained to the neighbouring provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, this event was significant because it resulted in appeals to the Supreme Court of Canada, claims made concerning the rights of provinces vis-à-vis the federal government, and the restriction of agricultural goods, in this case, poultry and eggs, across provincial boundaries. This episode also had serious political ramifications, including fractured relationships among farmers, consumers, other industry stakeholders, and politicians and heightened tensions surrounding the legality and authority of provincial agricultural marketing boards. Ultimately, this “war” provided a significant impetus for the federal government to establish a national system of supply management in the egg and poultry sectors, a system that remains today.

RISKS SOURCES AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES IN POULTRY (EGG) PRODUCTION IN THE AGRARIAN COMMUNITIES OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Poultry farming provides rich source of animal protein and contributes significantly to food security among Nigeria households. However, the poultry sector is largely vulnerable to risk conditions, ranging from natural events, climate disturbances, and human lapses resulting in tumultuous performances of the poultry enterprise. This study was carried out in the agrarian suburb of Lagos State, Nigeria to determine the dominant risk sources in the poultry egg sector, and the determinants of mitigation strategy adoption among egg farmers. Primary data were obtained in a crosssectional survey of 125 poultry egg farmers drawn by multi-stage random sampling across major communities in the study area, and were analysed by both descriptive and quantitative techniques. A risk behavioural model (RBM) was used to estimate the determinants of farmers’ adoption of specific mitigation strategies. From the findings, 62% of the respondents were male, married (64%), formally educated (74%), and of mean age and household size 40 ± 15 years and 4 ± 2 persons, respectively. Average farmer’s flock size was 524 ± 327 layers, 6 ± 5 average years of farming experience, and average gross income of N1,490,000/production cycle. The identified risk factors (response scores and survival propensities in parentheses) were; disease epidemic shocks (1.82, 44.67%); egg glut shocks (1.85, 39%); adverse weather shocks (2.01, 53%); and input price instability shocks (2.21, 60%). Identified lead risk mitigation strategies were strict adherence to routine vaccination regime; advance egg sales arrangement; proper timing/frequency of bird stocking, and advance/wholesale inputs purchase arrangements. Findings from the study established that medically disenfranchised (2.974; p<0.01) and non-remotely located farms (1.682 p><0.1) had higher propensity for routine vaccination/drugs administration to mitigate disease outbreak. Likewise, experienced farmers (2.780; p><0.01) operating farms with less capital-based assets (2.655; p><0.01) would more likely adopt advance sales arrangement to mitigate egg glut shock. With better human skills development (2.173; p><0.05), poultry farmers would likely engage proper timing for birds stocking to mitigate the effect of adverse weather condition on their farms. To enhance farmers’ timely access to major inputs (feeds, drugs and stocks) for a sustainable poultry egg industry in the study area, localisation of farms within policy-regulated areas and proximity to input supply firms were recommended.

Enhancing Household Food and Income Security Through Improved Indigenous Poultry Production: An Evidence From Kenya

Over the years, the importance of indigenous chicken has increased, with most organizations recognizing it as a vital industry for resource-poor farmers. However, the industry has experienced several problems due to poor and uneconomical returns. The Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), former Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), has been on the forefront of research in order to improve productivity of indigenous chicken. The KARI improved chicken technology has been promoted in wide agro-ecologies to curb the problem of poor productivity. KALRO, through the Korean Program for International Cooperation in Agricultural Technology (KOPIA) project, has been using this technology in two model villages namely Machakos and Kiambu for the past five years. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of KARI improved chicken technology on food and household income. It is reported that 59% Machakos and 39% Kiambu farmers adopted this technology which as a result increased the adoption rate from 2% in 2008 to 59% in 2016. However, the adoption rate dropped in 2017 and started to rise again in 2018. In 2018, the number of eggs sold in both counties increased drastically, with Machakos experiencing the highest rise of 963% while Kiambu recording a 230% rise each month. This rise was mainly to the introduction of the improved KALRO chicken technique which laid between 180 and 250 eggs per year. This resulted in higher food and household revenue from egg sales. These findings demonstrated that the KARI improved chicken technology has enhanced household food and economic security.

Effect of COVID-19 on the marketing of eggs: case of egg layer projects during the pandemic in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa

The government of South Africa assisted beneficiaries with the establishment of projects to help alleviate poverty and create jobs in the country. Several projects were established amongst them: broiler production, vegetable production, and egg layer production. The focus of this study is on egg layer production. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the marketing of eggs in the Vhembe district of Limpopo province, South Africa. In this study, the research design, which involved investigating the effect of COVID-19 on the marketing of eggs during the pandemic in the Vhembe district, using qualitative and explorative research was employed. The study employed focus group discussions where 7 members of the project from a total of 3 projects were interviewed. Egg layer projects have experienced a market loss of eggs during the past three months, structured interviews were also carried out with 1 extension officer in the college of agriculture who is responsible for conducting training and monitoring of such projects. The coded data were then analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22). The egg layer projects were facing the low market return of egg sales because of competition with commercial farmers who bring the stock to the local market. In conclusion, it is presumed that the results of this study would lead to informed decisions by the department of agriculture in terms of arranging markets and making sure that the commercial farmers do not compete with the projects in terms of prices of eggs.

Effect of COVID-19 on the Marketing of Eggs: Case of Egg Layer Projects during the Pandemic in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa

ABSTRACT The government of South Africa assisted beneficiaries with the establishment of projects to help alleviate poverty and create jobs in the country. Several projects were established amongst them: broiler production, vegetable production, and egg layer production. The focus of this study is on egg layer production. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the marketing of eggs in the Vhembe district of Limpopo province, South Africa. In this study, the research design, which involved investigating the effect of COVID-19 on the marketing of eggs during the pandemic in the Vhembe district, using qualitative and explorative research was employed. The study employed focus group discussions where 7 members of the project from a total of 3 projects were interviewed. Egg layer projects have experienced a market loss of eggs during the past three months, structured interviews were also carried out with 1 extension officer in the college of agriculture who is responsible for conducting training and monitoring of such projects. The coded data were then analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22). The egg layer projects were facing the low market return of egg sales because of competition with commercial farmers who bring the stock to the local market. In conclusion, it is presumed that the results of this study would lead to informed decisions by the department of agriculture in terms of arranging markets and making sure that the commercial farmers do not compete with the projects in terms of prices of eggs.

Analysis of rural egg production to improve the economy of the Andean communities in Ecuador

Background: An economically active population refers to people involved in any economic activity, such as agriculture, livestock, or industry. This activity can supply benefits to its owners and may generate the growth of small businesses. Our study presents a qualitative analysis of the egg production in Ecuadorian Andean communities (Tzimbuto, Bayushig "La Liberad," and La Victoria "Pusuca.") Methods: Analysis was performed using a random sample of 81 hens and 29 eggs obtained from 65 producers, belonging to 50 farming families at the Utopia Community Fair. Zoometric characterization of the hens was carried out according to FAO protocols, and egg yolk quality, egg width and weight, and egg shell weight and thickness were calculated. The 65 producers were interviewed to answer questions pertaining to selling eggs, costs of production, and realized profit. The profit/cost indicator was calculated from the ratio of expenditure (egress) and total revenue of egg sales. Results: 84% of surveyed participants indicated that they purchase eggs for their nutritional value, 12% because the animals are raised with organic food, and 4% showed preference for the eggs’ special flavor. The quality analysis of the eggs sold at the Fair demonstrated that the average weight of the eggs was 47.24 g; the length was 55.24 mm; and the width was 41.66 mm; weight and thickness of the shell were 4.90 g and 0.42 mm, respectively. The color of the yolk had a brightness of 57.62 L*, 5.53 a* for red/green tones and 47.15 b* for yellow/blue tones. The costs to produce the eggs for the Fair was US$0.21 with a profit/cost of US$0.04 per egg; the unit sale price is US$0.25. Conclusions: 84% of surveyed participants indicated that they purchase eggs for their nutritional value, revealing the need to train the communities toward more efficient egg production.

Safe or Not? Consumer Responses to Recalls with Traceability

AbstractProduct traceability is advocated as a way to target non‐compliant products in recalls and protect the sales of compliant products. Using a large scanner‐level dataset from a national grocery chain and a difference‐in‐differences approach, we test whether consumers in California reduced egg purchases after three consecutive egg recalls during the 2010 Salmonella outbreak. In a setting where contaminated eggs could be traced to the box level, leaving no contaminated eggs in stores, we find a 7% to 9% reduction in egg sales following the recalls. The effect lasted at least three months. We find no evidence of overall substitution toward “greener” types of eggs, such as organic eggs. Finally, although the national grocery chain had contaminated eggs only in Northern California, we find reductions in egg sales in Southern Californian stores as well. Our results show that, even with traceability, consumers’ responses to recalls can negatively affect the sales of compliant products.

ANALISA USAHA PETERNAKAN AYAM PETELUR SISTEM CLOSED HOUSE DI ROSSA FARM DESA KENDALREJO KECAMATAN SRENGAT KABUPATEN BLITAR

This research was conducted at laying hens Rossa Farm,Blitar regency. The objective of the research is to know how big the profit and feasibility level at laying hens Rossa Farm by using cage with closed house system in terms of economic analysis. Based on the calculation of profits in economic analysis of laying hens Rossa Farm value of R/C ratio 2017 is 1.11. While the BEP results and prices for the year 2017 is 2,015,022.1 kg and Rp. 15.425,89,-. The margin of safety value of whole egg sales in 2017 that is 10,41%. While the result of business feasibility calculation NVP value obtained from the farming business of laying hens Rossa Farm is Rp. 2.14.131.163,9,- and the IRR value obtained is 20,13% or more than the 12% discount rate, then this business is feasible to run. Keywords : Closed house system, economic analysis.

ANALISA USAHA PETERNAKAN AYAM PETELUR SISTEM CLOSED HOUSE DI ROSSA FARM DESA KENDALREJO KECAMATAN SRENGAT KABUPATEN BLITAR

This research was conducted at laying hens Rossa Farm,Blitar regency. The objective of the research is to know how big the profit and feasibility level at laying hens Rossa Farm by using cage with closed house system in terms of economic analysis. Based on the calculation of profits in economic analysis of laying hens Rossa Farm value of R/C ratio 2017 is 1.11. While the BEP results and prices for the year 2017 is 2,015,022.1 kg and Rp. 15.425,89,-. The margin of safety value of whole egg sales in 2017 that is 10,41%. While the result of business feasibility calculation NVP value obtained from the farming business of laying hens Rossa Farm is Rp. 2.14.131.163,9,- and the IRR value obtained is 20,13% or more than the 12% discount rate, then this business is feasible to run. Keywords : Closed house system, economic analysis.

ANALISIS MARGIN OF SAFETY USAHA PETERNAKAN PUYUH “MERRYLAND” DI DESA KALI KECAMATAN PINELENG KABUPATN MINAHASA

ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF SAFETY MARGIN ON “MERRYLAND” QUAIL POULTRY FARM AT KALI VILLAGE PINELENG DISTRICT OF MINAHASA REGENCY. The purpose of this study was to determine the break-even point of "Merryland" quail poultry farm and to determine the margin of safety of this farm. The research location was at the "Merryland" quail poultry farm on Kali village Pineleng district of Minahasa regency, with the consideration that the venture is a private farm enterprise. This farm enterprise had been operated more than 3 years. The number of birds held were 5000 chicken quail. This study was conducted during one month from December 10, 2016 to January 10, 2017. The method was applied using the case study method, in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were using data obtained from interviews with the respondents through a list of questions that had been provided. Secondary data were obtained using variables at the office related to research data, including the Village Office, District Office, and Office of the Department of Agriculture / Animal Husbandry. Based on the survey, results indicated that quail poultry farm of "Merryland" had reached breakeven sales of 690,732 quail eggs or on sale of IDR259,589,665. If the breeder declined in egg sales, the number of eggs tolerated of farmers not sufferin economic losses were 58.8% of the total sales. Keywords : Quail, Margin Of Safety