Egg Diet Research Articles

Acute Effects of Whole Egg Consumption on Circulating MicroRNAs in Sprague Dawley Animals (P15-001-19)

ObjectivesMicroRNAs, small ∼22 nt non-coding RNAs, have a functional role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. We have shown that whole egg-based diets reduce weight gain despite increased food intake compared to casein-based diets in Zucker-Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. We hypothesized that the microRNA content of whole egg may underlie the differential impact on weight gain in ZDF rats.Our first objective was to characterize the circulating microRNA content in response to feeding whole egg-based diets over an 8 hour period. Our second objective was to identify and characterize the microRNAs present in whole egg- and casein-based diets. MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats (n = 12; 6 weeks of age) were meal-trained to consume 4 grams of feed in one hour. After one week of meal-training, animals were fasted overnight for 10 hours (h) with water ad libitum followed by controlled feeding of either an AIN93G casein-based diet or isocaloric AIN93G diet containing whole egg (20% egg protein, w/w). At 8 weeks of age, serum was collected via the tail vein at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h following refeeding. Serum microRNA was extracted using a RNA SPLIT kit and prepared for sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 3000 using a smallRNA Library Prep. Five RNA extraction methods were tested on 6 samples of each diet: 1) Trizol (Invitrogen), 2) Trizol + Directzol (Zymogen), 3) Trizol followed by a second extraction using a fatty acid RNA extraction kit (Norgen), 4) mirPremier (Sigma-Aldrich), 5) ISOLATE II RNA (Bioline). RNA 260/280 ratios were assessed via Nanodrop and RNA integrity was assessed on an Agilent Bioanalyzer. ResultsThe greatest total RNA recovery (ng/μL) and most accurate 260/280 absorbance ratios were achieved using Trizol. The following concentrations of extracted RNA and their respective ratios (means ± SD) were achieved for each dietary component: casein diet (460.9 ± 528.1; 1.56 ± 0.12) and whole egg diet (394.3 ± 292.8; 1.55 ± 0.16), whole egg (73.4 ± 20.3; 1.15 ± 0.23), corn oil (67.5 ± 20.0; 1.41 ± 0.04), and cornstarch (247.12 ± 110.34; 1.64 ± 0.13). Total RNA recovered from the diets had an RNA integrity number (RIN) of 0 and microRNA concentrations were undetected. ConclusionsDespite successful total RNA recovery from the diets, all samples had a RIN value of 0, which is not optimal for downstream sequencing. Currently, microRNAs from plasma are being sequenced to determine if varying diets had differential effects on circulating microRNA expression. Funding SourcesPresidential Interdisciplinary Research Seed Grant Program, Iowa State University.

Impact of 3 Eggs/day on the Plasma Lipidome of Young, Healthy Adults (OR19-04-19)

ObjectivesIntake of eggs and other lipid-rich foods has been a controversial topic for many years. However, some studies support the notion that regular intake of eggs and other lipid-rich foods does not increase biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and may even promote reductions in disease risk. Despite this consensus, the effect of such lipid-rich foods on plasma concentrations of other lipid metabolites remains unexamined. MethodsTo assess the impact of egg intake on these lipid metabolites, plasma from a previous study of egg intake (n = 35, 19M/18F, age 24.1 ± 2.2 yrs, with no lipid disorders) was obtained for analysis. Original samples were collected following a 0 egg/day washout period and 4-week intake of 3 eggs/day. Targeted lipidomic analysis by direct infused tandem MS using differential mobility spectrometry (Lipidyzer, Sciex) was used to identify and quantitate plasma lipid species. ResultsLipidomic analysis quantified 739 lipid species in 13 different lipid classes. After summing individual species, only 1 of the 13 lipid classes (phosphatidylethanolamines) was significantly different (elevated) with egg consumption (p = 0.048). When applying a multiple testing correction, 62 lipid species were higher in plasma after egg consumption, and 34 were lower (P < 0.05). There were 643 lipid molecular species unchanged with egg consumption. Multivariate models were not able to be developed to distinguish when subjects were on the 0 egg vs. 3 egg diets. ConclusionsThis study marks the first report of the total plasma lipidome in response to egg consumption. Approximately 13% of the lipid species detected were significantly changed with 3 egg/day intake though modeling approaches failed to differentiate between subjects on the two diets. These data are useful for contextualizing the global effects of egg consumption on plasma lipids in humans. Funding SourcesEgg Nutrition Center, Foods for Health, a focus area of the Discovery Themes at The Ohio State University, National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute.

Consumption of Whole Eggs Promotes Insulin Sensitivity in Db/db Mice (OR34-01-19)

ObjectivesChicken eggs have a high nutrient density. Some country guidelines recommend that people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) limit their consumption of eggs due to its high cholesterol content. However, several clinical studies showed that egg intake is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. In the current study, we sought to explore whether egg consumption improves insulin sensitivity and subsequent blood glucose management in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. MethodsSix-week-old male db/db mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, 10 kCal % from fat) or LFD supplemented with 1% whole eggs (Egg) for 8 weeks. At the termination of the study, mice were fasted for 3 hrs prior to euthanization. Blood and other tissues were collected for laboratory assessments. Plasma metabolic parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines were monitored by a clinical analyzer and ELISA, respectively. Hepatic and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory activity was assessed by a Seahorse XFe Analyzer. Hepatic gene expression was analyzed by transcriptomics and confirmed by real-time PCR and/or Western blot. ResultsEgg consumption significantly increased body weight gain, lowered fasting blood glucose, insulin, and IL-6 levels, and elevated total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and GLP-1 levels. Only the basal mitochondrial respiratory activity was decreased, and the complex II respiratory activity was increased in gastrocnemius muscles in mice fed Egg. Hepatic mitochondrial activity was not altered by diet. Mechanistically, transcriptomics results revealed that hepatic genes involved in enhanced insulin sensitivity were highly expressed, but genes in endogenous cholesterol synthesis were significantly suppressed after egg consumption. ConclusionsThe results suggest that egg consumption is beneficial to blood glucose control in type 2 diabetic mice. Type 2 diabetic animal could manage the cholesterol level through suppression of de novo cholesterol synthesis when consuming a high cholesterol diet, e.g., egg diet. Funding SourcesNational egg nutrition center grant USDA NIFA grant

How are maternal dietary patterns and maternal/fetal cytokines associated with birth weight? A path analysis.

The aim of the study was to investigate how maternal dietary patterns and maternal/fetal cytokines are associated with birth weight and whether cytokines mediate the association. A total of 469 pregnant women and their children were recruited for this prospective study. Dietary patterns in pregnancy were identified using factor analysis of data from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Maternal and umbilical blood serum cytokines (adiponectin (APN), IL-6 and interferon-γ) were measured via ELISA. Path analysis was used to explore the relationships between maternal diet, cytokines and birth weight. Four dietary patterns were identified: a mainly fruit, dairy products and poultry diet (FDP); a mainly vegetables, beans and pork diet (VBP); a mainly fish, shrimp and soup diet (FS) and a mainly tuber and egg diet (TE). Path analysis showed the order of effects of dietary patterns on birth weight was FS&gt;FDP&gt;TE&gt;VBP (β=0·130, 0·109, -0·094 and 0·046, respectively). Only the TE pattern's effect was negative. Maternal and fetal APN were positively associated with birth weight (β=0·045 and 0·226, respectively), and they mediated the association between the TE pattern and birth weight (indirect effect was 5·3 %). Maternal IL-6 was negatively associated with birth weight (β=-0·067) and mediated the association between maternal FDP and VBP patterns and birth weight (indirect effects were 10·1 and 100·0 %, respectively). All variables in the path explained 33·6 % of variation. These results suggested that maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy are associated with birth weight and mediated directly and indirectly through some maternal/fetal serum cytokines.

Dietary intake of iodine-enriched eggs decreases the incidence of mouse mammary tumors caused by the activated ErbB2 oncogene.

Human epigenetic studies suggest that consumption of seaweed prevents mammary cancer, which possibly is explained by iodine daily intake. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dietary intake of iodine-enriched eggs on mammary tumor incidence caused by the expression of activated type ErbB2. Female transgenic mice were divided into three groups, and fed a basic diet, a diet supplemented with ordinary eggs, or with iodine-enriched eggs. The number of mammary tumors greater than 5mm in diameter was recorded in mice at 6months of age. We report that the average number of mammary tumors per mouse was significantly lower in the iodine-enriched egg-added diet group than in either the basic diet or ordinary egg diet groups. These results indicate that iodine intake through livestock-derived products can reduce the incidence of mammary cancers caused by the expression of activated type ErbB2.

The Impact of Baked Egg and Baked Milk Diets on IgE- and Non-IgE-Mediated Allergy.

Baked milk (BM) and baked egg (BE) diets are increasingly used in the management of milk and egg allergy, rather than avoidance. Children with tolerance versus reactivity to BM and BE may have smaller skin prick test and lower specific IgE, and BM-tolerant children have less basophil reactivity and more peripheral T regulatory cells. However, most milk- and egg-allergic children tolerate BM and BE and an individual's reactivity is unpredictable. Non-reactivity is due to conformational changes in the allergens. Significant differences in the published advice about methods of introduction exist from graded introduction at home to a medically supervised full dose. These approaches carry different risks and may have different immunological effects. Reactivity to BM is a predictor of a severe milk allergy. Therefore, medical supervision for BM and BE introduction is prudent. The baked diet allows dietary liberation. Most, but not all, BM- and BE-tolerant children continue eating the baked foods. The prognosis of children who can eat BM and BE is favorable with likely resolution of their allergy over the next few years. Murine models of BE diets demonstrate that heated egg can impart clinical protection against anaphylaxis and cause immune changes. Most observational human studies of BM and BE diets demonstrate clinical resolution of allergy and favorable immune changes versus regular care controls. However, the one randomized controlled trial for the BE diet in BE-tolerant children did not support an immune-modifying effect of the BE diet. Another study of BE immunotherapy is expected to be completed in 2018. There is currently no evidence for prevention of allergy with the baked diets. There may be a future role for BM and BE in liberating the diets of individuals with non-IgE-mediated allergy given recent studies that a subset of these patients can consume BM without a clinical reaction.

Effects of quail (Coturnix japonica) egg diet on both the blood sugar and the lipid profile of alloxan induced diabetic albino rats

Quail eggs have been found useful in folk medicine in treatment of some diseases, but its consumption is not as common as chicken eggs amongst humans. This study was aimed at determining the dietary effects of quail eggs on blood sugar and lipid profile of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Quail egg samples were analysed for its various nutritional compositions using the Association of Official Analytic Chemistry (AOAC) methods. Quail eggs were administered to thirty six (36) alloxan induced diabetic rats, which were divided into nine (9) different groups of four (4) rats each per group at varied doses for a duration of seven (7), fourteen (14) and twenty one (21) days. Their blood sugar and lipid profile were determined using standard methods. Proximate analysis showed that quail egg could be a good source of protein, lipid and has high moisture content while it has minimal ash and carbohydrate contents. Rats treated with two (2) raw quail eggs showed the highest blood glucose lowering capacity and weight gain when compared with the insulin treated rats. Evaluation of the blood glucose at intervals (d 7, d 14, and d 21) showed that quail eggs could serve for mid-term and long term treatment of diabetes, but did not have any significant effects on the serum lipid profile of diabetic rats. It could be concluded that intake of quail egg diets either alone or as part of a therapeutic regime, could have beneficial effect in the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus.

No nutritional benefits of egg cannibalism for Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on a high-quality diet.

Egg cannibalism serves various functions in the Coccinellidae. Here we examined the fitness consequences of egg cannibalism by neonates, fourth instar larvae, and prereproductive adults of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer, with beetles fed a diet of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs. Cannibalism of two eggs by neonates had no effect on development, and cannibalism of five eggs by fourth instars did not benefit any aspect of reproduction, but delayed pupation slightly. Cannibalism of eggs by pre-reproductive adults had no effect on reproductive success in any combination of reciprocal crosses of cannibals and non-cannibals. Females did not recognize, nor avoid consuming, their own clutches, and cannibalism propensity did not change following mating and onset of oviposition in either sex. These results contrast with those for more strictly aphidophagous species in which larvae gain developmental benefits, and females may recognize and avoid filial egg clusters while using cannibalism to interfere with conspecific females, whereas males reduce egg cannibalism after mating because they cannot recognize filial clusters. Egg cannibalism may confer developmental benefits to C. maculata when diet is suboptimal, as previously shown, but no such benefits were evident on the high-quality E. kuehniella egg diet. Female C. maculata do not require aphids to reproduce and distribute their eggs broadly in the environment, given that larvae can develop on pollen and non-aphid prey. Thus, C. maculata is not subject to the intraspecific competition that selects for cannibalism in more aphidophagous species, and also lacks many secondary adaptations associated with the behaviour.

Influence of diet on growth, reproduction and lipid and fatty acid composition in the sea cucumberCucumaria frondosa

The suspension-feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is widely distributed in cold waters and is commercially exploited in the North Atlantic. While the species is considered to have potential for aquaculture, its feeding and reproductive biology differs markedly from that of currently cultivated sea cucumbers. Here, for the first time, the influence of food sources on the condition of C. frondosa was experimentally tested. Individuals were fed with either diatoms or fish eggs for 3 months. Specific growth rate (SGR), organ indices, fecundity, gonad maturity and profiles of lipids and fatty acids (FA) in tissues were compared among treatments and with sea cucumbers collected from the field. Individuals fed with fish eggs showed higher SGR and organ indices than all other treatments. The highest proportion of large oocytes was also found in gonad tubules of females from the fish egg treatment, although individuals fed with diatoms were the only ones in which spontaneous spawning occurred. Moreover, gonad and muscle tissues of sea cucumbers from the fish egg treatment presented the highest levels of lipids and essential FA. In contrast, non-fed sea cucumbers showed negative SGR, relatively low female fecundity and low concentrations of lipids and FA in tissues. While the fish egg diet presented several obvious benefits, phytoplankton remains an important source of carotenoids, which are vital for vitellogenesis in echinoderms. This indicates that mixed diets rich in lipids, essential FA and carotenoids can be further investigated to optimize growth and reproductive output of this species in captivity.

Using Food and Nutritional Strategies to Induce Tolerance in Food-Allergic Children.

Food allergy is an important and increasing public health problem worldwide, affecting predominantly infants and young children. There is an urgent need to develop effective treatment strategies to restore oral tolerance in food-allergic individuals. Among diverse research approaches, those involving native or heat-modified food proteins are most advanced and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Extensively heated (baked) milk and egg diets have already been adopted in clinical practice and benefit the majority of milk- and egg-allergic children. Oral, sublingual and epicutaneous immunotherapy with native foods remain in the sphere of clinical research with encouraging data suggesting that they may induce desensitization in a large proportion of treated patients and potentially permanent tolerance following an adequately long period of treatment. Synbiotics appear to have the most beneficial role in the prevention of food allergy; Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG may promote the development of tolerance to milk in allergic infants.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia among non-overweight adults and related factors in Zhejiang

To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia among non-overweight adults and related factors in Zhejiang province. A total of 10 868 non-overweight adults (aged ≥18 years and BMI<24.0 kg/m²) included in a population-based cross-sectional survey on metabolic syndrome in Zhejiang province in 2010 were selected to conduct questionnaire survey, health examination and blood fat detection. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in this population was 41.38%. The prevalence was significantly higher in males (43.19%) than in females (39.84%) (χ² = 12.53, P < 0.001). The prevalence of dyslipidemia significantly decreased in males (trend χ² = 47.61, P < 0.001) but increased in females (trend χ² = 3.88, P < 0.05) with age. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between urban area (41.21%) and rural area (41.49%) (χ² = 0.08, P = 0.774). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that sex, family history of chronic diseases, smoking, alcohol use, high meat and egg diet, cooking with animal oil, physical activity, central obesity and BMI were factors related to prevalence of dyslipidemia. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among the non-overweight adults in Zhejiang, and family history, smoking, high-fat diet, physical inactivity, central obesity seemed to be the major risk factors.

Characterization of Adult Transcriptomes from the Omnivorous Lady Beetle Coleomegilla maculata Fed Pollen or Insect Egg Diet.

Diet, nutrition, and obesity are important topics of current research. While many insect genome and/or transcriptome models are based on dietary specialists, the lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata, a common New World species, is highly omnivorous. C. maculata feeds on plants, fungi, insects and other arthropods; its diet frequently includes conspecific cannibalism. This study reports and discusses the first nutritionally based C. maculata transcriptomes. These transcriptomes were prepared from highly inbred specimens provided limited diets, after adult eclosion, of either pollen only or eggs of a soft bodied hemipteran insect only. Selected sequences from the transcriptomes were compared to verify basic genetic similarity of the sampled individuals. Differentially expressed genes associated with these diets were identified to aid with studies of omnivore diet and nutrition. Selected transcriptome sequences described herein are filed with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), GenBank Bioproject PRJNA236444.

Culture and growth of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the laboratory

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 510:265-273 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10854 Culture and growth of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the laboratory Martin K. S. Lilley1,2,3, Martina Ferraris3,4, Amanda Elineau3,4, Léo Berline3,4,5, Perrine Cuvilliers3,4, Laurent Gilletta6, Alain Thiéry1, Gabriel Gorsky3,4, Fabien Lombard3,4,* 1IMBE UMR CNRS 7263, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix-Marseille Université, Avenue Louis Philibert, BP 67, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France 2Institut Méditerranéen d’Océanologie (MIO), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7294, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France 3Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique, 06230 Villefranche sur mer, France 4CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique, 06230 Villefranche sur mer, France 5Université du Sud Toulon-Var, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Institut Mediterraneen d’Oceanologie (MIO), UM 110, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France 6CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche sur mer, Observatoire Océanographique, 06230 Villefranche sur mer, France *Corresponding author: lombard@obs-vlfr.fr ABSTRACT: Four cohorts of the scyphozoan jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca were grown in the laboratory. For the first time, P. noctiluca was grown from eggs through to reproductive adults. The maximum life span in the laboratory was 17 mo. Pelagia noctiluca were first observed to release gametes at an umbrella diameter of 2.4 cm. Laboratory growth under steady feeding conditions showed initial growth followed by stagnation until dietary conditions were altered. A mismatch between the availability of optimal food and the presence of developmental stages may significantly increase the mortality rates of the young stages. Non-motile prey improved survival of ephyrae stages compared with zooplankton, but good survival and ephyrae growth were only obtained with a high-energy sea urchin egg diet. Maximal growth rates were up to 30% d-1 for young ephyrae and 1.5-4% d-1 for adults. Maximal growth rates were comparable between laboratory and in situ growth observations in the Ligurian Sea during 1969 and 2013. Combining observations would suggest that 230 d of continuous growth are required to reach the largest mean size observed in the wild (June 2013, mean ± SD = 15.6 ± 2.8 cm, range = 12-21 cm). We suggest that 90-120 d of continuous growth from planula larvae would yield reproductive individuals under ideal growing conditions. We discuss the daily prey abundances required by each individual to sustain basal metabolism and the observed growth rates. KEY WORDS: Mauve stinger · Ligurian Sea · Mediterranean · Bloom · Life cycle · Mortality · Ephyra · Predation Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Lilley MKS, Ferraris M, Elineau A, Berline L and others (2014) Culture and growth of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the laboratory. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 510:265-273. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10854 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 510. Online publication date: September 09, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research.

The effects of body temperature and mass on the postprandial metabolic responses of the African egg-eating snakes Dasypeltis scabra and Dasypeltis inornata

African egg-eating snakes (Dasypeltis) feed only on freshly laid bird eggs which they perforate within their esophagus before swallowing the liquid contents and regurgitating the empty shell. Compared to a snake’s typical intact meal, the liquid diet of Dasypeltis would expectedly generate a more moderate postprandial metabolic response and specific dynamic action (SDA). Free-ranging Dasypeltis feed over a range of ambient temperatures and thereby experience predicted temperature-dependent shifts in the duration and magnitude of their postprandial metabolic response. Such shifts would undoubtedly be shared among different species and age classes of Dasypeltis. To examine these expectations, we measured pre- and postprandial metabolic rates of adult Dasypeltis inornata and adult and neonate Dasypeltis scabra in response to liquid egg meals weighing 20% of snake body mass at 20, 25, 27, 30, and 32°C. With an increase in body temperature, postprandial metabolic profiles of neonate and adult snakes became narrower and shorter in duration. Specific dynamic action varied among temperature treatments, increasing from 20 to 32°C. Standard metabolic rate, postprandial peak metabolic rate, and SDA scaled with mass exponents that typically did not differ from 1.0. As expected, Dasypeltis digesting a liquid egg diet experienced a more modest postprandial response and SDA, expending on average only 10.6% of the meal’s energy on the breakdown, absorption, and assimilation of the egg meal, whereas other colubrids consuming intact rodent or fish meals expend on average 16.3% of the meal’s energy on digestion and assimilation. Actively foraging and feeding throughout the avian egg laying season enable Dasypeltis to survive when eggs are not available. The adaptive suite of traits that enable Dasypeltis to consume eggs of large relative size and ingest only the liquid contents may also be joined by physiological adaptations specific to their liquid diet and extended bouts of fasting.

Dietary baked egg accelerates resolution of egg allergy in children

Baked egg is tolerated by a majority of egg-allergic children. To characterize immunologic changes associated with ingestion of baked egg and evaluate the role that baked egg diets play in the development of tolerance to regular egg. Egg-allergic subjects who tolerated baked egg challenge incorporated baked egg into their diet. Immunologic parameters were measured at follow-up visits. A comparison group strictly avoiding egg was used to evaluate the natural history of the development of tolerance. Of the 79 subjects in the intent-to-treat group followed for a median of 37.8 months, 89% now tolerate baked egg and 53% now tolerate regular egg. Of 23 initially baked egg-reactive subjects, 14 (61%) subsequently tolerated baked egg and 6 (26%) now tolerate regular egg. Within the initially baked egg-reactive group, subjects with persistent reactivity to baked egg had higher median baseline egg white (EW)-specific IgE levels (13.5 kU(A)/L) than those who subsequently tolerated baked egg (4.4 kU(A)/L; P= .04) and regular egg (3.1 kU(A)/L; P= .05). In subjects ingesting baked egg, EW-induced skin prick test wheal diameter and EW-, ovalbumin-, and ovomucoid-specific IgE levels decreased significantly, while ovalbumin- and ovomucoid-specific IgG(4) levels increased significantly. Subjects in the per-protocol group were 14.6 times more likely than subjects in the comparison group (P< .0001) to develop regular egg tolerance, and they developed tolerance earlier (median 50.0 vs 78.7 months; P< .0001). Initiation of a baked egg diet accelerates the development of regular egg tolerance compared with strict avoidance. Higher serum EW-specific IgE level is associated with persistent baked and regular egg reactivity, while initial baked egg reactivity is not.

Extensively heated milk and egg as oral immunotherapy

The introduction of extensively heated milk and egg protein into the diet has been explored in recent years. Studies have suggested that a large subset of children who react to unheated milk or egg can tolerate extensively heated forms of these foods. Immunologic changes induced by a diet containing baked milk and egg are similar to changes that have been observed during oral immunotherapy trials. The baked milk and egg diet appears to accelerate the development of regular milk and egg tolerance when compared with strict avoidance. An oral challenge to extensively heated milk and egg into milk and egg allergic children's diets should be considered when appropriate. Oral food challenges are the most reliable means of establishing a diagnosis and should be undertaken under physician supervision.

Effect of Modification of the NI Artificial Diet on the Biological Fitness Parameters of Mass Reared Western Tarnished Plant Bug,Lygus hesperus

The NI artificial diet is the only known successful diet for mass rearing the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae). This diet has been used for more than a decade. However, because it contains cooked chicken egg, and thus requires laborious preparation (Cohen 2000), this diet is difficult to use. Three modifications (D1, D2, D3) of the NI diet were investigated in hopes of developing a more easily prepared diet that avoids the cooked egg and improves mass fitness parameters of L. hesperus. The modified D3 diet, containing autoclaved chicken egg yolk based component, had the highest egg/cage/day production (13120 ± 812 SE). This was significantly greater than diets D1, containing autoclaved dry chicken egg yolk based component (9027 ± 811 SE), D2, containing autoclaved chicken egg white based component (8311 ± 628 SE), and NI, which contained autoclaved chicken egg yolk + cooked egg diet (7890 ± 761 SE). Significant differences were observed in the weights of all developmental stages except for eggs and first instar nymphs. Higher rates of fertility, hatchability, and low mortality in nymphs during the first instar were also obtained in the modified D3 diet. The results clearly indicated that the D3 diet provided an opportunity to significantly reduce rearing cost by avoiding time-consuming issues with preparation of a cooked egg diet. This should result in an increase in production capacity and a reduction in production costs.

PP77 CELIAC DISEASE'S SOCIAL DAMAGE

gastrointestinal tract is a common finding in pediatric colonoscopies. Its clinical significance and its pathophysiological mechanism are yet unclear, although it was described as being associated with cow’s milk and other food allergies. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course of LNH in a group of children undergone different treatment strategies and to assess the possible association between LNH and food allergy (FA). Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 66 consecutive patients (pts) with a diagnosis of LNH (39 male, 27 female, median age 7.5 years). Nineteen pts were treated with a cow’s milk, egg and soy elimination diet (Group A), 16 with mesalamine (Group B), 14 with elimination diet plus mesalamine (Group C), and 17 had no therapy (Group D). Apart from ileocolonoscopy with biopsy, all pts underwent routine biochemistry, skin prick tests and atopy patch test for food allergens. In each patient an accurate family and personal history for atopy was recorded. All pts were followed for at least 4 months. Response to treatment was defined as having no symptoms at the end of the observational period. Results: Indications to colonoscopy were: hematochezia (with or without diarrhea) in 73% of pts, recurrent abdominal pain with chronic diarrhea in 25%, chronic diarrhea in 2%. Forty-five of 66 pts (68%) presented a LNH of the terminal ileum, whereas 21 (32%) had a LNH of terminal ileum and colon. No patient had an isolated LNH of the colon. Allergy tests were positive in 35% of pts, of these 61% had positive skin prick tests, and 35% positive patch tests. Four percent of pts had positive both tests. Eighty, 86, 83 and 79% in group A, B, C, and D, respectively, had a clinical response. No significant differences in the response rates among the 4 groups based on family or personal clinical history of allergy, type and duration of clinical symptoms, localization of LNH (ileum vs ileum plus colon), positive allergy tests, were recorded. Conclusions: In our study, all treatments were equally effective in improving symptoms related to LNH, not supporting the hypothesis of a correlation between LNH and FA. Our data suggest that LNH may be a benign, self-limited condition, possibly normal or age-related. Nevertheless large, prospective, controlled studies are needed to better define its clinical significance and its association with food allergy.

Follow-up of the Heated Egg (HE) Diet Trial

Follow-up of the Heated Egg (HE) Diet Trial

Egg breakfast enhances weight loss

To test the hypotheses that an egg breakfast, in contrast to a bagel breakfast matched for energy density and total energy, would enhance weight loss in overweight and obese participants while on a reduced-calorie weight loss diet. Men and women (n=152), age 25-60 years, body mass index (BMI) >or=25 and <or=50 kg m(-2). Otherwise healthy overweight or obese participants were assigned to Egg (E), Egg Diet (ED), Bagel (B) or Bagel Diet (BD) groups, based on the prescription of either an egg breakfast containing two eggs (340 kcal) or a breakfast containing bagels matched for energy density and total energy, for at least 5 days per week, respectively. The ED and BD groups were suggested a 1000 kcal energy-deficit low-fat diet, whereas the B and E groups were asked not to change their energy intake. After 8 weeks, in comparison to the BD group, the ED group showed a 61% greater reduction in BMI (-0.95+/-0.82 vs -0.59+/-0.85, P<0.05), a 65% greater weight loss (-2.63+/-2.33 vs -1.59+/-2.38 kg, P<0.05), a 34% greater reduction in waist circumference (P<0.06) and a 16% greater reduction in percent body fat (P=not significant). No significant differences between the E and B groups on the aforementioned variables were obtained. Further, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, did not differ between the groups. The egg breakfast enhances weight loss, when combined with an energy-deficit diet, but does not induce weight loss in a free-living condition. The inclusion of eggs in a weight management program may offer a nutritious supplement to enhance weight loss.